References
- Yantai Sheng F. Process for effectively removing slag from molten iron and apparatus therefor. European Patent, EP 1702 992 B1. 2013.
- Ng KW, Harris R. Fluid slag skimming from steel ladles. ISIJ Int. 2001;41(5):422–425.
- Helmut Kobusch D-M, Gruner J, Arnold Pfeiffer, D-H. Slag retaining device for use during tapping of converters. United States Patent No. 3,459,209. 1969.
- Chakraborty B, Sinha BK. BOF slag detection using long wave IR camera. In: InfraMation 2009 Proceedings, vol. 10; 2009. p. 13–18.
- Zimiao Z, Bin L, Jiang Y. Slag detection system based on infrared temperature measurement. Optik (Stuttg). 2014;125:1412–1416. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.08.016.
- AMETEK Land. Process and analytical instruments. Available from: https://www.ametek-land.com/products/ir-thermal-imagers-and-line-scanners/sds-slag-detection-system [accessed 2020 Nov 26].
- Automation Technology. Thermal imaging system for slag detection. Available from: https://www.automationtechnology.de/cms/en/thermal-imaging-system-for-slag-detection/ [accessed 2020 Nov 26].
- Infratec. Automatic slag detection in steel production - SLAG DETECT. Available from: https://www.infratec.in/thermography/steel-production/slag-detect/ [accessed 2020 Nov 26].
- Zhang J, Liu Q, Yang S, et al. Advances in ladle shroud as a functional device in tundish metallurgy: a review. ISIJ Int. 2019;59(7):1167–1177.
- Kim TS, Holappa L, Park JH. Influence of calcium aluminate flux on reoxidation behavior of molten steel during continuous casting process. J Ironmak Steelmak Process Prod Appl. 2020;47(1):84–92.
- Kemeny FL, Walker DI. Slag detector for molten steel transfer operation. United States Patent No. US6929773 B2. 2005.
- Takács G, Ondrejkovič K, Hulkó G. A low-cost non-invasive slag detection system for continuous casting. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 2017;50:438–445.
- Da-peng Tan L-b. A WP-based nonlinear vibration sensing method for invisible liquid steel slag detection. Sens Actuat B. 2014;202:1257–1269.
- Guvenc MA, Kapusuz H, Miskoglu S. Experimental study on accelerometer-based ladle slag detection in continuous casting process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2020;106:2983–2993. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04830-8.
- Tan D, Li P, Pan X. Application of improved HMM algorithm in slag detection system. J Iron Steel Res Int. 2009;16:1–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(09)60001-7.
- Chakraborty B, Sinha BK. Development of caster slag detection through imaging technique. Int J Instrum Technol. 2011;1(1):84–91.
- Chakraborty B, Sinha BK. Process-integrated steel ladle monitoring based on infrared imaging - a robust approach to avoid ladle breakout. Quant Infrared Thermogr J. 2020;17(3):169–191. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2019.1639112.
- Axis Communication. CCD and CMOS sensor technology - Technical White Paper. Available from: www.axis.com wp_ccd_cmos_40722_en_1010_lo.pdf [accessed 2020 Nov 26].
- GigE cameras for traffic and high impact applications. Available from: https://www.phase1vision.com/cameras/gige-cameras [accessed 2020 Nov 26].
- Chamberlain G. GigE vision: standard route to video over IP. Available from: https://iebmedia.com/index.php?id=5106&parentid=63&themeid=255&showdetail=true [accessed 2020 Nov 26].
- Progressivescan. Available from: http://www.optique-ingenieur.org/en/courses/OPI_ang_M05_C06/co/Contenu_10.html [accessed 2020 Nov 26].
- Measure Gray Scale Statistics. Available from: https://zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/370281AG-01/nivisionlvbasics/measure_grayscale_statistics/ [accessed 2020 Nov 26].
- Mazzaferro GM, Piva M, Ferro SP, et al. Experimental and numerical analysis of ladle teeming process. Ironmak Steelmak. 2004;31(6):1–6.
- Chatterjee S, Chattopadhyay K, Li D. Modeling of liquid steel/slag/argon gas multiphase flow during tundish open eye formation in a two-strand tundish. Metall Mater Trans B. 2018;49:756–766.
- Chatterjee S, Li D, Leung J, et al. Open eye formation in a slab caster tundish: cause and effects. European Continuous Casting Conference; Vienna. Austria; June 2017.