Land use and the incidence of forced displacement

References

• Acevedo, Maria Cecilia. 2015. Climate, Conflict and Labor Markets: Evidence from Colombia’s Illegal Drug Production.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, Ali T., Marcus Johnson, Mateo Vásquez-Cortés, Johana Herrera Arango, Guerrero Lovera, Paula Kamila, Guerrero García, and Elías Helo. 2020. “Land Titling, Race, and Political Violence: Theory and Evidence from Colombia.” Working Paper.
   Google Scholar
• Azam, Jean-Paul, and Anke Hoeffler. 2002. “Violence against Civilians in Civil Wars: Looting or Terror?” Journal of Peace Research 39 (4): 461–485. doi:10.1177/0022343302039004006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balcells, Laia, and Abbey Steele. 2016. “Warfare, Political Identities, and Displacement in Spain and Colombia.” Political Geography 51 (3): 15–29. doi:10.1016/J.POLGEO.2015.11.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballvé, Teo. 2013. “Grassroots Masquerades: Development, Paramilitaries, and Land Laundering in Colombia.” Geoforum 50: 62–75. doi:10.1016/J.GEOFORUM.2013.08.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandiera, Antonella. 2021. “Deliberate Displacement during Conflict: Evidence from Colombia.” World Development 146 (11): 105547. doi:10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2021.105547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman, Nicolas, Mathieu Couttenier, Dominic Rohner, and Mathias Thoenig. 2017. “This Mine is Mine! How Minerals Fuel Conflicts in Africa.” American Economic Review 107 (6): 1564–1610. doi:10.1257/AER.20150774.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besley, Timothy, and Maitreesh Ghatak. 2010. “Property Rights and Economic Development.” Handbook of Development Economics 5 (C): 4525–4595. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52944-2.00006-9..
   Google Scholar
• Byrd, William, and Javed Nooran. 2017. Industrial-Scale Looting of Afghanistan’s Mineral Resources. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.
   Google Scholar
• CNMH (Centro Nacional de Memoria Historica). 2015. Una Nación Desplazada: informe Nacional Del Desplazamiento Forzado en Colombia. Bogotá: Centro Nacional de Memoria Historica. http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/descargas/informes2015/nacion-desplazada/una-nacion-desplazada.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ch, Rafael, Jacob N. Shapiro, Abbey Steele, and Juan F. Vargas. 2018. “Endogenous Taxation in Ongoing Internal Conflict: The Case of Colombia.” American Political Science Review 112 (4): 996–1015. doi:10.1017/S0003055418000333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier, Paul. 2000. “Rebellion as a Quasi-Criminal Activity.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 44 (6): 839–853. doi:10.1177/0022002700044006008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenport, Christian A., Will H. Moore, and Steven C. Poe. 2003. “Sometimes You Just Have to Leave: Domestic Threats and Forced Migration, 1964-1989.” International Interactions 29 (1): 27–55. doi:10.1080/03050620304597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Janvry, Alain, Jean-Philippe Platteau, Gustavo Gordillo, and Elisabeth Sadoulet. 2011. “Access to Land and Land Policy Reforms.” In Access to Land, Rural Poverty, and Public Action, edited by Alain de Janvry, Gustavo Gordillo, Elisabeth Sadoulet, and Jean-Philippe Platteau, 1–26. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Defensoria del Pueblo. 2018. Economías ilegales, actores armados y nuevos escenarios de riesgo en el posacuerdo. Bogotá: Defensoría del Pueblo. https://www.defensoria.gov.co/public/pdf/economiasilegales.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• DANE (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística). 2015. Tercer Censo Nacional Agropecuario: Hay campo para todos- Tomo 2. Resultados. Bogotá: Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. https://www.dane.gov.co/files/images/foros/foro-de-entrega-de-resultados-y-cierre-3-censo-nacional-agropecuario/CNATomo2-Resultados.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dueñas, Ximena, Paola Palacios, and Blanca Zuluaga. 2014. “Forced Displacement in Colombia: What Determines Expulsion and Reception in Municipalities?” Peace Economics.” Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy 20 (4): 1–13. https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/pepspp/v20y2014i4p13n9.html.
   Google Scholar
• Engel, Stefanie, and Ana María Ibáñez. 2007. “Displacement Due to Violence in Colombia: A Household-Level Analysis.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 55 (2): 335–365. doi:10.1086/508712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galvis-Aponte, Luis Armando, Lina Marcela Moyano, and Carlos Alberto Alba Fajardo. 2016. “La persistencia de la pobreza en el Pacífico colombiano y sus factores asociados.” Working paper, Documentos de Trabajo Sobre Economía Regional y Urbana. No. 238. Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales. Cartagena: Banco de la Republica de Colombia. doi:10.32468/dtseru.238.
   Google Scholar
• Garfinkel, Michelle R., and Stergios Skaperdas. 2007. “Economics of Conflict: An Overview.” Chapt. 22 In Handbook of Defense Economics: Defense in a Globalized World. Vol. 2, edited by Todd Sandler and Keith Hartley, 649–709. Amsterdam: North Holland. doi:10.1016/S1574-0013(06)02022-9.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez, Carlos, Luis Sánchez-Ayala, and Gonzalo Vargas. 2015. “Armed Conflict, Land Grabs and Primitive Accumulation in Colombia: Micro Processes, Macro Trends and the Puzzles in between.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 42 (2): 255–274. doi:10.1080/03066150.2014.990893.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grajales, Jacobo. 2011. “The Rifle and the Title: Paramilitary Violence, Land Grab and Land Control in Colombia.” Journal of Peasant Studies 38 (4): 771–792. doi:10.1080/03066150.2011.607701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grajales, Jacobo. 2013. “State Involvement, Land Grabbing and Counter-Insurgency in Colombia.” Development and Change 44 (2): 211–232. doi:10.1111/dech.12019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman, Herschel. 1999. “Kleptocracy and Revolutions.” Oxford Economic Papers 51 (2): 267–283. doi:10.1093/oep/51.2.267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibañez, Ana María, and Carlos Eduardo Velez. 2008. “Civil Conflict and Forced Migration: The Micro Determinants and Welfare Losses of Displacement in Colombia.” World Development 36 (4): 659–676. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.04.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justin, Reese. 2012. “Financing the Taliban.” Chap. 7 in Financing Terrorism: Case Studies, edited by Michael Freeman, 93–110. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Konrad, Kai I., and Stergios Skaperdas. 1998. “Extortion.” Economica 65 (260): 461–477. doi:10.1111/1468-0335.00141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T. 2017. “Intergenerational Displacement in Indonesia’s Oil Palm Plantation Zone.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 44 (6): 1158–1176. doi:10.1080/03066150.2017.1308353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo, Ivan, and Maria Alejandra Velez. 2020. “Del liderazgo fuerte a la participación activa: resistencia efectiva a las economías ilícitas en territorios colectivos de comunidades afrocolombianas [From Strong Leadership to Active Community Engagement: Effective Resistance to Illicit Economies in Afro-Colombian Collective Territories]”, Working paper, Documento CEDE No. 3. Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Economico. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3545950.
   Google Scholar
• Lozano-Gracia, Nancy, Gianfranco Piras, Ana Maria Ibáñez, and Geoffrey J. D. Hewings. 2010. “The Journey to Safety: Conflict-Driven Migration Flows in Colombia.” International Regional Science Review 33 (2): 157–180. doi:10.1177/0160017609336998.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher, David, and Andrew Thomson. 2018. “A Precarious Peace? The Threat of Paramilitary Violence to the Peace Process in Colombia.” Third World Quarterly 39 (11): 2142–2172. doi:10.1080/01436597.2018.1508992.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher, David. 2015. “Rooted in Violence: Civil War, International Trade and the Expansion of Palm Oil in Colombia.” New Political Economy 20 (2): 299–330. doi:10.1080/13563467.2014.923825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, Zoe. 2019. “Rebel Resource Strategies in Civil War: Revisiting Diamonds in Sierra Leone.” Political Geography 75 (11): 102059. doi:10.1016/J.POLGEO.2019.102059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mingorria, Sara, Gonzalo Gamboa, Berta Martín-López, and Esteve Corbera. 2014. “The Oil Palm Boom: Socio-Economic Implications for Q’eqchi’ Households in the Polochic Valley, Guatemala.” Environment, Development and Sustainability 16 (4): 841–871. doi:10.1007/s10668-014-9530-0.
   Google Scholar
• Ministerio de Defensa. 2021. Logros de La Política de Defensa Y Seguridad. Bogotá. https://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/Mindefensa/Documentos/descargas/estudios_sectoriales/info_estadistica/Logros_Sector_Defensa.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Oslender, Ulrich. 2007. “Violence in Development: The Logic of Forced Displacement on Colombia’s Pacific Coast.” Development in Practice 17 (6): 752–764. doi:10.1080/09614520701628147.
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom, Elinor, and Charlotte Hess. 2010. “Private and Common Property Rights..” Chapt 4 in Property Law and Economics, edited by Boudewijn Bouckaert. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi:10.4337/9781849806510.00008.
   Google Scholar
• Palacios, Paola. 2011. “Forced Migration as a Deterrence Strategy in Civil Conflict.” In Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development, 17:1–22. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Palacios, Paola. 2012. “Forced Migration as a Deterrence Strategy in Civil Conflict.” In Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economics and Development, edited by Raul Caruso, 17:1–22. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi:10.1108/S1572-8323(2011)0000017005.
   Google Scholar
• Pedlowski, Marcos A. 2013. “When the State Becomes the Land Grabber: Violence and Dispossession in the Name of ‘Development’ in Brazil.” Journal of Latin American Geography 12 (3): 91–111. doi:10.1353/lag.2013.0045.
   Google Scholar
• Peña, Ximena, María Alejandra Velez, Juan Camilo Cárdenas, Natalia Perdomo, and Camilo Matajira. 2017. “Collective Property Leads to Household Investments: Lessons from Land Titling in Afro-Colombian Communities.” World Development 97 (11): 27–48. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platteau, Jean Philippe. 1996. “The Evolutionary Theory of Land Rights as Applied to Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Assessment.” Development and Change 27 (1): 29–86. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00578.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porch, Douglas, and María José Rasmussen. 2008. “Demobilization of Paramilitaries in Colombia: Transformation or Transition?” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 31 (6): 520–540. doi:10.1080/10576100802064841.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter, Lesley. 2020. “Colombia’s Oil Palm Development in Times of War and ‘Peace’: Myths, Enablers and the Disparate Realities of Land Control.” Journal of Rural Studies 78 (8): 491–502. doi:10.1016/J.JRURSTUD.2019.10.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richani, Nazih. 2005. “Multinational Corporations, Rentier Capitalism, and the War System in Colombia.” Latin American Politics and Society 47 (3): 113–144. doi:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2005.tb00321.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabates-Wheeler, Rachel, and Philip Verwimp. 2014. “Extortion with Protection: Understanding the Effect of Rebel Taxation on Civilian Welfare in Burundi.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 58 (8): 1474–1499. doi:10.1177/0022002714547885.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Ayala, Luis, and Cindia Arango-López. 2015. “Against All Odds, I Am Here: Territory and Identity in San Cristobal, Montes de Maria.” Latin American Research Review 50 (3): 203–224. doi:10.1353/lar.2015.0047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shire, Mohammed Ibrahim. 2021. “Protection or Predation? Understanding the Behavior of Community-Created Self-Defense Militias during Civil Wars..” Small Wars & Insurgencies Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/09592318.2021.1937806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovachana, Pou, and Paul Chambers. 2019. “Human Insecurity Scourge: The Land Grabbing Crisis in Cambodia.” In Human Security and Cross-Border Cooperation in East Asia, edited by Carolina G. Hernandez, Eun Mee Kim, Yoichi Mine and Ren Xiao, 181–203. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95240-6_9.
   Google Scholar
• Steele, Abbey. 2017. Democracy and Displacement in Colombia’s Civil War. New York: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thomson, Frances. 2011. “The Agrarian Question and Violence in Colombia: Conflict and Development.” Journal of Agrarian Change 11 (3): 321–356. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0366.2011.00314.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). 2021. “Global Trends Forced Displacement in 2020.” https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/60b638e37/global-trends-forced-displacement-2020.html
   Google Scholar
• Urrea, Fernando. 2012. Afrocolombianos: Sus Territorios y Condiciones de Vida. Bogotá: PNUD.
   Google Scholar
• Velez, Maria Alejandra, Juan Robalino, Juan Camilo Cardenas, Andrea Paz, and Eduardo Pacay. 2020. “Is Collective Titling Enough to Protect Forests? Evidence from Afro-Descendant Communities in the Colombian Pacific Region.” World Development 128 (April): 104837. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velez, Maria Alejandra. 2011. “Collective Titling and the Process of Institution Building: The New Common Property Regime in the Colombian Pacific.” Human Ecology 39 (2): 117–129. doi:10.1007/s10745-011-9375-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velez, María Alejandra. 2001. “FARC – ELN: Evolución y Expansión Territorial.” Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad 47 (47): 151–225. doi:10.13043/DYS.47.4.
   Google Scholar
• Voors, Maarten, Peter Van Der Windt, Kostadis J. Papaioannou, and Erwin Bulte. 2017. “Resources and Governance in Sierra Leone’s Civil War.” The Journal of Development Studies 53 (2): 278–294. doi:10.1080/00220388.2016.1160068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar