References

• Anon. 1953. “The Public Library.” UNESCO Courier, June 2.
   Google Scholar
• Barber, Karin. 2001. “Audiences and the Book in Africa.” Current Writing: Text and Reception in Southern Africa 13 (2): 9–19. doi:10.1080/1013929X.2001.9678101.
   Google Scholar
• Barker, Ronald, and Robert Escarpit, eds. 1973. The Book Hunger. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Bgoya, Walter. 1997. “The Development and Future of Publishing in Africa: 12 Years After Arusha I.” Development Dialogue 1–2: 15–38.
   Google Scholar
• Bgoya, Walter, and Mary Jay. 2013. “Publishing in Africa from Independence to the Present Day.” Research in African Literatures 44 (2): 17–34. doi: 10.2979/reseafrilite.44.2.17
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block, Deborah. 2016. “E-Readers Help Thousands in Africa Learn to Read.” VOA News. http://www.voanews.com/a/e-readers-africa-students-read-access-technology-books/3179051.html.
   Google Scholar
• Blue, Sophie. 1994. “Book Aid International – Relieving the Book Crisis in Developing Countries.” Library Review 43 (2): 37–45. doi: 10.1108/00242539410053877
   Google Scholar
• Bodet, Jaime Torres. 1949. “Books and Cultural Reconstruction: UNESCO and CARE Work Together.” Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors 35 (3): 539–544. doi: 10.2307/40220375
   Google Scholar
• Books for Africa. 2019. Website. https://www.booksforafrica.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Brouillette, Sarah. 2014. “UNESCO and the Book in the Developing World.” Representations 127 (1): 33–54. doi:10.1525/rep.2014.127.1.33.
   Google Scholar
• Brüggemann, Michael, Edda Humprecht, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Kari Karppinen, Alessio Cornia, and Frank Esser. 2016. “Framing the Newspaper Crisis.” Journalism Studies 17 (5): 533–551. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2015.1006871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carré, Nathalie. 2016. “From Local to Global.” Wasafiri 31 (4): 56–62. doi: 10.1080/02690055.2016.1216668
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chong, D., and J. N. Druckman. 2007. “A Theory of Framing and Opinion Formation in Competitive Elite Environments.” Journal of Communication 57: 99–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabbe, R. 2018. “Revitalizing the Book Chain for National and International Cooperation.” Keynote address, Ghana International Book Fair, Accra, Ghana, 30 August 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Crabbe, Richard A. B., and Mary Nyingi. 2014. Textbook Development in Low Income Countries: A Guide for Policy and Practice. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Crowder, Michael. 1986. “The Book Crisis: Africa’s Other Famine.” Africa Bibliography 1985: xvi–xxi. doi: 10.1017/S0266673100004487
   Google Scholar
• CTA (Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation). 1994. Promoting Technical Publishing in Africa (Seminar Proceedings). Wageningen: CTA.
   Google Scholar
• Curry, Ann, Tanya Thiessen, and Lorraine Kelley. 2002. “Library Aid to Developing Countries in Times of Globalization: A Literature Review.” World Libraries 12 (2). http://www.chrisdaydesign.com/worldlib/vol12no2/curry_v12n2.shtml.
   Google Scholar
• De Waal, A. 1989. Famine That Kills. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dike, Virginia W., and Ogo N. Amucheazi. 2003. “Information for All: Resource Generation and Information Repackaging in Nigerian Schools.” In International Association of School Librarianship. Selected papers from the annual conference, 245–254. Vancouver: International Association of School Librarianship.
   Google Scholar
• Dogra, Nandita. 2013. Representations of Global Poverty: Aid, Development and International NGOs. London: IB Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• Edkins, Jenny. 2000. Whose Hunger? Concepts of Famine, Practices of Aid. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Entman, Robert M. 1993. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farah, A. S. 1989. “Problems of Book Hunger and Other Reading Materials in Somalia.” MSc thesis. United States International University.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher, Humphrey. 1994. “Text-centred Research.” Sudanic Africa 5: 225–260.
   Google Scholar
• Franks, Suzanne. 2013. Reporting Disasters: Famine, Aid, Politics and the Media. London: Hurst.
   Google Scholar
• Fyle, Clifford. 1965. “A Continent in Search of a Publishing Industry: A UNESCO Survey in Africa.” The UNESCO Courier September: 28–31.
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin, T. [1980] 2003. The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hay, Colin. 2002. Political Analysis: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Palgrave. doi: 10.1007/978-0-230-62911-0
   Google Scholar
• IPA (International Publishers Association) and NPA (Nigerian Publishers Association). 2018. “Publishing for Sustainable Development: The Role of Publishers in Africa.” Proceedings of seminar, Lagos. https://internationalpublishers.org/images/events/IPA_Seminars/Lagos_May_2018/FINAL-IPA-REPORT.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jay, Mary. 1994. “African Books Collective: Its Contribution to African Publishing.” Africa Bibliography 1992: vi–xviii. doi: 10.1017/S0266673100005699
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Ian M. 2013. “Development Goals After 2015: The Role of Information, Books and Libraries.” Information Development 29 (4): 294–296. doi: 10.1177/0266666913506429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Julien, Eileen. 2006. “The Extro-verted African Novel.” In The Novel: History, Geography and Culture, edited by Franco Moretti, 667–700. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kusimba, Chapurukha M., and Sibel Barut Kusimba. 1999. “Review of Africa: A Biography of the Continent by John Reader.” The African Archaeological Review 16 (2): 137–142. doi: 10.1023/A:1021959113918
   Google Scholar
• Lessing, Doris. 2007. “A Hunger for Books: Nobel Speech.” The Guardian, 8 December.
   Google Scholar
• Malhotra, Dina N. 1970. “The Book Famine in Developing Countries.” UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries 24 (4): 211–215.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, Carol. 1994. “Aid for Libraries: Should One Look the Proverbial Gift Horse in the Mouth?” Australian Academic & Research Libraries 25 (4): 240–246. doi: 10.1080/00048623.1994.10754901
   Google Scholar
• Montagnes, Ian. 2000. Textbooks and Learning Materials, 1990–99. Dakar: World Education Forum and UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Ncube, C. 2015. “How to Transform the Book Famine into a Book Banquet.” The Star.
   Google Scholar
• N’Dakpri, Anges-Félix. 2018. Interview with IP Watch. http://www.ip-watch.org/2018/11/30/interviews-national-publishing-industry-attendees-wipos-copyright-committee/.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, Stephanie, ed. 2002. Readings in African Popular Fiction. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ng’etich, Kibet A. 2003. Old Problem, new Strategies: Internet as a Tool for Research in Africa. Dakar: Codesria. http://codesria.org/IMG/pdf/Kibet_Ngetich.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Niles-Maack, Mary. 1986. “The Role of External Aid in West African Library Development.” The Library Quarterly 56 (1): 1–16. doi: 10.1086/601684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyquist, Corinne. 1991. “A Perspective on the Book Famine.” Progressive Librarian 3: 43.
   Google Scholar
• Ogunrombi, S. A., and Gboyega Adio. 1993. “The Nigerian Book Shortage: Its Implications for Education and National Development.” Library Review 42 (6). doi.org/10.1108/00242539310045444.
   Google Scholar
• Olujide Ajidahun, Clement. 1998. “Book Piracy and Nigerian Copyright law.” Library Management 19 (1): 22–25. doi: 10.1108/01435129810198558
   Google Scholar
• Oluwasanmi, E., E. McLean, and H. Zell. 1975. Publishing in Africa in the Seventies. Ile-Ife: University of Ife Press. Report of 1973 International Conference on Publishing and Book Development in Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Otike, Japhet N. 1993. “Book Donations and Their Relevance to the Third World.” New Library World 94 (3): 10–14. doi: 10.1108/EUM0000000002441
   Google Scholar
• Owomoyela, Oyekan. 2005. “Book Review: Readings in African Popular Fiction.” Comparative Literature Studies 42 (3): 229–231. doi: 10.1353/cls.2006.0009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priestley, Carol. 1989. “University Book Famine Initiative: The International Campus Book Link.” African Affairs 88 (353): 583–584. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priestley, Carol. 1990. “The Book Famine: A Selective Directory for Book and Journal Assistance to Universities in Africa.” Africa 60 (1): 135–148. doi: 10.2307/1160432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priestley, Carol. 1993. “The Difficult Art of Book Aid: An African Survey.” Logos 4 (4): 215–221. doi: 10.2959/logo.1993.4.4.215
   Google Scholar
• Richardson, J. 1983. “Libraries and the Neoliterate.” International Library Review 15 (1): 9–13. doi: 10.1016/0020-7837(83)90063-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ripken, Peter. 1991. “African Literature in the Literary Market Place outside Africa.” The African Book Publishing Record 17 (4): 289–292. https://doi.org/10.1515/abpr.1991.17.4.289.
   Google Scholar
• Scoones, Ian, Rebecca Smalley, Ruth Hall, and Dzodzi Tsikata. 2014. Narratives of Scarcity: Understanding the “Global Resource Grab”. Stellenbosch: Future Agricultures.
   Google Scholar
• Sen, Amartya. 1982. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• SIDA (Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency). 1998. Strengthening Publishing in Africa: An Evaluation of APNET. Stockholm: SIDA.
   Google Scholar
• Snyman, M. E. 2016. “A Longitudinal Study of a Reading Project in the Northern Cape, South Africa.” Reading & Writing 7 (1): a85. http://doi.org/10.4102/rw.v7i1.85.
   Google Scholar
• Sturges, Paul, and Richard Neill. 1998. The Quiet Struggle: Information and Libraries for Africa. London: Mansell.
   Google Scholar
• Thierry, Raphaël. 2015. “Donating Books to Africa But Never Buying African Books.” Warscapes, September. Online: http://www.warscapes.com/blog/donating-books-africa-never-buying-african-books.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 1969. Book Development in Africa: Problems and Perspectives. Paris: UNESCO. working paper 56.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 1973. Books for All. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 1981. Regional Meeting of Experts on National Book Strategies in Africa. Report of meeting held in Dakar, Senegal. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Watkins, Christine. 1997. “Changing the World Through Books.” American Libraries 28 (9): 52–54.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Jean. 2004. “Biblionef. Bringing Books to the Bookless.” http://www.capegateway.gov.za/Text/2004/8/may2004_14-16.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Olatoun. 2018. http://www.bordersliteratureonline.net/eventdetails/International-Publishers-Association-Seminar.
   Google Scholar
• Young, Dennis. 1994. “Book Hunger and the Political Economy of the South African Booktrade: Structural and Policy Constraints on the Production and Distribution of Academic Books.” MA thesis. University of KwaZulu-Natal.
   Google Scholar
• Zell, Hans M. 1987. “The Other Famine.” Libri 37 (4): 294–306. doi: 10.1515/libr.1987.37.4.294
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zell, Hans M. 1993. “Publishing in Africa: The Crisis and the Challenge.” In A History of Twentieth-century African Literatures, edited by Oyekan Owomoyela, 369–387. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zell, Hans M. 1995. “Publishing in Africa.” In International Book Publishing. An Encyclopedia, edited by Philip G. Altbach and Edith S. Hoshino, 366–373. New York: Garland Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Zell, Hans M. 2008. “Publishing in Africa: Where are We Now? Part One: Some Spurious Claims Debunked.” Logos 19 (4): 187–195. doi: 10.1163/logo.2008.19.4.187
   Google Scholar
• