Key questions on the evolution and biogeography of New Zealand alpine insects

References

• Addo-Bediako A, Chown SL, Gaston KJ. 2001. Revisiting water loss in insects: a large scale view. Journal of Insect Physiology. 47(12):1377–1388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Addo-Bediako A, Chown SL, Gaston KJ. 2002. Metabolic cold adaptation in insects: a large-scale perspective. Functional Ecology. 16(3):332–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker PF, Filippelli GM, Florindo F, Martin EE, Scher HD. 2007. Onset and role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography. 54(21-22):2388–2398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barratt BIP. 2007. Conservation status of Prodontria (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) species in New Zealand. Journal of Insect Conservation. 11(1):19–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barratt BIP, Patrick BH. 1987. Insects of snow tussock grassland on the East Otago Plateau. New Zealand Entomologist. 10:69–98.
   Google Scholar
• Barratt BIP, Kuschel G. 1996. Broad-nosed weevils (Curculionidae: Brachycerinae: Entimini) of the Lammermoor and Rock and Pillar Ranges in Otago, with descriptions of four new species of Irenimus. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 23(4):359–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batt GE, Braun J, Kohn BP, McDougall I. 2000. Thermochronological analysis of the dynamics of the Southern Alps, New Zealand. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 112(2):250–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann S, Anderson B, Chinn T, Mackintosh A, Collier C, Lorrey AM, Rack W, Purdie H, Eaves S. 2021. Updated inventory of glacier ice in New Zealand based on 2016 satellite imagery. Journal of Glaciology. 67(261):13–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell TP, Patterson GB. 2008. A rare alpine skink Oligosoma pikitanga n. sp (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Llawrenny Peaks, Fiordland, New Zealand. Zootaxa. 1882: 57–68.
   Google Scholar
• Bigelow RS. 1967. The grasshoppers (Acrididae) of New Zealand. University of Canterbury Publications 9: 1–111.
   Google Scholar
• Block W, Wharton DA, Sinclair BJ. 1998. Cold tolerance of a New Zealand alpine cockroach, Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (Dictyoptera, Blattidae). Physiological Entomology. 23(1):1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boothroyd I, Cranston P. 1999. The ‘ice worm’ – the immature stages, phylogeny and biology of the glacier midge Zelandochlus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Aquatic Insects. 21(4):303–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook MS, Brock BW. 2005. Valley morphology and glaciation in the Tararua Range, southern North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 48(4):717–724.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown SDJ. 2017. Austromonticola, a new genus of broad-nosed weevil (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from montane areas of New Zealand. Zookeys. 707:73–130.
   Google Scholar
• Brown SDJ, Leschen RAB. 2018. Kuschelysius, a new Alpine genus of Eugnomine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) from New Zealand. Diversity-Basel. 10:3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley TR, Lord NP, Ramon-Laca A, Allwood JS, Leschen RAB. 2020. Multiple lineages of hyper-diverse Zopheridae beetles survived the New Zealand Oligocene Drowning. Journal of Biogeography. 47(4):927–940.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley TR, Simon C. 2007. Evolutionary radiation of the cicada genus Maoricicada Dugdale (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) and the origins of the New Zealand alpine biota. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 91(3):419–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley TR, Simon C, Chambers GK. 2001. Phylogeography of the New Zealand cicada Maoricicada campbelli based on mitochondrial DNA sequences: ancient clades associated with cenozoic environmental change. Evolution. 55(7):1395–1407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulgarella M, Trewick SA, Godfrey AJR, Sinclair BJ, Morgan-Richards M. 2015. Elevational variation in adult body size and growth rate but not in metabolic rate in the tree weta Hemideina crassidens. Journal of Insect Physiology. 75:30–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell DR, Bischoff M, Lord JM, Robertson AW. 2010. Flower color influences insect visitation in alpine New Zealand. Ecology. 91(9):2638–2649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinn WG, Gemmell NJ. 2004. Adaptive radiation within New Zealand endemic species of the cockroach genus Celatoblatta Johns (Blattidae): a response to Plio-Pleistocene mountain building and climate change. Molecular Ecology. 13(6):1507–1518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinn WGH, Chinn TJH. 2020. Tracking the snow line: responses to climate change by New Zealand alpine invertebrates. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research. 52(1):361–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke DJ. 2011. A revision of the New Zealand endemic Rove Beetle Genus Agnosthaetus Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Coleopterists Bulletin. 65(4):1–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke DJ. 2018. Systematics, natural history, and evolution of the saw-lipped rove beetles (Euaesthetinae): progress and prospects for future research. In: Betz O, Irmler U, Klimaszewski J, editor. Biology of Rove Beetles (Staphylinidae). Cham: Springer; p. 81–114.
