Application of vibration and sound signals in monitoring iron and steelmaking processes

References

• Iida Y, Emoto K, Ogawa M, et al. Fully automatic blowing technique for basic oxygen steelmaking furnace. Trans Iron Steel Inst Jpn. 1984;24(7):540–546.
   Google Scholar
• Kemeny FL, Walker D, Jones J. Accurate argon stirring in the ladle by vibration measurement. 58 th Electric Furnace Conference and 17 th Process Technology Conference. 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Kemeny FL, Walker DI, Jones JA. Process for controlling the stirring energy delivered by a gas flowing through a liquid. Google Patents; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Yenus J, Brooks G, Dunn M. Multivariate analysis of ladle vibration. Metall Mater Trans B 2016;47(4):2681–2689. doi:10.1007/s11663-016-0707-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yenus J, Brooks G, Dunn M. Vibration analysis in ladle metallurgy. Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress 2015: APCChE 2015, incorporating CHEMECA 2015; 2015: Engineers Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Brämming M, Millman S, Overbosch A, et al. BOS vessel vibration measurement for foam level detection. ISIJ Int. 2011;51(1):71–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabritius T, Kurkinen P, Mure P, et al. Vibration of argon–oxygen decarburisation vessel during gas injection. Ironmak Steelmak 2005;32(2):113–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Leary KE. The accelerometer as an end-point control sensor for the basic oxygen steelmaking process. Montreal: McGill; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Serov YV, Fedulov YV, Marsuverskii B, et al. Use of automatic vibrometers for technical diagnosis of blast-furnace malfunctions. Metallurgist. 1985;29(7):219–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yenus J, Brooks G, Dunn M, et al. Study of low flow rate ladle bottom gas stirring using triaxial vibration signals. Metall Mater Trans B 49:1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mobley RK, Mobley RK. Vibration fundamentals. Boston: Elsevier Science; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Singiresu SR. Mechanical vibrations. 5th ed. MIAMI: Prentice Hall; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson WT, Dahleh MD. Theory of vibration with application. 5th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Norton MP. Fundamentals of noise and vibration analysis for engineers. In: Karczub DG, editor. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Randall RB. Vibration signature analysis-techniques and instrumentations. 1974:15.
   Google Scholar
• Burty M, Pussé C, Bertoletti C, et al. Kettlor: efficient stirring in ladle metallurgy. Rev Métall. 2006;103(11):493–499.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burty M, Pussé C, Sheng D, et al. Development of advanced methods for the control of ladle stirring process. EUR. 2007;22988:1–139.
   Google Scholar
• Castellini P, Martarelli M, Tomasini EP. Laser Doppler vibrometry: development of advanced solutions answering to technology's needs. Mech Syst Signal Process. 2006;20(6):1265-1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.11.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansmann M, Siegmund G, Pineda M. Targeting the limits of laser Doppler vibrometry. Proc IDEMA. 2005: 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Licht MSaTR. Piezoelectric accelerometers and vibration preamplifiers-theory and application handbook. Denmark: K.larsen & sonA/s; 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Yenus J, Brooks G, Dunn M. Cold model study of acoustic signals from gas stirred ladles 2018. p. 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Rossing TD. MFRaWPA. The sceince of sound. 3rd ed. San Francisco: Addison Wesley; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Xu BX. Analysis of bubble flow in metallurgical operations using multivariate statistical technique. Melbourne: Swinburne University of Technology; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Fahy F. Foundation of engineering acoustics. 4th ed. London: Elsevier Acadamic press; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Crocker MJ. Handbook of acoustics. New York: A Wiley-Interscience Publication; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Mommertz E. Detail practice-acoustics and sound insulation. 1st ed. Munich: Architetur-Dockumentaio GmbH; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Strasberg M. Gas bubbles as sources of sound in liquids. J Acoust Soc Am 1956;28(1):20–26. doi:10.1121/1.1908212 PubMed PMID: WOS:A1956WK50800003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manasseh R, Riboux G, Bui A, et al. Sound emission on bubble coalescence: imaging, acoustic and numerical experiment. 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference (AFMC); 2007: School of Engineering, The University of Queensland.
   Google Scholar
• Manasseh R, Riboux G, Risso F. Sound generation on bubble coalescence following detachment. Int J Multiphase Flow. 2008;34(10):938-949. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2008.03.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang CC, Ko CH, Shiau JS, et al. Development of monitoring and Diagnosis Technologies for steel-making process in CSC. Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT), 2014 International Symposium on 2014. IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• NationalInstruments. Measuring sound with microphones USA: National Instrument 2016 [cited 2018 28/04/18]. Available from: http://www.ni.com/white-paper/14349/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Blake RE. Basic vibration theory. In: Piersol AG, Paez TL, Harris CM, editors. Harris’ shock and vibration handbook. 6 edn. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2010. p. 38–70.
   Google Scholar
• Rencher AC. Methods of multivariate analysis. In: Christensen WF, editor. 3rd ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Brito Palma L, Vieira Coito F, Sousa Gil P, et al. Process control based on PCA models. Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2010 IEEE Conference on; 2010: IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Liu X, Chen X, Wu W, et al. Process control based on principal component analysis for maize drying. Food Control. 2006;17(11):894–899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhr DD. Principal component analysis vs. exploratory factor analysis. SUGI 30 Proceedings. 2005:203-30.
   Google Scholar
• Abdi H, Williams LJ. Principal component analysis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev. 2010;2(4):433–459.
   Google Scholar
• Hsu KL, Gupta HV, Sorooshian S. Artificial neural network modeling of the rainfall-runoff process. Water Resour Res 1995;31(10):2517–2530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu JV. Advantages and disadvantages of using artificial neural networks versus logistic regression for predicting medical outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49(11):1225-1231. doi:http://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(96)00002-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motta RS, Bortoni EC, Souza LE. Hot blast flow measurement in blast furnace in straight pipe. Mod. Instrumen. 2013;2(04):68–673.
   Google Scholar
• Borts Y, Lebed P, Nozdran A, et al. Use of acoustic measurements to diagnose blast furnace working. Steel USSR. 1989;19(3):97–100.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang X, McLean A, Sommerville I. Potential Applications of Acoustic Techniques in Iron and Steelmaking Operations. Steelmaking Conference Proceedings. 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Evestedt M, Medvedev A. Model-based slopping warning in the LD steel converter process. J Process Control. 2009;19(6):1000–1010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baptizmanskii V, Zarvin EY, Okhotskii V, et al. Monitoring and control in basic oxygen steelmaking. STEEL IN THE USSR. 1981;11(2):70–72.
   Google Scholar
• Kumakura M. Advances in Steel Refining Technology and Future Prospects. Nippon Steel Technical Report. 2013;104:5–12.
   Google Scholar
• McLEAN A. Sensor aided process control in iron and steelmaking. Solid State Ion 1990;40:737–742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabah S, Brooks G. Study of cavity modes in BOF by analysis of sound. Ironmak Steelmak 2016;43(6):473–480. doi:10.1080/03019233.2015.1113755.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks G. Advances in ladle metallurgy control. Ladle and tundish metallurgy: as held at the 41 st Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM (COM 2002); 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Xu X, Brooks GA, Yang W. Online analysis of stirring processes in ladle metallurgy. Metall Mater Trans B 2010;41(5):1025–1032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuriy K, David K, Iluya K, et al. Application of vibroacoustic monitoring technique on a ladle furnace unit during steel treatment. METAL 2007: 16 th International Metallurgical and Materials Conference. 2007.
   Google Scholar
• McLean A. The science and technology of steelmaking – measurements, models, and manufacturing. Metall Mater Trans B. 2006;37(3):319–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostetskii Y, Kvasov I, Degtyarenko I, et al. Control and management of the out-of-furnace treatment of metal using ladle vibrations. Russian Metallurgy (Metally). 2009;2009(7):595-597. doi:10.1134/S0036029509070088.
   Google Scholar
• Minion R, Leckie C, Legeard K, et al. Improved ladle stirring using vibration technology at Stelco Hilton works. Iron Steelmaker. 1998;25(7):25–31.
   Google Scholar
• Mucciardi F. Monitoring liquid-gas interactions with an accelerometer. Can Metall Q 1987;26(4):351–357. doi:10.1179/cmq.1987.26.4.351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behera N, Wohaishi A, Subramanian R, et al., editors. Optimization of Argon Stirring at Hadeed Ladle Furnace by Application of Trustir Technology. AISTech Conference 2014; 2014; USA: AIST.
   Google Scholar
• Min DR, Jung CH, Kim KY, et al. Secondary refining optimization by applying Ar-gas bottom bubbling auto-control system. Vol. 2. 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Burty M, Pusse C, Wetta P, et al. Method for controlling a molten metal bath bubbling in a metallurgical vessel and a device for carrying out said method. Google Patents; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Pylvänäinen M, Visuri V-V, Liedes T, et al. Vibration-based assessment of gas stirring intensity in ladle treatments.
   Google Scholar
• Tan D-p, Zhang L-b. A WP-based nonlinear vibration sensing method for invisible liquid steel slag detection. Sens Actuators B, Chem 2014;202:1257–1269. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2014.06.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen D, Xiao H, Ji Q. Vibration style ladle slag detection method based on discrete wavelet decomposition. Control and Decision Conference (2014 CCDC), The 26th Chinese; 2014: IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• McLean A. The Turbulent Tundish--Contaminator or Refiner? 71 st Steelmaking Conference; 1988.
   Google Scholar