References
- Abadie, A., Athey, S., Imdens, G. W., & Woodridge, J. (2017). When should you adjust standard errors for clustering. NBER Working Paper Series No. 24003.
- Adamecz-Völgyi, A., Henderson, M., & Shure, N. (2019). Is ‘first in Family’ a good indicator for widening university participation? IZA Discussion Paper No. 12826. Institute of Labor Economics.
- Belfield, C., Britton, J., Bushca, F., Dearden, L., Dickson, M., van der Erve, L., Sibieta, L., Vignoles, A., Walker, I., & Zhu, Y., (2018a). The relative labour market returns to different degrees. Research Report. Retrieved April 14, 2020, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/714517/The_relative_labour_market-returns_to_different_degrees.pdf
- Belfield, C., Britton, J., Bushca, F., Dearden, L., Dickson, M., van der Erve, L., Sibieta, L., Vignoles, A., Walker, I., & Zhu, Y., (2018b). The impact of undergraduate degress on early-career earnings. Research Report. Retrieved April 14, 2020, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/759278/The_impact_of_undergraduate_degrees_on_early-career_earnings.pdf
- Bjorklund, A., & Kjellstrom, C. (2002). Estimating the return to investments in education: How useful is the standard Mincer equation? Economics of Education Review, 21(3), 195–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7757(01)00003-6
- Boliver, V. (2013). How fair is access to more prestigious UK universities? The British Journal of Sociology, 64(2), 344–364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12021
- Britton, J., Dearden, L., Shephard, N., & Vignoles, A. (2016). How English domiciled graduate earnings vary with gender, institution attended, subject and socio-economic background. Institute for Fiscal Studies.
- Business Innovation and Skills. (2014). National strategy for access and student success in higher education. Business Innovation and Skills. Retrieved March 14, 2020, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/299689/bis-14-516-national-strategy-for-access-and-student-success.pdf
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies. (2018). Next steps age 25 survey: User guide (p. 38). Centre for Longitudinal Studies. Retrieved from Centre for Longitudinal Studies website https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/5545age_25_survey_user_guide-1.pdf
- Chowdry, H., Crawford, C., Dearden, L., Goodman, A., & Vignoles, A. (2013). Widening participation in higher education: Analysis using linked administrative data. Statistics in Society: Series A, 176(2), 431–457. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01043.x
- Coughlan, S. (2017) Family’s first student in Cambridge state school record. BBC. Retrieved September 27, 2020, from http://www.bbc.com/news/education-41401863
- Crawford, C., & Greaves, E. (2015). Socio-economic, ethnic and gender differences in HE participation. London: BIS (Department for Business Innovation and Skills), (Research Paper No. 186).
- Department for Education. (2018, March 15) Graduate outcomes (LEO): Employment and earnings outcomes of higher education graduates by subject studied and graduate characteristics. SFR 15/2018. Department for Education. Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/690859/SFR15_2018_Main_text.pdf
- Department for Education and Skills. (2003) The future of higher education. Department for Education and Skills. Retrieved July 21, 2017, from www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/pdfs/2003-white-paper-higher-ed.pdf
- Fallon, M. V. (1997). The school counselor’s role in first generation students’ college plans. The School Counselor, 44(5), 384–393. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ553587
- Finegold, D. (2006). The roles of higher education in a knowledge economy. Rutgers University, mimeo.
- Forrest Cataldi, E., Bennett, C. T., Chen, X., & Simone, S. A. (2018) First generation students: College access, persistence, and postbachelor’s outcomes, Stats in Brief, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved October 7 2018, from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2018/2018421.pdf
- HEFCE. (2010) Aim higher summer schools: Participation and progression to higher education, higher education funding council for England issues paper 2010/32. Higher Education Funding Council for England. Retrieved July 20, 2017, from http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20180319114450/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/data/year/2010/Aimhigher,summer,schools,Participants,and,progression,to,higher,education/
- Henderson, M., Shure, N., & Adamecz-Völgyi, A., (2019). First in Family’ university graduates in England. IZA Discussion Paper No.12588, Institute of Labor Economics.
- HESA. (2018). Higher education student statistics: UK, 2016/17 - Qualifications achieved. Higher Education Statistics Authority. Retrieved October 16, 2018, from https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/11-01-2018/sfr247-higher-education-student-statistics/qualifications
- Hoare, A., & Johnston, R. (2010). Widening participation through admissions policy – A British case study of school and university performance. Studies in Higher Education, 36(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903414297
- Jenkins, S., & Schluter, C. (2002), The effect of family income during childhood on later-life attainment: Evidence from Germany. IZA Discussion Paper No.604, Institute of Labor Economics.
- Jerrim, J., & Shure, N. (2016). The performance of 15-year-olds on PISA 2015: National reports for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Department for Education. Retrieved September 21 2017, from https://www.education-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/education/ACHIEVEMENT%20OF%2015%20YEAR-OLDS%20IN%20NORTHERN%20IRELAND%20PISA%202015%20NATIONAL%20REPORT.PDF
- LFS, Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, Central Survey Unit, Office for National Statistics, Social Survey Division. (2016). Labour force survey annual eurostat dataset, 2014. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 7941, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7941-1
- MacDermott, K. G., Conn, P. A., & Owen, J. W. (1987). The influence of parental education level on college choice. Journal of College Admissions, 115, 3–10. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ353636
- Office for National Statistics. (2010). Standard occupational classification 2010; Volume 3 The national statistics socio-economic classification: (Rebased on the SOC2010) user manual. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved December 18, 2018, from http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/classifications/current-standard-classifications/soc2010/soc2010-volume-3-ns-sec–rebased-on-soc2010–user-manual/index.html#5)
- Office for National Statistics, Social Survey Division. (2019). Annual population survey, January - December, 2015. [data collection]. 8th Edition. UK Data Service. SN: 7928. Office for National Statistics. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7928-8
- Rasbash, J., Leckie, G., Pillinger, R., & Jenkins, J. (2010). ‘Children’s educational progress: Partitioning family, school and area effects’. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 173(3), 657–682. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2010.00642.x
- Riehl, R. J. (1994). The academic preparation, aspirations, and first-year performance of first-generation students. College and University, 70(1), 14–19. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ499539
- Strand, S. (2014). Ethnicity, gender, social class and achievement gaps at age 16: Intersectionality and ‘getting it’ for the white working class. Research Papers in Education, 29(2), 131–171. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2013.767370
- Stuart, M. (2006). ‘My friends made all the difference’: Getting into and succeeding at university for first-generation entrants. Journal of Access Policy and Practice, 3(2), 162–184. https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/3926/
- Sundorph, E., Vasilev, D., & Coiffait, L. (2017) Joining the elite: How top universities can enhance social mobility. Reform Report. Retrieved April 11, 2018, from http://www.reform.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Joining-The-Elite-how-top-universities-can-enhance-social-mobility.pdf
- Sutton Trust. (2017). The state of social mobility in the UK. Sutton Trust. Retrieved October 16, 2018, from https://www.suttontrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/BCGSocial-Mobility-report-full-version_WEB_FINAL.pdf
- Toutkoushian, R. K., May-Trifiletti, J. A., & Clayton, A. B. (2019). From “First in Family” to “First to Finish”: Does college graduation vary by how first-generation college status is defined? Educational Policy, 089590481882375. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904818823753
- Universities and Colleges Admissions Services (UCAS). (2018). Filling in your UCAS undergraduate application. UCAS. Retrieved March 14, 2018, from https://www.ucas.com/ucas/undergraduate/apply-and-track/filling-your-ucas-undergraduate-application
- University College London, UCL Institute of Education, Centre for Longitudinal Studies. (2018). Next Steps: Sweeps 1-8, 2004-2016: Secure Access. [data collection] (4th ed.). UK Data Service. SN 7104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SA-7104-4
- Walker, I., & Zhu, Y. (2011). Differences by degree: Evidence of the net financial rates of return to undergraduate study for England and Wales. Economics of Education Review, 30(6), 1177–1186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.01.002