Past malaria, thalassemia and woman fertility in southern Italy

References

• ALLISON, A. C., 1956, The sickle cell and hemoglobin C genes in some African populations. Annals of Human Genetics, 21, 67–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALLISON, A. C., 1964, Polymorphism and natural selection in human populations. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, 29, 137–149.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BRANCATI, C., and TAGARELLI, A., 1982, Genotipi microcitemici (o talassemici) in Calabria. In La pre-venzione delle malattie microcitemiche, edited by I. Bianco and E. Silvestroni (Roma: Minerva Medica), 101–110.
   Google Scholar
• CAVALLI-SFORZ A, L. L., and BODMER, W. F., 1971, The genetics of human populations (Oxford: W.H. Freeman).
   Google Scholar
• CENTRO ANTIMALARICO PROVINCIALE DI CATANZ ARO, 1935, Carta Topomalarica della Provincia di Catanzaro.
   Google Scholar
• Clued', L., 1975, Sulla relazione tra feconditá e longevitá in alcune generazioni di donne italiane. Atti Societd Statistica Italiana, 28, 125–139.
   Google Scholar
• COLUZ Z I, M., and 00Lu z Z I, A., 1980, Rischio di una ripresa della trasmissione della malaria in Calabria e problemi connessi al controllo dei vettori. Rivista di Parassitologia, v. XLI, 2 (suppl.), 117–125.
   Google Scholar
• DACIE, J. V., and LEWIS, S. M., 1991, Practical Haematology, 7th edn (Edinburgh, London, New York: Churchill Livingstone).
   Google Scholar
• EZ EH, V. 0., and MODEBE, 0., 1996, Is there increased fertility in adult males with the sickle cell trait? Human Biology, 68, 555–562.
   Google Scholar
• FIRSCHEIN, I. L., 1961, Population dynamics of the sickle-cell trait in the Black Caribs of British Honduras. American Journal of Human Genetics, 13, 233–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FLINT, J., HILL, A. V. S., BOWED, D. K., OPPENHEIMER, S. J., SELL, P. R., SERJEANTSON, S. W., BANA - KOIRI, J., BHATIA, K., ALPERS, M. P., BOYCE, A. J., WEATHERALL, D. J., and CLEGG, J. B., 1986, High frequencies of a-thalassemia are the result of natural selection by malaria. Nature, 321, 744–750.
   Google Scholar
• HALDANE, J. B. S., 1949, Disease and evolution Ricerca ScientOca, 19 (supp), 3–10.
   Google Scholar
• HEER, D. M., 1966, Economic development and fertility. Demography, 3, 42311/14.
   Google Scholar
• HILL, A. V. S., ALLSOPP, C. E. M., KWIATKOWSKI, D., ANSTEY, N. M., TwumAsi, P., ROWE, P.A., BENNETT, S., BREWSTER, D., MCMICHAEL, A. J., and GREENWOOD, B. M., 1991, Common West African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria. Nature, 352, 595–600.
   Google Scholar
• IZZO, L., 1965, La popolazione calabrese nel secolo XIX Demografia ed Economia (Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane).
   Google Scholar
• LISA, A., ASTOLFI, P., DEGIOANNI, A., DI PASQUALE, C., and ZEI, G., 1994, Differential fertility as a mechanism maintaining balanced polymorphism in Sardinia. Human Biology, 66, 683–698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIVINGSTONE, F. B., 1971, Malaria and human polymorphisms. Annual Review Genetics, 5, 33–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIVINGSTONE, F. B., 1985, Frequencies of Hemoglobin Variants (Oxford: University Press).
   Google Scholar
• MADRIGA LL., 1989, Hemoglobin genotype, fertility, and the malaria hypothesis. Human Biology, 61, 311–325.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MC FALLS, J. A., and HARVEY-MC FALLS, M., 1984, Disease and fertility (Orlando: Academic Press). MILLER, L. H., 1994, Impact of malaria on genetic polymorphism and genetic diseases in Africans and African Americans. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, 91, 2415–2419.
   Google Scholar
• MISSIROLI, A., 1934, Lezioni sulla epidemiologia e profilassi della malaria (Roma: Armani).
   Google Scholar
• MOTULSKY, A. G., 1960, Metabolic polymorphisms and the role of infectious diseases in human evolution Human Biology, 32, 28–62.
   Google Scholar
• NAGEL, R. L., 1990, Innate resistance to malaria: the intraerythrocytic cycle. Blood Cells, 16, 321-339. NAGEL, R. L., and ROTH, E. F., 1989, Malaria and red cell genetic defects. Blood, 74, 1213–1221.
   Google Scholar
• PIAZZA A., MAYR, W. R., CONTU, L., AMOROSO, A., BORELLI, I., CURTONI, E. S., MARCELL°, C., MORONI, A., OLIVETTI, E., RICHIARDI, P., and CEPELLINI, R., 1985, Genetic and population structure of four Sardinian villages. Annals of Human Genetics, 49, 47–63.
   Google Scholar
• RUWENDE, C., KHOO,-YATES,ATES S. C., SNOW, R. w vS. N. R., KwIATKOWSKI, D., GUPTA, S., WARN, P., ALLSOPP, C. E. M., GILBERT, S. C., PESCHU, N., NEWBOLD, C. I., GREENWOOD, B. M., MARSH, K., and HILL, A. V. S., 1995, Natural selection of hemi- and heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency in Africa by resistence to severe malaria. Nature, 376, 246–249.
   Google Scholar
• SILVESTRONI, E., BIANCO, I., MONTALENTI, G., and SINISCALCO, M., 1950, Frequency of microcythaemia in some Italian districts. Nature, 165, 682–683.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SINISCALCO, M., BERNINI, L., FILIPPI, G., LATTE, B., MEERA KHAN, P., PIOMELLI, S., and RATTAZZI, M., 1966, Population genetics of hemoglobin variants, thalassaemia, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, with particular reference to the malaria hypothesis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 34, 379–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SINISCALCO, M., BERNINI, L., LATTE, B., and MOTULSKY, A. G., 1961, Favism and thalassaemia in Sardinia and their relationship to malaria. Nature, 190, 1179–1180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOKAL, R. R., and ROHLF F. J., 1981, Biometry, 2nd edn (New York: WE Freeman and Company). TAGARELLI, A., ANNESI, G., and BRANCATI, C., 1992, Studio della struttura demografica e matrimoniale della minoranza etnica Albanese della provincia di Cosenza. Antropologia Contemporanea, 15, 35–45.
   Google Scholar
• WILLCOX, M., BJORKMAN, A., and BROHULT, J., 1983, Falciparum malaria and J3-thalassemia trait in northern Liberia. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 77, 335–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILLIAMS, T. N., MAITLAND, K., BENNETT, S., GANCZAKOWSKI, M., PETO, T. E. A., NEWBOLD, C. I., BOWDEN, D. K., WEATHERALL, D. J., and CLEGG, J. B., 1996, High incidence of malaria in a-thalassemic children. Nature, 383, 522–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZANGARI, D., 1941, Le colonie italo-albanesi di Calabria, storia e demografia. Secoli XV-XIX (Napoli: Casella).
   Google Scholar
• ZEI, G., and CAVALLI-SFORZ A, L. L., 1977, Education and birth control. Genus, XXXII', 15–42.
   Google Scholar
• ZEI, G., LISA, A., and ASTOLFI, P., 1990, Fertility and malaria in Sardinia. Annals of Human Biology, 17, 315–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar