1,690
Views
45
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: Deer

, , &
Pages 263-298 | Published online: 30 Mar 2010

References

  • Allen , R. and Allan , C. 1995 . Mountain beech forest dynamics in the Kaweka Range and the influence of browsing animals , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9596/24 21 (unpubl.)
  • Angus , D. 1995 . “ Proposed sale of Crown herd ” . In Proceedings of the Fiordland Wapiti Forum , 38 – 41 . Christchurch : Safari Club International . New Zealand Chapter
  • Asher , G. W. 1993 . “ Reproduction of fallow deer ” . In Proceedings of the First World Forum on Fallow Deer Fanning 101 – 112 . Mudgee, NSW, , Australia
  • Asher , G. W. and Fisher , M. W. Reproductive physiology of fanned red deer (Cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) . Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium of Game Ranching . Edmonton, Canada. pp. 474 – 484 .
  • Asher , G. W. and Fisher , M. W. 1998 . Reproductive physiology of deer in relation to management: implications of current research , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 15 31 – 41 . Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association .
  • Asher , G. W. , Adam , J. L. , Otway , W. , Bowmar , P. , van Reenan , G. , Mackintosh , C. G. and Dratch , P. 1988 . Hybridization of Père David's deer (Elaphunis davidianus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) by artificial insemination. . Journal ofZoology (Lond.) , 215 : 197 – 203 .
  • Asher , G. W. , Morrow , C. J. , Jabbour , H. N. , Mulley , R. C. , Veldhuizcn , F. A. and Langridge , M. 1992 . Laparoscopic intra‐uterine insemination of fallow deer with frozen‐thawed or fresh semen after synchronisation with CIDR devices. . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 40 : 8 – 14 .
  • Asher , G. W. , Berg , D. K. , Beaumont , S. , Morrow , C. J. , O'Neill , K. T. and Fisher , M. W. 1996 . Comparison of seasonal changes in reproductive parameters of adult male European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) and hybrid Mesopotamian x European fallow deer (D. d. mesopotamica x D d. dama) . Animal Reproduction Science , 45 : 201 – 215 .
  • Asher , G. W. , Gallagher , D. S. , Tate , M. L. and Tedford , C. 1999 . Hybrisation between sika deer (Cervus nippori) and axis deer (Axis axis) . The Journal of Heredity , 90 : 236 – 240 .
  • Asher , G. W. , O'Neill , K. T. , Scott , I. C. , Mockett , B. G. and Fisher , M. W. 2000 . Genetic influences on reproduction of female red deer (Cervus elaphus) (2) Seasonal and genetic effects on the superovulatory response to endogenous FSH. . Animal Reproduction Science , 59 : 61 – 70 .
  • Beadel , S. M. 1988 . Wild animals of the Urewera forest 1980–87 , Technical Report Series No. 7 Department of Conservation (Rotorua) .
  • Benes , J. 1988 . Activity and behaviour of sambar deer in their Manawatu coastal range. Observed breeding cycles and antler development cycles. Recommendations for future management , 46 Department of Conservation (Wanganui) report . (unpubl.)
  • Brabyn , L. K. 1988 . Resurvey of the forests of the Kaimanawa Recreational Hunting Area , 27 Department of Conservation . (Turangi) report
  • Burrows , L. , Coomes , D. , Newell , C. and Allan , C. 1999 . Forest vegetation changes in the Murchison Mountains, Fiordland National park, with special emphasis on takahe management , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9899/112 30 (unpubl.)
  • Caughley , G. 1963 . Dispersal rates of several ungulates introduced into New Zealand. . Nature , 200 : 280 – 281 .
  • Challies , C. N. 1978 . Assessment of the physical well‐being of red deer (Cervus elaphus) populations in south Westland, New Zealand , Protection Forestry Branch Report No. 163 Forest Research Institute .
  • Challies , C. N. 1990 . “ Red deer ” . In The handbook of New Zealand mammals , Edited by: King , C. M. 436 – 458 . Auckland : Oxford University Press .
