REFERENCES
- Aitken , M. and Longford , N. 1986 . Statistical modelling in school effectiveness studies . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, , 149 : 1 – 43 . Series A
- Barnett , V. and Lewis , T. 1963 . A study of the relation between GCE and degree results . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A , 126 : 187 – 216 .
- Bee , M. and Dolton , P. 1985 . Degree class and pass rates: an inter‐university comparison . Higher Education Review , 17 : 45 – 52 .
- Bourner , T. and Hamed , M. 1987 . Entry Qualifications and Degree Performance , London : Council for National Academic Awards .
- Chapman , K. 1993 . Degree results in geography 1973‐1990: students, teachers and standards . Area , 25 : 117 – 126 .
- Chapman , K. 1994 . Variability of degree results in geography in United Kingdom universities, 1973‐90: preliminary results and policy implications . Studies in Higher Education , 19 : 89 – 102 .
- Chapman , K. 1995 . Quality, standards and degrees: some speculations aroused by Johnston . Transactions, Institute of British Geographers , 20 : 509 – 514 . (New Series)
- Cm. 1541 . 1991 . Higher Education: a New Framework , London : HMSO .
- CVCP . 1991 . The State and the Universities , London : CVCP .
- Gray , J. , Jesson , D. and Jones , B. 1986 . The search for a fairer way of comparing schools . Research Papers in Education , 1 : 91 – 122 .
- Goldstein , H. 1987 . Multilevel Models in Educational and Social Research , London : Griffin .
- Johnes , J. and Taylor , J. 1987 . Degree quality: an investigation into differences between UK universities . Higher Education , 5 : 17 – 31 .
- Johnes , J. and Taylor , J. 1990 . Performance Indicators in Higher Education , Guildford : Society for Research into Higher Education .
- Jones , K. and Moon , G. 1991 . Multilevel assessment of immunisation uptake as a performance measure in general practice . British Medical Journal , 303 : 28 – 31 .
- MacFarlane , B. 1993 . The results of recession: students and university degree performance during the 1980s . Research in Education , 49 : 1 – 10 .
- Moulden , M. and Bradford , M.G. 1984 . Influences on educational attainment: the importance of the local home environment . Environment and Planning A , 16 : 49 – 66 .
- Raudenbush , S.W. 1988 . Educational applications of hierarchical linear models: a review . Journal of Educational Statistics , 13 : 85 – 116 .
- Sanders , A. 1991 . More firsts boost ratings . Times Higher Education Supplement , 1 March
- Sear , K. 1983 . The correlation between A‐level grades and degree results in England and Wales . Higher Education , 12 : 609 – 619 .
- Shattock , M.L. 1986 . “ The UGC and standards ” . In Standards and Criteria in Higher Education , Edited by: Moodie , G.C. 4 – 64 . Guildford : Society for Research into Higher Education .
- Silver , H. , Stennett , A. and Williams , R. 1995 . The External Examiner System: possible futures , London : Higher Education Quality Council .
- Sizer , J. 1988 . In search of excellence: performance assessment in the United Kingdom . Higher Education Quarterly , 42 : 152 – 161 .