   Google Scholar
• Connolly S, Ward D. 2020. Utilising museum data for comparative analysis of threatened insect species. Journal of Insect Conservation. 24(5):793–804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowley DR. 1978. Studies on the larvae of New Zealand Trichoptera. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 5(4):639–750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig DA, Craig REG, Crosby TK. 2012. Simulidae (Insecta: Diptera). Fauna of New Zealand. 68:1–336.
   Google Scholar
• Craw D, King TM, McCulloch GA, Upton P, Waters JM. 2019. Biological evidence constraining river drainage evolution across a subduction-transcurrent plate boundary transition, New Zealand. Geomorphology. 336:119–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craw RC. 1999. Molytini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae). Christchurch: Manaaki Whenua Press.
   Google Scholar
• Delgado JA, Palma RL. 2010. A revision of the genus Podaena Ordish (Insecta: Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa. 2678:1–47.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis AB, Dunning LT, Dennis CJ, Sinclair BJ, Buckley TR. 2014. Overwintering in New Zealand stick insects. New Zealand Entomologist. 37(1):35–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis AB, Dunning LT, Sinclair BJ, Buckley TR. 2015. Parallel molecular routes to cold adaptation in eight genera of New Zealand stick insects. Scientific Reports 5.
   Google Scholar
• Denton GH, Putnam AE, Russell JL, Barrell DJA, Schaefer JM, Kaplan MR, Strand PD. 2021. The Zealandia Switch: Ice age climate shifts viewed from Southern Hemisphere moraines. Quaternary Science Reviews. 257:106771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dieffenbacher-Krall AC, Vandergoesa MJ, Denton GH. 2007. An inference model for mean summer air temperatures in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, using subfossil chironomids. Quaternary Science Reviews. 26(19–21):2487–2504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon ME, Frazier MR, Dudley R. 2006. Into thin air: physiology and evolution of alpine insects. Integrative and Comparative Biology. 46(1):49–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donner H, Wilkinson C. 1989. Nepticulidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Fauna of New Zealand. 16:1–92.
   Google Scholar
• Dugdale JS. 1966. A revision of New Zealand Schoenotenini and Cnephasiini (Lepidoptera – Tortricidae – Tortricinae). New Zealand Journal of Science. 9(4):731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugdale JS. 1969. A classification of New Zealand Genera of Tachinidae (Diptera – Cyclorrhapha). New Zealand Journal of Science. 12(3):606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugdale JS. 1975. Alpine moths. In: Knox R, editor. New Zealand’s nature heritage. Auckland: Hamlyn; p. 1526–1531.
   Google Scholar
• Dugdale JS. 1979. New generic name for the New-Zealand species previously assigned to Simaethis-Auctorum (Lepidoptera, Choreutidae), with description of a new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 6(3):461–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugdale JS. 1988. Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family group taxa. Fauna of New Zealand. 14:1–262.
   Google Scholar
• Dugdale JS. 1994. Hepialidae. Fauna of New Zealand. 30:1–164.
   Google Scholar
• Dugdale JS, Fleming CA. 1978. New Zealand cicadas of genus Maoricicada (Homoptera: Tibicinidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 5(2):295–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning LT, Dennis AB, Sinclair BJ, Newcomb RD, Buckley TR. 2014. Divergent transcriptional responses to low temperature among populations of alpine and lowland species of New Zealand stick insects (Micrarchus). Molecular Ecology. 23(11):2712–2726.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning LT, Dennis AB, Thomson G, Sinclair BJ, Newcomb RD, Buckley TR. 2013. Positive selection in glycolysis among Australasian stick insects. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13:215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dymond JR, Shepherd JD, Newsome PF, Belliss S. 2017. Estimating change in areas of indigenous vegetation cover in New Zealand from the New Zealand Land Cover Database (LCDB). New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 41(1):56–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaves SR, Brook MS. 2021. Glaciers and glaciation of North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 64(1):1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis EA, Marshall DC, Hill KBR, Owen CL, Kamp PJJ, Simon C. 2015. Phylogeography of six codistributed New Zealand cicadas and their relationship to multiple biogeographical boundaries suggest a re-evaluation of the Taupo Line. Journal of Biogeography. 42(9):1761–1775.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson BC, Wallis GP. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of the Prodontria (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae; subfamily Melolonthinae), derived from sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 4(4):433–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans AM, Peralta G, van Beest FM, Klijzing K, Peltzer DA. 2021. Invertebrate communities in adjacent Douglas fir and native beech forests in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 45:2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzsimons JJ, Veit H. 2001. Geology and geomorphology of the European Alps and the Southern Alps of New Zealand – a comparison. Mountain Research and Development. 21(4):340–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming CA. 1971. New species of cicada from rock fans in southern Wellington, with a review of 3 species with similar songs and habitat. New Zealand Journal of Science. 14(3):443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontaine B, Perrard A, Bouchet P. 2012. 21 years of shelf life between discovery and description of new species. Current Biology. 22(22):R943–R944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster BJ, McCulloch GA, Waters JM. 2020. Zelandoperla maungatuaensis sp. n. (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae), a new flightless stonefly species from Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 47(2):141–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fountain ED, Wiseman BH, Cruickshank RH, Paterson AM. 2013. The ecology and conservation of Hadramphus tuberculatus (Pascoe 1877) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae). Journal of Insect Conservation. 17(4):737–745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs GW. 1980. New Zealand butterflies: identification and natural history. Auckland: Williams Collins Publishers Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs GW. 1998. Why are some weta (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae) vulnerable yet others are common? Journal of Insect Conservation. 2(3-4):161–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs GW. 2006. Ghosts of Gondwana. Nelson: Craig Potton Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Giejsztowt J, Classen AT, Deslippe JR. 2020. Climate change and invasion may synergistically affect native plant reproduction. Ecology. 101:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Given BB. 1960a. The Melolonthinae (Coleoptera) of New Zealand: descriptions of new species, notes on types, and a catalogue. New Zealand Journal of Science. 3:363–381.
   Google Scholar
• Given BB. 1960b. A revision of the Melolonthinae of New Zealand. Part 1: the adult beetles. Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Science, Industry and Research. 102:54–59.
   Google Scholar
• Golledge NR, Mackintosh AN, Anderson BM, Buckley KM, Doughty AM, Barrell DJA, Denton GH, Vandergoes MJ, Andersen BG, Schaefer JM. 2012. Last glacial maximum climate in New Zealand inferred from a modelled Southern Alps icefield. Quaternary Science Reviews. 46:30–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon DP. 2009. New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume two. Kingdom Animalia. Chaetognatha, Ecdysozoa, Ichnofossils. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press. 528 p.
   Google Scholar
• Halloy SRP, Mark AF. 2003. Climate-change effects on alpine plant biodiversity: a New Zealand perspective on quantifying the threat. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research. 35(2):248–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawes TC. 2011. Mating behavior in the Alpine Tiger Moth, Metacrias huttoni. Journal of Insect Behavior. 24(1):22–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawes TC, Wharton DA. 2011. Freeze fitness in alpine Tiger moth caterpillars and their parasitoids. Oecologia. 167(1):39–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath JE, Heath MS, Sanborn AF. 2022. Cold cicadas and hot rocks: thermal responses and thermoregulation in some New Zealand cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Cicadettini). Journal of Thermal Biology. 107:103273.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heenan PB, McGlone MS. 2013. Evolution of New Zealand alpine and open-habitat plant species during the late Cenozoic. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 37(1):105–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegg D, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. 2022. High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave weta genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies. European Journal of Taxonomy. 808:1–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson RD, Thompson SM. 1999. Extreme rainfalls in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Journal of Hydrology. 38(2):309–330.
   Google Scholar
• Hoare RJB. 2019. Noctuinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Part 2, Nivetica, Ichneutica. Fauna of New Zealand. 80:1–455.