  • Challies , C. N. 1991 . Status and future management of the wild animal recovery industry. . New Zealand Forestry , 36 : 10 – 17 .
  • Challies , C. N. and Burrows , L. J. 1984 . Deer control and vegetation response on Stewart Island. . Forest Research Institute: What's New in Forest Research , 126 : 1 – 4 .
  • Clifton‐Hadley , R. S. and Wilesmith , J. W. 1991 . Tuberculosis in deer: a review. . The Veterinary Record , 129 : 5 – 12 .
  • Clutton Brock , T. H. and Albon , S. D. 1989 . Red deer in the Highlands , Oxford : BSP Professional Books .
  • Cole , G. 1998 . Issues and options for managing the impacts of deer on native forests and ecosystems. Summary and analysis of submissions , 114 Wellington, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation .
  • Coleman , J. D. , Fraser , K. W. and Nugent , G. 2000 . Optimal buffer widths for control of possums in the Hauhungaroa Range: 1994/95–1998/99. Population recovery of possums and wild deer and Tb prevalence in possums, wild deer, and cattle , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9900/55 42 (unpubl.)
  • Cushman , J. G. , Laidler , A. , Russell , D. G. , Wilson , N. C. and Herbison , G. P. 1991 . Life in New Zealand , Vol. IV , 123 Leisure. Wellington : Hillary Commission for Recreation and Sport .
  • Davidson , M. M. 1979 . Movement of marked sika (Cervus nippon) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in central North Island, New Zealand. . New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , 9 : 77 – 88 .
  • Davidson , M. M. and Fraser , K. W. 1991 . Official hunting patterns and trends in the proportions of sika (Cervus nippon) and red deer (C. elaphus) in the Kaweka Range, New Zealand, 1958–1988. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 15 : 31 – 40 .
  • Davidson , M. M. and Nugent , G. 1990 . “ Fallow deer ” . In The handbook of New Zealand mammals , Edited by: King , C. M. 490 – 506 . Auckland : Oxford University Press .
  • Department of Conservation . 1997 . Issues and options for managing the impacts of deer on native forests and ecosystems. A public discussion document , 56 Wellington, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation .
  • Douglas , M. J. W. 1990 . “ Rusa deer ” . In The handbook of New Zealand mammals , Edited by: King , C. M. 483 – 488 . Auckland : Oxford University Press .
  • Drew , K. R. 1996 . Deer nutritional requirements. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 13 7 – 102 .
  • Emerson , B. C. and Tate , M. L. 1993 . Genetic analysis of evolutionary relationships among deer (Subfamily Cervinae). . The Journal of Heredity , 84 : 266 – 273 .
  • Feldhamer , G. A. , Dixon , K. R. and Chapman , J. A. 1982 . Home range and movement of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Maryland. . Zietschrift Saugetierkunde , 47 : 311 – 316 .
  • Fennessy , P. 1997 . Chronic wasting disease of cervids. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 14 207 – 212 .
  • Fennessy , P. F. and Mackintosh , C. G. 1992 . Hybridisation of red deer and Père David's deer. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 9 181 – 186 .
  • Fennessy , P. F. and Thompson , J. M. 1988 . Hybridisation and biological efficiency for venison production in red deer. . Proceedings of the Australian Association of Animal Breeding and Genetics , 7 : 532 – 535 .
  • Forsyth , D. M. 1997 . Ecology and management of Himalayan thar and sympatric chamois in the Southern Alps , 140 Lincoln, , New Zealand : Lincoln University . Unpubl. PhD thesis
  • Forsyth , D. M. , Coomes , D. and Nugent , G. 2000 . Framework for assessing the susceptibility of management areas to deer impacts , Landcare Research Contract Report LC0001/ 38 56 (unpubl.)
  • Forsyth , D. M. and Duncan , K. P. in press . Propagule size and the relative success of exotic ungulate and bird introductions to New Zealand . American Naturalist ,
  • Frampton , C. M. and Nugent , G. 1992 . Age and sex‐independent comparisons of morphological measurements. . Growth, Development, & Aging , 56 : 45 – 52 .
