The Effects of Background Music on Primary School Pupils' Task Performance

References

• BERNS , O.S. , COHEN , J.D. and MINTUM , M.A. 1997 . Brain regions responsible to novelty in the absence of awareness . Science , 276 : 1272 – 1275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRIPE , F.F. 1986 . Rock music as therapy for children with attention deficit disorder an exploratory study . Journal of Music Therapy , 23 : 30 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EYSENCK , H.J. 1967 . The Biological Basis of Personality , Springfield , IL : Thomas .
   Google Scholar
• FOGELSON , S. 1973 . Music as a distracter on reading-test performance of eighth grade students . Perceptual and Motor SkilIs , 36 : 1265 – 1266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GASTON , E.T. , ed. 1968 . Music in Therapy , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• GILES , M. 1991 . A little background music, please . Principal , November : 41 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• GREGOIRE , M.A. 1984 . Music as a prior condition to task performance . Journal of Music Therapy , 21 : 133 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALL , J. 1952 . The effect of background music on the reading comprehension of 278 eighth and ninth grade students . journal of Educational Research , 45 : 451 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALLAM , S. 2001a . The Power of Music , London : Performing Rights Society . WWW. thepowerofmusic. co
   Google Scholar
• HALLAM , S. 2001b . “ Learning in music ” . In Issues in the Teaching of Music , Edited by: PHILPOTT , C. and PLUMMERIDGE , C. London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• HALLAM , S. and KOTSOPOULOU , A. The effects of background music on learning, performance and behaviour . paper presented at the Conference of the Society for Research in Psychology of Music and Music Education . Sheffield .
   Google Scholar
• HALLAM , S. and PRICE , J. 1998 . Can the use of background music improve the behaviour and academic performance of children with emotional and behavioural difficulties? . British Journal of Special Education , 25 (2) : 87 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• HALLAM, S., KOTSOPOULOU, A. & GODWIN, C. (submitted) The development of metacognition in relation to the effects of music on behaviour.
   Google Scholar
• HENDERSON , M.T. , CREWS , A. and BARLOW , J. 1945 . A study of the effect of music distraction on reading efficiency . Journal of Applied Psychology , 29 : 313 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KlGER , D.M. 1989 . Effects of music information load on a reading comprehension task . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 69 : 531 – 534 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOTSOPOULOU , A. 1997 . Music in students' lives , Institute of Education, University of London . unpublished MA dissertation
   Google Scholar
• LORCH , C.A. , LORCH , V. , DIEFENDORF , A.O. and EARL , P.W. 1994 . Effect of stimulative and sedative music on systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate in premature infants . Journal of Music Therapy , XXXI (2) : 105 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MERRIAM , A.P. 1964 . The Anthropology of Music , Evanston , IL : Northwestern University Press .
   Google Scholar
• MlTCHELL , A.H. 1949 . The effect of radio programs on silent reading achievement of ninety-one sixth grade students . Journal of Educational Research , 42 (6) : 460 – 470 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOWSESIAN , R. and HEYER , M.R. 1973 . The effect of music as a distraction on test-taking performance . Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance , 6 (2) : 104 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORTH , A.C. and HARGREAVES , D.J. 1997 . “ Music and consumer behaviour ” . In Social Psychology of Music , Edited by: NORTH , A.C. and HARGREAVES , D.J. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• NORTH , A.C. , HARGREAVES , D.J. and O'NEILL , S.A. 2000 . The importance of music to adolescents . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 70 : 255 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OAKSFORD , M. , MORRIS , F. , GRAINGER , B. and WILLIAMS , J.M.G. 1996 . Mood reasoning and central executive processes, Journal of Experimental Psychology, Learning . Memory and Cognition , 22 (2) : 477 – 493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PATTON , J.E. , STINARD , T.A. and ROUTH , O.K. 1983 . Where do children study? . Journal of Educational Research , 76 (5) : 280 – 2 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRESSLEY , M. , McDANIEL , M.A. , TURNURE , J.E. , WOOD , E. and AHMED , M. 1987 . Generation and precision of elaboration: effects on intentional and incidental learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition , 13 (2) : 291 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RADOCY , R.E. and BOYLE , J.D. 1988 . Psychological Foundations of Musical Behaviour , Springfield , IL : Charles Thomas .
   Google Scholar
• REARDON , D. and BELL , G. 1970 . Effects of sedative and stimulative music on activity levels of severely retarded boys . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 75 : 156 – 159 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• REIBER , M. 1965 . The effect of music on the activity level of children . Psychonomic Science , 3 : 325 – 326 .
   Google Scholar
• SAVAN , A. 1998 . A study of the effect of background music on the behaviour and physiological responses of children with special educational needs . The Psychology of Education Review , 22 (1) : 32 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• SAVAN , A. 1999 . The effect of background music on learning . Psychology of Music , 27 (2) : 138 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• SCOTT , T. 1970 . The use of music to reduce hyperactivity in children . American Journal of Orthopsychiaoy , 4 : 677 – 680 .
   Google Scholar