   Google Scholar
• Hoare RJB, Millar IR, Richardson SJ. 2016. The insect fauna of granite sand plains: a naturally rare ecosystem in New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist. 39(1):1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughey KFD, Hickling GJ. 2006. Ecologically based policy evaluation: application to ungulate management in New Zealand. Environmental Science & Policy. 9(7-8):639–651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James WHM, Carrivick JL, Quincey DJ, Glasser NF. 2019. A geomorphology based reconstruction of ice volume distribution at the Last Glacial Maximum across the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Quaternary Science Reviews. 219:20–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiao R, Herman F, Seward D. 2017. Late Cenozoic exhumation model of New Zealand: impacts from tectonics and climate. Earth-Science Reviews. 166:286–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johns P. 1966. The cockroaches of New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum. 8:93–136.
   Google Scholar
• Kalmus H. 1941. The resistance to desiccation of Drosophila mutants affecting body colour. Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Science. 130:185–201.
   Google Scholar
• Kamp PJJ. 1986. The mid-cenozoic challenger rift system of western New-Zealand and its implications for the age of alpine fault inception. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 97(3):255–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamp PJJ, Green PF, White SH. 1989. Fission-track analysis reveals character of collisional tectonics in New-Zealand. Tectonics. 8(2):169–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keegan LJ, White RSA, Macinnis-Ng C. 2022. Current knowledge and potential impacts of climate change on New Zealand’s biological heritage. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 46:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennett JP. 1986. Miocene to Early Pliocene oxygen and carbon isotope stratigraphy in the southwest pacific, deep-sea drilling project Leg 90. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. 90:1383–1411.
   Google Scholar
• King KJ, Sinclair BJ. 2015. Water loss in tree weta (Hemideina): adaptation to the montane environment and a test of the melanisation–desiccation resistance hypothesis. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 218:1995–2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingsolver JG. 2009. The well-temperatured biologist. American Naturalist. 174(6):755–768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimaszewski J, Newton AF, Thayer MK. 1996. A review of the New Zealand rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 23(2):143–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimaszewski J, Watt JC. 1997. Coleoptera: family-group review and keys to identification. Fauna of New Zealand. 37:1–199.
   Google Scholar
• Kolesik P, Sarfati MS, Brockerhoff EG, Kelly D. 2007. Description of Eucalyptodiplosis chionochloae sp nov, a cecidomyiid feeding on inflorescences of Chionochloa (Poaceae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 34(2):107–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. 2020. An alpine grasshopper radiation older than the mountains, on Ka Tiritiri o te Moana (Southern Alps) of Aotearoa (New Zealand). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 147:106783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. 2022. Climate change and alpine adapted insects: modelling environmental envelopes of a grasshopper radiation. Royal Society Open Science. 9:211596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroos GC, Waters JM, McCulloch GK. 2021. Does assortative mating contribute to reproductive isolation among sympatric ecotypes of the wing-dimorphic stonefly Zelandoperla fenestrata (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae)? Austral Entomology. 60(3):571–577.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuschel G. 1987. The subfamily Molytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): general notes and descriptions of new taxa from New Zealand and Chile. New Zealand Entomologist. 9(1):11–29.
   Google Scholar
• Larochelle A, Larivière MC. 2015. Synopsis of the genus Bembidion Latreille in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini). Insecta Mundi. 0415:1–78.
   Google Scholar
• Larochelle A, Larivière MC. 2017. Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Insecta Mundi. 0594:1–110.
   Google Scholar
• Larochelle A, Larivière MC. 2021. Synopsis of the tribe Platynini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Insecta Mundi. 0864:1–96.
   Google Scholar
• Lee DE, Lee WG, Mortimer N. 2001. Where and why have all the flowers gone? Depletion and turnover in the New Zealand Cenozoic angiosperm flora in relation to palaeogeography and climate. Australian Journal of Botany. 49(3):341–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leihy RI, Chown SL. 2020. Wind plays a major but not exclusive role in the prevalence of insect flight loss on remote islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 287:20202121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leschen RAB. 2003. Erotylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cucujoidea): phylogeny and review. Fauna of New Zealand. 47:1–108.