  • Fraser , K. W. 1989 . Assessment of incidental mortality of deer during a possum control operation using aerial 1080 poisoning . Forest Research Institute report , : 16 (unpubl.)
  • Fraser , W. 1994 . Field guide for the identification of sika deer , 10 Wellington, , New Zealand : Estate Protection Policy Division, Department of Conservation .
  • Fraser , K. W. 1996a . The effect of recreational hunters on deer populations in Pureora Conservation Park , Science for Conservation 31. 39 Wellington, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation .
  • Fraser , K. W. 1996b . Comparative rumen morphology of syinpatric sika deer (Cervus nippon) and red deer (C. elaphus) in the Ahimanawa and Kaweka ranges, central North Island, New Zealand. . Oecologia , 105 : 160 – 166 .
  • Fraser , K. W. 2000 . Status and conservation role of recreational hunting on conservation land , Science for Conservation 140 46 Wellington, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation .
  • Fraser , K. W. Introduced wildlife in New Zealand — a survey of general public views , Landcare Research Science Series No. 23 Lincoln, , New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press . in press
  • Fraser , K. W. and Burrows , L. E. 2000 . Changes in the density and local distribution of red deer and their impacts on vegetation in the Arawhata Valley (South Westland) between 1969 and 1999 , Landcare Research Contract Report LC0001/47 30
  • Fraser , K. W. , Coleman , J. D. and Nugent , G. 1995 . Optimal buffer widths for control of possums in the Hauhungaroa Range : 1994 — initial population reductions and Tb prevalence in possums, deer, and pigs , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9495/119 25 (unpubl.)
  • Fraser , K. W. , Cone , J. M. and Whitford , E. J. 2000 . A revision of the established ranges and new populations of 11 introduced ungulate species in New Zealand. . Journal of the Roval Society of New Zealand , 30 : 419 – 437 .
  • Fraser , K. W. and Leathwick , J. R. 1990 . Population distribution and seasonal patterns of habitat use for sika deer, Kaimanawa RHA , Forest Research Institute Contract Report FWE 90/39 29 (unpubl.).
  • Fraser , K. W. and Speedy , C. J. 1997 . Hunting pressure, deer populations, and vegetation impacts in the Kaimanawa Recreational Hunting Area , Science for Conservation 47 47 Wellington, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation .
  • Fraser , K. W. and Sweetapple , P. J. 1992 . Hunters and hunting patterns in part of the Kaimanawa Recreational Hunting Area. . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 19 : 91 – 98 .
  • Fraser , K. W. and Sweetapple , P. J. 1993 . Assessing the age and condition of deer from jawbones , 32 Christchurch : Manaaki Whenua ‐ Landcare Research New Zealand .
  • Fraser , K. W. and Sweetapple , P. J. 2000 . A comparison of the effectiveness of two toxic loadings (0.08% and 0.15%) for control of deer during aerial 1080 poisoning using carrot baits , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9900/84 22 (unpubl.)
  • Fraser , M. D. and Gordon , I. J. 1997 . Organic matter intake, diet digestibility and feeding behaviour of goats, red deer, and South American camelids feeding on three contrasting Scottish vegetation communities. . Journal of Applied Ecology , 34 : 687 – 698 .
  • Gill , J. 1998 . Deer diseases in Southland and Otago. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 15 171 – 174 .
  • Golding , C. 2000 . Diet, distribution, and density of fallow deer (Dama dama) in the Caples Valley, Otago, New Zealand: implications for future management , 122 Dunedin, , New Zealand : University of Otago . Unpubl. MSc thesis
  • Goodman , S. J. , Barton , N. H. , Swanson , G. , Abemethy , K. and Pemberton , J. M. 1999 . Introgression through rare hybridisation: A genetic study of a hybrid zone between red and sika deer (Genus Cervus) in Argyll, Scotland. . Genetics , 152 : 355 – 371 .
  • Goonan , J. 1995 . The future of the Blue Mountains (Otago) Recreational Hunting Area , University of Otago Wildlife Management Report No. 71 87
  • Griffin , F. , Bissett , B. , Rodgers , R. and McIntosh , C. 1998 . Uncontrollable spread of Tb within a deer herd. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 15 225 – 230 .
  • Guinness , F. E. , Lincoln , G. A. and Short , R. V. 1971 . The reproductive cycle of the female red deer Cervus elaphus . Journal of Reproduction and Fertility , 27 : 427 – 438 .
  • Handford , P. A. 1991 . The distribution and abundance of introduced browsing animals in Haurangi Forest Park , 88 Department of Conservation (Wellington Conservancy) . Masterton draft report (unpubl.)
  • Hayes , R. 1995 . “ Southern Lakes Helicopters Ltd ” . In Proceedings of the Fiordland Wapiti Forum , 17 – 22 . Christchurch : Safari Club International, New Zealand Chapter .
  • Henderson , R. and Nugent , G. 1989 . Monitoring the hunting system for red deer in the Oxford Recreational Hunting Area , 18 Forest Research Institute Contract Report . (unpubl.).
  • Hill , F. and Staples , P. 1999 . Common diseases of deer diagnosed at the AgriQuality Animal Health Lab, Palmerston North (1995–1998) , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 16 109 – 115 . Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association .
  • Hofmann , R. R. 1989 . Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: a comparative view of their digestive system. . Oecologia , 78 : 443 – 457 .
  • Holden , P. 1989 . The Deerstalkers. A history of the New Zealand Deerstalkers’ Association 1937–1987 , Auckland : Hodder & Stoughton .
  • Hudson , R. J. , Kozak , H. M. , Adamczewski , J. Z. and Olsen , C. D. 1991 . Reproductive performance of farmed wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) . Small Ruminant Research , 4 : 19 – 28 .
  • Jacobsen , B. 1993 . “ Fallow deer fanning in New Zealand ” . In Proceedings of a First World Forum on Fallow Deer Fanning 23 – 28 . Mudgee, NSW, , Australia
  • Johnston , C. 1995 . “ Wapiti Liaison Committee ” . In Proceedings of the Fiordland Wapiti Forum , 26 – 29 . Christchurch : Safari Club International, New Zealand Chapter .
  • Kay , R. N. B. 1985 . “ Body size, patterns of growth, and efficiency of production in red deer ” . In Biology of deer production , Royal Society Bulletin 22 Edited by: Fennessy , P. F. and Drew , K. R. 411 – 421 .
  • Kelton , S. D. and Skipworth , J. P. 1987 . Foods of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in a Manawatu (New Zealand) flax swamp. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 10 : 149 – 153 .
  • Lee , W. G. , Wilson , J. B. and Ranee , B. D. 1994 . Reassessment (1989–1994) of permanent transects to monitor vegetation change and use by deer of Chionochloa pallens grassland in the Murchison and Stuart mountains , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9495/44 22 (unpubl.)
  • Lentle , R. and Saxton , F. L. 1991 . Red deer in New Zealand: A complete hunting manual , 192 Auckland : David Bateman .
  • Lentle , R. G. , Stafford , K. J. , Potter , M. A. , Springett , B. P. and Dunning , D. W. 2000 . An analysis of a recreational hunter's red deer tallies in the Tararua Ranges, North Island, New Zealand. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 24 : 11 – 19 .
  • Lo , P. 1985 . Movements, home ranges and habitat utilisation by sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Santoft Forest, Manawatu , New Zealand Forest Service . (Palmerston North) report (unpubl.)
  • Lovelock , B. A. 1987 . Northern Stewart Island wild animal survey 1986 , Department of Conservation . (Invercargill) report (unpubl.)
  • Lugton , I. , Wilson , P. R. , Morris , R. S. and Nugent , G. 1998 . Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand. . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 46 : 147 – 156 .
