Child sexual abuse prevention education: A review of school policy and curriculum provision in Australia

References

• Abrahams, N., Casey, K., & Daro, D. (1992) Teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about child abuse and its prevention. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16, 229–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Schools Australia (cat. no. 4221.0). Retrieved from http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/69FF2D323E81F5F7CA25785500127A08/$File/42210_2010.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Regional population growth, Australia, 2009–10 (cat. No. 3218.0). Retrieved from http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/3218.0Main+Features12009-10?OpenDocument
   Google Scholar
• Australian Communications and Media Authority. (2009). Cybersmart. Retrieved from http://www.cybersmart.gov.au/
   Google Scholar
• Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (2012) Shape of the Australian curriculum: Version 3. (Sydney: Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority).
   Google Scholar
• Australian Health Promoting Schools Association (2000) A national framework for health promoting schools 2000–2003. (Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services).
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, C. J. (1991) Review article: What is policy convergence and what causes it? British Journal of Political Science, 21, 215–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkland, T. A. (2005) An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts, and models of public policy making. (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe).
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, F. (1988) South Australian parents want child protection programs to be offered in schools and preschools. Early Childhood Development and Care, 34, 167–178. doi:10.1080/0300443880340112.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, F., & Hawkins, R. M. F. (1994) Choosing between child protection programmes. Child Abuse Review, 3, 272–284.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008) A CDC review of school laws and policies concerning child and adolescent health. Journal of School Health, 78, 69–128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen, L. P., Murad, M. H., Paras, M. L., Colbenson, K. M., Sattler, A. L., Goranson, E. N., Elamin, M. B., Seime, R. J., Shinozaki, G., Prokop, L. J., & Zirakzadeh, A. (2010) Sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85, 618–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, L., & Swift, S. (1999) The spectrum of prevention: Developing a comprehensive approach to injury prevention. Injury prevention, 5, 203–207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Council of Australian Governments (COAG) (2009) Protecting children is everyone’s business: National framework for protecting Australia’s children 2009–2020. (Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia).
   Google Scholar
• Cross, D., Epstein, M., Hearn, L., Slee, P., Shaw, T., & Monks, H. (2011) National safe schools framework: Policy and practice to reduce bullying in Australian Schools. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35, 398–404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, D., Shaw, T., Hearn, L., Epstein, M., Monks, H., Lester, L., & Thomas, L. (2009) Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study (ACBPS). (Perth: Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University).
   Google Scholar
• DePanflilis, D., & Salus, M. K. (1992) A coordinated response to child abuse and neglect: A basic manual. (Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect).
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Children’s Services, South Australia (2010) Keeping safe child protection curriculum: Early years band: Years R–2. (Hindmarsh: The State of South Australia, Department of Education and Children’s Services).
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Children’s Services, South Australia. (2011a). Child protection in schools, early childhood education and care services. Retrieved from http://www.decd.sa.gov.au/speced2/pages/childprotection/legislationPolicies/
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Children’s Services, South Australia. (2011b). Implementation of the DECS child protection curriculum strategy. Retrieved from http://www.leadersdesktop.sa.edu.au/leadership/files/links/Keeping_Safe_Child_Protect.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2011). Catching-on early: Sexuality education for Victorian primary schools. Melbourne: Student Wellbeing Division, Office for Government School Education, Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. Retrieved 30 March 2012 from http://www.eduweb.vic.gov.au/edulibrary/public/teachlearn/student/catchingoneyrsv.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Training, Australian Capital Territory. (2007). Every chance to learn: Curriculum framework for ACT schools preschool to year 10: Early childhood: Essential learning achievements. Retrieved from http://activated.act.edu.au/ectl/framework.htm
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Training, Australian Capital Territory. (2010). Child protection and reporting child abuse and neglect in ACT public schools. Retrieved from http://www.det.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/142096/ChildProtection_Policy_updated.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education and Training, Queensland. (2011). SMS-PR-012: Student Protection. Retrieved from http://education.qld.gov.au/strategic/eppr/students/smspr012/procedure.html.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations. (2011). National safe schools framework. Retrieved from http://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/NationalSafeSchools/Pages/nationalsafeschoolsframework.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education, Tasmania. (2012). The Tasmanian curriculum health and wellbeing K–10 syllabus and support materials. Retrieved 23 March 2012 from http://www.education.tas.gov.au/curriculum/standards/health/
   Google Scholar
• Department of Education, Western Australia. (2009). Child protection. Retrieved 23 March 2012 from http://www.det.wa.edu.au/policies/detcms/policy-planning-and-accountability/policies-framework/policies/child-protection.en?oid=au.edu.wa.det.cms.contenttypes.Policy-id-11894311protection.en?oid=au.edu.wa.det.cms.contenttypes
   Google Scholar
• Duane, Y., & Carr, A. (2002) Prevention of child sexual abuse. In A. Carr (Ed) Prevention: What works with children and adolescents? A critical review of psychological prevention programmemes for children, adolescents and their families. (New York: Brunner-Routledge), 181–204.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez, A. A. A. (2008) Middleware for distributed data management. In N. Fielding, R. M. Lee & G. Blank (Eds) The Sage handbook of online research methods. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage), 99–115.
   Google Scholar
• Finkelhor, D. (2007) Prevention of sexual abuse through educational programmes. Pediatrics, 120, 640–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelhor, D., & Baron, L. (1986) Risk factors for child sexual abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1, 43–71.
   Google Scholar
• Flandreau-West, P. (1984) Protective behaviors: Anti-victim training for children, adolescents and adults. (Madison, WI: Protective Behaviors Inc).
   Google Scholar
• Galster, G. C., & Killen, S. P. (1995) The geography of metropolitan opportunity: A renaissance and conceptual framework. Housing Policy Debate, 6, 7–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambrell, A. E., & Haffner, D. (1993). Unfinished business: A SIECUS assessment of state sexuality programs. New York: SIECUS, ED364 513.
   Google Scholar
• Goldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., & Kennedy, K. Y. (2003) A coordinated response to child abuse and neglect: The Foundation for Practice, Child abuse and neglect user manual series. (Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services).
   Google Scholar
• Government of South Australia. (2011). Mandatory notification training. Retrieved from http://www.sa.gov.au/subject/Education,+skills+and+learning/Working+in+education/Mandatory+notification+training
   Google Scholar
• Granheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004) Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24, 105–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert, M., & Tourigny, M. (2004) Child sexual abuse prevention: A review of evaluative studies and recommendations for programme development. Advances in Psychology Research, 32, 111–143.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. (1995) Teaching and learning about personal safety: Report of the review of protective behaviours in South Australia. (Adelaide: The University of South Australia).
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. (2000) Using video vignettes to evaluate children’s personal safety knowledge: Methodological and ethical issues. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 811–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. (2008) Implementing a child protection curriculum: Lessons from a South Australian trial. Journal of Student Wellbeing, 2, 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Kolko, D. J. (1988) Educational programmes to promote awareness and prevention of child sexual victimization: A review and methodological critique. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 195–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K., & Bock, M. A. (Eds.). (2009). The content analysis reader Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Lee, R. M., Fielding, N., & Blank, G. (2008) The internet as a research medium: An editorial introduction. In N. Fielding, R. M. Lee & G. Blank (Eds) The Sage handbook of online research methods. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage), 3–20.
   Google Scholar
• London, K., Bruck, M., Ceci, S. J., & Shuman, D. W. (2005) Disclosure of sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11, 194–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyles, A., Cohen, L., & Brown, M. (2009).Transforming communities to prevent child sexual abuse and exploitation: A primary prevention approach. Oakland, CA: Prevention Institute. Retrieved 19 March 2012 from http://www.preventioninstitute.org/component/jlibrary/article/id-31/127.html
   Google Scholar
• MacMillan, H. L., MacMillan, J. H., Offord, D. R., Griffith, L., & MacMillan, A. (1994) Primary prevention of child sexual abuse: A critical review part 2. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 857–876. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02299.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews, B., Cronan, J., Walsh, K., Farrell, A., & Butler, D. (2008) Teachers’ policy-based duties to report child sexual abuse: A comparative study. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law & Education, 13, 23–37.
   Google Scholar
• Mathews, B., Walsh, K., Butler, D., & Farrell, A. (2006) Mandatory reporting by Australian teachers of suspected child abuse and neglect: Legislative requirements and questions for future direction. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Law and Education, 11, 7–22.
   Google Scholar
• McGrath, H. (2005). Making Australian schools safer: A summary report of the outcomes from the National Safe Schools Framework Best Practice Grants Programme (2004–2005). Retrieved from http://www.dest.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/1DFB8046-12B5-4669-9065-F4FDD8E0A67E/19320/BriefNSSFReportforwebsite.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mikton, C., & Butchart, A. (2009) Child maltreatment: a systematic review of reviews. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 353–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller-Perrin, C. L., & Wurtele, S. K. (1989) Children’s conceptions of personal body safety: A comparison across ages. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18, 25–35. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1801_4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministerial Council for Education, Early Childhood Development and Youth Affairs (MCEECDYA). (2011). National safe schools framework. Retrieved from http://www.deewr.gov.au/Schooling/NationalSafeSchools/Documents/NSSFramework.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministerial Council for Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA). (2005). Safety in Australian schools: Reporting against the National Safe Schools Framework. Retrieved from http://cms.curriculum.edu.au/anr2005/safety.htm
   Google Scholar
• Moag-Stahlberg, A., Howley, N., & Luscri, L. (2008) A national snapshot of local school wellness policies. Journal of School Health, 78, 562–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, M. J., & Rienzo, B. A. (2000) Utilizing the SIECUS guidelines to assess sexuality education in one state: Content scope and importance. Journal of School Health, 70, 56–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. (1999). Guidelines for programs to reduce child victimization: A resource for communities when choosing a program to teach personal safety to children. Retrieved from http://www.missingkids.com/missingkids/servlet/ResourceServlet?LanguageCountry=en_US&PageId=763
   Google Scholar
• New South Wales Department of Community Services. (2006). Interagency guidelines for child protection intervention. Retrieved from http://www.community.nsw.gov.au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/interagency_guidelines.pdf
   Google Scholar
• New South Wales Department of Education and Training (1998) Programming child protection in PDHPE. Curriculum Support Directorate Primary, 3, 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• New South Wales Department of School Education. (1997). Child protection education: Curriculum materials to support teaching and learning in Personal Development, Health and Physical Education. Sydney: New South Wales Department of School Education, Student Welfare Directorate. Retrieved 23 March 2012 from http://www.curriculumsupport.education.nsw.gov.au/primary/pdhpe/safe/cpe.htm
   Google Scholar
• Pal, L. A. (2009) Beyond policy analysis: Public issue management in turbulent times. 4th ed. (Scarborough, ON: Nelson Education Limited).
   Google Scholar
• Paolucci, E. O., Genius, M. L., & Violato, C. (2001) A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse. The Journal of Psychology, 135, 17–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gomez-Benito, J. (2009) The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 328–338. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer, C. A. (1999) The history of child sexual abuse prevention: A practitioner’s perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 7, 77–95. doi:10.1300/J070v07n04_06.
   Google Scholar
• Putnam, F. W. (2003) Ten-year research update review: Child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 269–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Queensland Studies Authority. (2007). Health & physical education (HPE): Essential learnings by the end of year 5. Retrieved from http://www.qsa.qld.edu.au/downloads/early_middle/qcar_el_hpe_yr5.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson, J. (2004) Child-focused sexual abuse prevention programmes: How effective are they in preventing child abuse? Crime and Misconduct Commission Research & Issues Paper Series, 5, 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SEICUS) (2004) Guidelines for comprehensive sexuality education: Kindergarten through 12^th Grade. 3rd ed. (New York: National Guidelines Taskforce).
   Google Scholar
• Stoltenborgh, M., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. A. (2011) Global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16, 70–101.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, P., Moore, P., Pezzullo, L., Tucci, J., Goddard, C., & De Bortoli, L. (2008) The cost of child abuse in Australia. (Melbourne: Australian Childhood Foundation and Child Abuse Prevention Research Australia).
   Google Scholar
• Tomison, A., & Poole, L. (2000) Preventing child abuse and neglect: Findings from an Australian audit of prevention programs. (Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies).
   Google Scholar
• Topping, K. J., & Barron, I. G. (2009) School-based child sexual abuse prevention programs: A review of effectiveness. Review of Educational Research, 79, 431–463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudell, B., & Whatley, M. H. (1988) School sexual abuse prevention: Unintended consequences and dilemmas. Child Abuse & Neglect, 12, 103–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNESCO (2009) International guidelines on sexuality education: An evidence informed approach to effective sex, relationships and HIV/STI education. (Paris: Education Sector, Division for the Coordination of UN Priorities in Education, Section on HIV and AIDS).
   Google Scholar
• UNICEF. (2011). The state of the world’s children. New York: Division of Communication, UNICEF. Retrieved 23 October 2011 from http://www.unicef.org/sowc2011/pdfs/SOWC-2011-Main-Report_EN_02092011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• WHO (1986) Promoting health through schools: The World Health Organization’s Global School Health Initiative. (Geneva: World Health Organisation).
   Google Scholar
• WHO. (1998). Health-promoting schools: A healthy setting for living, learning and working. Geneva: World Health Organization, Division of Health Promotion, Education and Communication, Health Education and Health Promotion Unit. Retrieved 23 October 2011 from http://www.who.int/school_youth_health/media/en/92.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wurtele, S. K. (2007) The body safety training workbook: A personal safety program for parents to teach their children. (Colorado Springs, CO: Sandy K. Wurtele).
   Google Scholar
• Wurtele, S. K. (2009) Preventing sexual abuse of children in the twenty-first century: Preparing for challenges and opportunities. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18, 1–18. doi:10.1080/10538710802584650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurtele, S. K., & Kenny, M. (2010) Primary prevention of child sexual abuse: Child- and parent-focusd approaches. In Keith L. Kauffman (Ed) The prevention of sexual violence: A practitioner’s sourcebook. (Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press), 107–119.
   Google Scholar
• Zwi, K. J., Woolfenden, S. R., Wheeler, D. M., O’Brien, T. A., Tait, P., & Williams, K. W. (2007). School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse (Review). In Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 3, Art. No.: CD004380. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004380.pub2.
   Google Scholar
• Zwi, K. J., Woolfenden, S. R., Wheeler, D. M., O’Brien, T. A., Tait, P., & Williams, K. W. (2008). School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse (Review). In Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Retrieved May 11, 2009, from Ovid Evidence Based Medicine Reviews.
   Google Scholar