   Google Scholar
• Leschen RAB, Buckley TR. 2015. Revision and phylogeny of Syrphetodes (Coleoptera: Ulodidae): implications for biogeography, alpinization and conservation. Systematic Entomology. 40(1):143–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leschen RA, Reid CA, Nadein KS. 2020. Generic review of New Zealand Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Zootaxa. 4740(1):1–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd KM, Lee WG, Walker S. 2006. Takahe Valley Hut: a focal point for weed invasion in an isolated area of Fiordland National Park, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 30(3):371–375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark AF, Dickinson KJM, Hofstede RGM. 2000. Alpine vegetation, plant distribution, life forms, and environments in a perhumid New Zealand region: oceanic and tropical high mountain affinities. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research. 32(3):240–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marris J, Hawke D, Glenny D. 2019. Stable isotope analysis reveals a New Zealand alpine beetle’s lichen diet. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 100(3):e01571.
   Google Scholar
• McCulloch GA, Foster BJ, Dutoit L, Harrop TWR, Guhlin J, Dearden PK, Waters JM. 2021. Genomics reveals widespread ecological speciation in flightless insects. Systemic Biology. 70(5):863–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch GA, Foster BJ, Ingram T, Waters JM. 2019a. Insect wing loss is tightly linked to the treeline: evidence from a diverse stonefly assemblage. Ecography. 42(4):811–813.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch GA, Oliphant A, Dearden PK, Veale AJ, Ellen CW, Waters JM. 2019b. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of a wing-dimorphic stonefly reveals candidate wing loss genes. Evodevo. 10:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch GA, Waters JM. 2018a. Testing for seasonality in alpine streams: How does altitude affect freshwater insect life cycles? Freshwater Biology. 63(5):483–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch GA, Waters JM. 2018b. Does wing reduction influence the relationship between altitude and insect body size? A case study using New Zealand’s diverse stonefly fauna. Ecology and Evolution. 8(2):953–960.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlone MS. 1985. Plant biogeography and the Late Cenozoic History of New-Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 23(4):723–749.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlone MS, Neall VE, Clarkson BD. 1988. The effect of recent volcanic events and climatic changes on the vegetation of Mt Egmont (Mt Taranaki), New-Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 26(1):123–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan ID. 1975. The freshwater insects. In: Kuschel G, editor. Biogeography and ecology in New Zealand. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk, Publishers; p. 537–559.
   Google Scholar
• McLellan ID. 1977. New alpine and southern Plecoptera from New Zealand, and a new classification of the Gripopterygidae. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 4:119–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minoshima YN, Seidel M, Wood JR, Leschen RAB, Gunter NL, Fikacek M. 2018. Morphology and biology of the flower-visiting water scavenger beetle genus Rygmodus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Entomological Science. 21(4):363–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan-Richards M, Gibbs GW. 1996. Colour, allozyme and karyotype variation show little concordance in the New Zealand giant scree weta Deinacrida connectens (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Hereditas. 125(2-3):265–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan-Richards M, Gibbs GW. 2001. A phylogenetic analysis of New Zealand giant and tree weta (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae : Deinacrida and Hemideina) using morphological and genetic characters. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 15(1):1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Morris M. 1989. Evidence for diapause in indiginous New Zealand insects. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 16:431–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Donnell CFJ, Weston KA, Monks JM. 2017. Impacts of introduced mammalian predators on New Zealand’s alpine fauna. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 41(1):1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill SB, Buckley TR, Jewell TR, Ritchie PA. 2009. Phylogeographic history of the New Zealand stick insect Niveaphasma annulata (Phasmatodea) estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear loci. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53(2):523–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ordish RG. 1966. A systematic revision of the New Zealand water beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Records of the Dominon Museum. 5(22):217–264.
   Google Scholar
• Ordish RG. 1984. Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Fauna of New Zealand. 6:1–56.
   Google Scholar
• Paler K, Monks A, Leschen RAB, Ward DF. 2021. Determining species diversity and functional traits of beetles for monitoring the effects of environmental change in the New Zealand alpine zone. Ecological Indicators. 121:107100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkes JP, Forsyth DM. 2008. Interspecific and seasonal dietary differences of Himalayan thar, chamois and brushtail possums in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 32(1):46–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick B. 1982. Lepidoptera of Danseys Pass, Otago. New Zealand Entomologist. 7(3):332–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrick BH. 1989. Survey of Lepidoptera at Tara Hills Research Station. New Zealand Entomologist. 12:42–48.