  • Marchinton , R. L. and Hirth , D. H. 1984 . “ Behaviour ” . In Whitetailed deer ecology and management , Edited by: Halls , L. K. 129 – 168 . Harrisburg, PA : Stackpole Books .
  • Mark , A. F. 1989 . Responses of indigenous vegetation to contrasting trends in utilisation by red deer in two south western New Zealand National Parks . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 12 : 103 – 114 . (Supplement)
  • Maruyama , N. , Totake , Y. and Okabayashi , R. 1976 . Seasonal movements of sika in OmoteNikko, Tochigi Prefecture. . Journal of the Mammal Society of Japan , 6 : 187 – 198 .
  • Mason , P. 1994 . Parasites of deer in New Zealand. . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 21 : 39 – 48 .
  • Maunder , C. W. 1990 . Fallow deer density patterns in Te Tapui and Te Miro scenic reserves: Implications for future management , 67 Christchurch, , New Zealand : University of Canterbury . Unpubl. BFSc dissertation
  • McKenna , P. B. 1997 . Checklist of helminth parasites of terrestrial mammals in New Zealand. . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 24 : 277 – 290 .
  • Mackintosh , C. G. Advances in deer biology . Proceedings of the 4th International Deer Biology Congress . Deer health and disease , Edited by: Zomborszky , Z. pp. 263 – 270 .
  • Mackintosh , C. G. Advances in deer biology . Proceedings of the 4th International Deer Biology Congress . Johne's disease and avian tuberculosis in deer in New Zealand , Edited by: Zomborszky , Z. pp. 277 – 279 .
  • Mackintosh , C. G. , Qureshi , T. , Waldrup , K. A. , Labes , R. E. , Dodds , K. and Griffin , J. F. T. Advances in deer biology . Proceedings of the 4th International Deer Biology Congress . Heritability of resistance to tuberculosis in red deer (Cervus elaphus) , Edited by: Zomborszky , Z. pp. 274 – 276 .
  • Moore , G. H. and Littlejohn , R. P. 1989 . Hybridisation of fanned wapiti (Cervus elaphus manitobensis) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 16 : 191 – 198 .
  • Morris , C. A. Genetic improvement programmes for fanned fallow deer . Proceedings of the First World Forum on Fallow Deer Fanning . Mudgee, NSW, Australia. pp. 137 – 146 .
  • Muir , P. D. , Semiadi , G. , Asher , G. W. , Broad , T. E. , Tate , M. L. and Barry , T. N. 1997 . Sambar (Cervus unicolor) x red deer (Cervus elaphus) interspecies hybrids. . The Journal of Heredity , 88 : 366 – 372 .
  • Mulley , R. C. 1989 . Reproduction and perfonnance of fanned fallow deer (Dama dama). , Australia : University of Sydney . Unpubl. PhD thesis
  • Mylrea , G. E. 1991 . Reproduction in tropical species. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 8 249 – 267 .
  • Nelson , M. E. and Mech , L. D. 1992 . Dispersal in female whitetailed deer. . Journal of Mammalogy , 73 : 891 – 894 .
  • Nugent , G. 1988 . Successful control of fallow deer by recreational hunters in the Blue Mountains, Otago. . New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , 18 : 239 – 252 .
  • Nugent , G. 1989 . Identifying the sex of fallow deer from jawbone measurements. . Australian Wildlife Research , 16 : 441 – 447 .
  • Nugent , G. 1990a . Forage availability and the diet of fallow deer (Dama dama) and forage availability in the Blue Mountains, Otago. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 13 : 83 – 95 .
  • Nugent , G. 1990b . A review of options to manage whitetailed deer Odocoileus virginianus on Stewart Island , Forest Research Institute Contract Report FWE 90/20 39 (unpubl.)
  • Nugent , G. 1990c . Monitoring the Blue Mountains Recreational Hunting Area , Forest Research Institute Contract Report FWE 90/24 25 (unpubl.)
  • Nugent , G. 1990d . A whitetailed deer poisoning trial on Stewart Island , Forest Research Institute Contract Report FWE 90/4 14 (unpubl.)
  • Nugent , G. 1992a . The conservation role of commercial deer hunting , Forest Research Institute Contract Report 92/3 49 (unpubl.)
  • Nugent , G. 1992b . Big‐game, small‐game, and gamebird hunting in New Zealand: hunting effort, harvest, and expenditure in 1988. . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 19 : 75 – 90 .
  • Nugent , G. 1993a . What do rasa deer eat? . New Zealand Hunting and Wildlife , 14 (101) : 11 – 13 .
  • Nugent , G. 1993b . Deer movement patterns in New Zealand and their implications for the spread of bovine tuberculosis , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9293/119 25 (unpubl.)
  • Nugent , G. 1994 . Home range size and its development for fallow deer in the Blue Mountains, New Zealand. . Acta Thierologica , 39 : 159 – 175 .
  • Nugent , G. 1998 . Prevalence of Tb in wild deer: Summary of 1995/96 “Operational” Surveys , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9798/73 16 (unpubl.)
  • Nugent , G. and Challies , C. N. 1988 . Diet and food preferences of whitetailed deer in northeastern Stewart Island. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 11 : 61 – 71 .
  • Nugent , G. and Choquenot , D. 1999 . Comparative cost‐effectiveness of commercial, recreational, and state‐funded deer hunting for conservation purposes , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9899/ 039 34 (unpubl.)
  • Nugent , G. and Frampton , C. M. 1994 . Microgeographic and temporal variation in mandible size within a New Zealand fallow deer (Dama dama) population. . Journal of Applied Ecology , 31 : 253 – 262 .
  • Nugent , G. and Fraser , K. W. 1993 . Pest or valued resource: conflicts in game management. . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 20 : 361 – 366 .
  • Nugent , G. , Fraser , K. W. and Sweetapple , P. J. 1997 . Comparison of red deer and possum diets and impacts in podocarp‐hardwood forest, Waihaha Catchment, Pureora Conservation Park , Science for Conservation 50. 61 Wellington, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation .
  • Nugent , G. , Fraser , K. W. and Sweetapple , P. J. in press . Top down or bottom up? Comparing the impacts of arboreal possums and ‘terrestrial’ ruminants on native forests in New Zealand . Biological Conservation ,
  • Nugent , G. and Lugton , I. W. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in wild deer in the Hauhungaroa Range, North Island, New Zealand . Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mycobacterium bovis . pp. 273 – 275 .
  • Nugent , G. , Parkes , J. P. and Tustin , K. G. 1987 . Changes in the density and distribution of red deer and wapiti in northern Fiordland. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 10 : 11 – 21 .
  • Nugent , G. and Proffitt , F. 1994 . Bovine tuberculosis (Tb) infection in wild deer and pigs in the Kaimanawa and Kaweka ranges , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9495/32 35 (unpubl.)
  • Nugent , G. and Sweetapple , P. J. 1989 . The impact of three deer hunting regimes in northeastern Fiordland. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 12 : 33 – 46 .
  • Nugent , G. , Whitford , J. , Coleman , J. D. and Fraser , K. W. Effect of possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) control on the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in wild deer . Proceedings of the ARC‐ Onderstepoort OIE International Congress with WHO‐Cosponsorship on Anthrax, Brucellosis, CBPP, Clostridial and Mycobacterial Diseases . pp. 462 – 466 . Onderstepoort, , South Africa : Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute .
  • Orr , M. B. and Mackintosh , C. G. 1988 . An outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 36 : 19 – 21 .
  • Otway , W. 1990 . “ Establishment of Mesopotamian fallow deer in New Zealand and their hybridization with European fallow deer ” . In The biology of deer , Edited by: Brown , R. D. 400 New York : Springer‐ Verlag .
  • Parkes , J. P. , Nugent , G. and Warburton , B. 1996 . Commercial exploitation as a pest control tool for introduced mammals in New Zealand. . Wildlife Biology , 2 : 135 – 141 .
  • Pearse , A. J. 1988 . Wapiti and hybrids ‐ special management needs. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 5 164 – 177 .
  • Pearse , A. J. and Drew , K. R. Advances in deer biology . Proceedings of the 4th International Deer Biology Congress . Ecologically sound management. Aspects of modern sustainable deer fanning systems , Edited by: Zomborszky , Z. pp. 73 – 80 .
  • Pearse , A. J. and Goosen , D. G. 1999 . Hybridisation and species/strains in the New Zealand deer industry. Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 16 167 – 174 .
  • Pittaway , B. 1992 . Fallow deer hunting in New Zealand , 103 Auckland : The Halycon Press .
  • Ratcliffe , P.R. 1987 . The management of red deer in the commercial forests of Scotland related to population dynamics and habitat changes , 363 England : University of London . Unpubl. PhD thesis
  • Robinson , R. C. , Phillips , P. H. , Stevens , G. and Storm , P. A. 1989 . An outbreak of Mycobacterium bovis infection in fallow deer (Dama dama) . Australian Veterinary Journal , 66 : 195 – 197 .
  • Rogers , G. M. and Leathwick , J. E. 1997 . Factors predisposing forest to canopy collapse in the southern Ruahine Range, New Zealand. . Biological Conservation , 80 : 325 – 338 .
  • Rose , A. B. and Platt , K. H. 1987 . Recovery of northern Fiordland alpine grasslands after reduction in the deer population. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 10 : 23 – 34 .
  • Saunders , A. 2000 . A review of Department of Conservation mainland restoration projects and recommendations for further action , 219 Wellington : Department of Conservation .
  • Sauter , C. M. and Morris , R. S. 1995 . Behavioural studies for the potential for direct transmission of tuberculosis from feral ferrets (Mustela furo) and possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) to fanned livestock. . New Zealand Veterinary Journal , 43 : 294 – 300 .
  • Schmitt , S. M. , Fitzgerald , S. D. , Cooley , T. M. , Brunning‐Fann , C. S. , Sullivan , L. , Berry , D. , Carlson , T. , Minnis , R. B. , Payeur , J. B. and Sikarksie , J. 1997 . Bovine tuberculosis in free‐ranging white‐tailed deer from Michigan. . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 33 : 749 – 758 .
  • Schmitz , O. J. , Sinclair , A. R. E. and McShea , W. S. 1997 . “ Rethinking the role of deer in forest ecosystem dynamics ” . In The science of overabundance: Deer ecology and population management , Edited by: Underwood , H. B. and Rappole , J. H. 201 – 223 . Washington and London : Smithsonian Institution Press .
  • Semiadi , G. , Barry , T. N. , Stafford , K. J. , Muir , P. D. and Reid , C. S. 1994a . Comparison of the digestive and chewing efficiency and time spent eating and ruminating in sambar (Cervus unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) . Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) , 123 : 89 – 97 .
  • Semiadi , G. , Muir , P. D. and Barry , T. N. 1994b . General biology of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in captivity. . New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research , 37 : 79 – 85 .
  • Semiadi , G. , Barry , T. N. and Muir , P. D. 1995 . Dietary preferences of sambar (Cervus unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) offered browse, legumes, and grass species. . Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge) , 125 : 99 – 107 .
  • Smale , M. C. , Hall , G. M. J. and Gardner , R. O. 1995 . Dynamics of kanuka (Kunzea ericoides) forest on south Kaipara spit, New Zealand, and the impact of fallow deer (Dama dama) . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 19 : 131 – 141 .
  • Smale , M. C. and Kimberley , M. O. 1994 . Regeneration patterns in montane conifer/broadleaved forest on Mt Pureora, New Zealand. . New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science , 23 : 123 – 141 .
  • Smith , B. L. Health management of fanned fallow deer in New Zealand . Proeeedings of the First World Forum on Fallow Deer Farming . Mudgee, NSW, Australia. pp. 87 – 98 .
  • Speedy , C. J. 1991 . The effects of recreational hunting pressure on mountain beech forest habitat quality in Kaimanawa Forest Park , 25 central North Island, , New Zealand : Department of Conservation report . (unpubl.)
  • Speedy , C. 1997 . Spring and summer hunting summary. . Target Tempo , 24 : 43 – 46 .
  • Speedy , C. 1999 . Managing deer impact in the Rangitikei Remote Experience Zone. . Target Taupo , 30 : 67 – 70 .
  • Stafford , K. J. 1997 . The diet and trace element status of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Manawatu district, New Zealand. . New Zealand Journal of Zoology , 24 : 267 – 271 .
  • Statham , H. L. and Statham , M. 1996 . Movements of fallow deer (Damadama) in Tasmania and the effects of population sampling on dispersal , 55 Kings Meadows, , Tasmania : Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries Report .
  • Stewart , G. H. 1986 . Forest dynamics and disturbance in a beech/hardwood forest, Fiordland, New Zealand. . Vegetatio , 68 : 115 – 126 .
  • Stewart , G. H. 1988 . Forest dynamics and deer browsing in Nothofagus forest of the Blue Mountains , West Otago, , New Zealand : Forest Research Institute Contract Report . (unpubl.)
  • Stewart , G. H. , Wardle , J. A. and Burrows , L. B. 1987 . Forest understorcy changes after reduction in deer numbers, northern Fiordland, New Zealand. . New Zealand Journal of Ecology , 10 : 35 – 42 .
  • Stewart , G. H. and Burrows , L. E. 1989 . The impact of white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus on regeneration in the coastal forests of Stewart Island, New Zealand. . Biological Conservation , 49 : 275 – 293 .
  • Sweetapple , P. 1997 . Effectiveness of foliage bait poisoning for controlling low‐density deer populations in forest , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9798/69 15 (unpubl.)
  • Sweetapple , P. J. and Fraser , K. W. 1997 . Assessment of red deer and possum kills during an aerial 1080 control operation in the Rangitoto Range , Landcare Research Contract Report LC9697/139 18 (unpubl.)
  • Tate , M. L. , Goosen , G. J. , Patene , H. , Pearse , A. J. , McEwan , K. M. and Fennessy , P. F. 1997 . Genetic analysis of Père David's x red deer interspecies hybrids. . The Journal of Heredity , 88 : 361 – 365 .
  • Tate , M. L. , Manly , H. C. , Emerson , B. C. and Fennessy , P. F. 1992 . Interspecies hybrids of deer ‐ a ruminant resource for gene mapping and quantitative trait studies. . Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production , 52 : 137 – 140 .
  • Tustin , K. 1998 . A wild moose chase , Dunedin, , New Zealand : Natural History Books .
  • van Mourik , S. and Stelmasiak , T. 1986 . Maternal behaviour and reproductive performance of fanned rusa deer. . Applied Animal Behaviour Science , 15 : 147 – 159 .
  • Wardle , D. A. , Barker , G. M. , Yeates , G. W. and Bonncr , K. I. 2000 . Of deer and detritivores . New Zealand Science Monthly , 11 (2) : 9 – 10 .
  • Wemmer , C. , Halverston , T. , Rodden , M. and Portillo , T. 1989 . The reproductive biology of female Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) . Zoo Biology , 8 : 49 – 55 .
  • Whitehead , K. C. 1993 . The Whitehead encyclopaedia of deer , Shrewsbury : Swan Hill Press .
  • Wilson , P. R. , McGhie , J. A. , Audige , L. J‐M. , Marshall , R. B. , Collins , E. J. , Wang , Q. and Alley , M. R. 1997 . Leptospirosis and the deer industry: Current knowledge and perspectives , Proceedings of a Deer Course for Veterinarians No. 14 197 – 205 . Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association .
  • Yerex , D. 1991 . Wapiti behind the wire: the role of wapiti in deer fanning in New Zealand , 62 New Zealand : GP Publications Wellington .
  • Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury. Email: [email protected]
  • Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury. Email: [email protected]
  • AgResearch, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, Otago. Email: [email protected]
  • 8 Totara St, Geraldine.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.