   Google Scholar
• Patrick BH, Lyford BM, Ward JB, Barratt BIP. 1992. Lepidoptera and other insects of the Rastus Burn Basin, the Remarkables, Otago. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 22(4):265–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittari A, Prentice ML, McLeod OE, Zadeh EY, Kamp PJJ, Danisik M, Vincent KA. 2021. Inception of the modern North Island (New Zealand) volcanic setting: spatio-temporal patterns of volcanism between 3.0 to 0.9 Ma. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 64(2-3):250–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prebble JG, Reichgelt T, Mildenhall DC, Greenwood DR, Raine JI, Kennedy EM, Seebeck HC. 2017. Terrestrial climate evolution in the Southwest Pacific over the past 30 million years. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 459:136–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primack RB. 1983. Insect pollination in the New-Zealand mountain flora. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 21(3):317–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramlov H, Bedford J, Leader J. 1992. Freezing tolerance of the New Zealand Alpine Weta, Hemideina maori Hutton [Orthoptera, Stenopelmatidae]. Journal of Thermal Biology. 17(1):51–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees ABH, Holt KA, Hinojosa JL, Newnham RM, Eaves S, Vandergoes MJ, Sessions AL, Wilmshurst JM. 2021. Duelling narratives of chironomids and pollen explain climate enigmas during the Last Glacial-Interglacial transition in North Island New Zealand. Quaternary Science Reviews. 263:106997.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts RM. 1977. Overwintering strategies in New Zealand insects. Tuatara. 23:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Schellart WP, Lister GS, Toy VG. 2006. A Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic reconstruction of the Southwest Pacific region: tectonics controlled by subduction and slab rollback processes. Earth-Science Reviews. 76(3-4):191–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seago AE, Leschen RAB, Newton AF. 2015. Two new high altitude genera of Camiarini (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Camiarinae) from Australia and New Zealand. Zootaxa. 3957(3):300–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seward D, Nathan S. 1990. Uplift history of South Westland using the fission-track dating technique. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 33(2):201–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair BJ. 1997. Seasonal variation in freezing tolerance of the New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata. Ecological Entomology. 22(4):462–467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair BJ. 2000. Water relations of the freeze-tolerant New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (Dictyoptera: Blattidae). Journal of Insect Physiology. 46(6):869–876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair BJ, Chown SL. 2005. Climatic variability and hemispheric differences in insect cold tolerance: support from Southern Africa. Functional Ecology. 19(2):214–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair BJ, Lord JM, Thompson CM. 2001. Microhabitat selection and seasonality of alpine invertebrates. Pedobiologia. 45(2):107–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair BJ, Vernon P, Klok CJ, Chown SL. 2003. Insects at low temperatures: an ecological perspective. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 18(5):257–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair BJ, Wharton DA. 1997. Avoidance of intracellular freezing by the freezing-tolerant New Zealand Alpine Weta Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Journal of Insect Physiology. 43(7):621–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair BJ, Worland MR, Wharton DA. 1999. Ice nucleation and freezing tolerance in New Zealand alpine and lowland weta, Hemideina spp. (Orthoptera; Stenopelmatidae). Physiological Entomology. 24(1):56–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokolov IM. 2019. A review of the genus Pelodiaetus Jeannel Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anillini) of New Zealand, with re-description of the genus, description of a new species, and notes on the evolutionary history. Zookeys. 879:33–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sømme L. 1989. Adaptations of terrestrial arthropods to the alpine enviornment. Biological Reviews. 64:367–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel WO. 1953. A new genus and species of Phloeocharinae (Col., Staphylinidae) from New Zealand. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine. 89:162–164.
   Google Scholar
• Stringer IAN, Hitchmough RA, Dugdale JS, Edwards E, Hoare RJB, Patrick BH. 2012. The conservation status of New Zealand Lepidoptera. New Zealand Entomologist. 35(2):120–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suren AM. 1991. Bryophytes as invertebrate habitat in two New Zealand alpine streams. Freshwater Biology. 26(3):399–418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas MC. 2003. The Brontini of the world: a generic review of the tribe (Coleoptera: Silvanidae: Brontinae). Insecta Mundi. 17:1–31.
   Google Scholar
• Tippett JM, Kamp PJJ. 1993. Fission-track analysis of the Late Cenozoic vertical kinematics of Continental Pacific Crust, South Island. New-Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth. 98(B9):16119–16148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomiolo S, Harsch MA, Duncan RP, Hulme PE. 2016. Influence of climate and regeneration microsites on Pinus contorta invasion into an alpine ecosystem in New Zealand. AIMS Environmental Science. 3(3):525–540.
   Google Scholar
• Toxopeus J, Sinclair BJ. 2018. Mechanisms underlying insect freeze tolerance. Biological Reviews. 93(4):1891–1914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trewick SA, Bland KJ. 2012. Fire and slice: palaeogeography for biogeography at New Zealand’s North Island/South Island juncture. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 42(3):153–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trewick SA, Morgan-Richards M. 2005. After the deluge: mitochondrial DNA indicates Miocene radiation and Pliocene adaptation of tree and giant weta (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae). Journal of Biogeography. 32(2):295–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twort VG, Newcomb RD, Buckley TR. 2019. New Zealand tree and Giant Weta (Orthoptera) Transcriptomics Reveal divergent selection patterns in metabolic loci. Genome Biology and Evolution. 11(4):1293–1306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyrrell C, Wharton DA, Ramlov H, Moller H. 1994. Cold tolerance of an endoparasitic nematode within a freezing-tolerant orthopteran host. Parasitology. 109:367–372.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veale AJ, Foster BJ, Dearden PK, Waters JM. 2018. Genotyping-by-sequencing supports a genetic basis for wing reduction in an alpine New Zealand stonefly. Scientific Reports 8.
   Google Scholar
• Ward DF. 2014. Understanding sampling and taxonomic biases recorded by citizen scientists. Journal of Insect Conservation. 18(4):753–756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardhaugh CW, Leschen RAB. 2021. Revision of the endemic Chalcolampra speculifera Sharp, 1882 group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). New Zealand Entomologist. 44(1):26–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardle K, Fahey BD. 2002. Monitoring vegetation changes at Treble Cone Ski Field, New Zealand. Science for Conservation. 50 p.
   Google Scholar
• Wardle P. 1963. Evolution and distribution of the New Zealand flora, as affected by quaternary climates. New Zealand Journal of Botany. 1:3–17.
   Google Scholar
• Watt JC. 1969. Notes on the natural history of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) in Canterbury. New Zealand Entomologist. 4(2):47–49.
   Google Scholar
• Watt JC. 1975. The terrestrial insects. In: Kuschel G, editor. Biogeography and ecology in New Zealand. The Hague: DR. W. Junk; p. 507–535.
   Google Scholar
• Watt JC. 1980. Notes on pitfall trapping on Headlong Peak, Mount Aspiring National Park. New Zealand Entomologist. 7(2):184–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watt JC. 1984. A review of some New Zealand Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera). New Zealand Entomologist. 8(1):4–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wharton DA. 2011. Cold tolerance of New Zealand alpine insects. Journal of Insect Physiology. 57(8):1090–1095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White EG. 1991. The changing abundance of moths in a Tussock Grassland, 1962–1989, and 50-year to 70-year trends. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 15(1):5–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White EG, Sedcole JR. 1991. A 20-year record of alpine grasshopper abundance, with interpretations for climate change. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 15(2):139–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkworth RC, Wagstaff SJ, Glenny D, Lockhart PJ. 2005. Evolution of the New Zealand mountain flora: origins, diversification and dispersal. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 5(3):237–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winstanley WJ, Rowe RJ. 1980. The larval habitat of Uropetala carovei carovei (Odonata, Petaluridae) in the North Island of New Zealand, and the geographical limits of the subspecies. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 7(1):127–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winterbourn MJ, Cadbury S, Ilg C, Milner AM. 2008. Mayfly production in a New Zealand glacial stream and the potential effect of climate change. Hydrobiologia. 603:211–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward CA, Shulmeister J. 2006. New Zealand chironomids as proxies for human-induced and natural environmental change: transfer functions for temperature and lake production (chlorophyll a). Journal of Paleolimnology. 36(4):407–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K. 2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science. 292(5517):686–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zernack AV, Procter JN, Cronin SJ. 2009. Sedimentary signatures of cyclic growth and destruction of stratovolcanoes: A case study from Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology. 220(3-4):288–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar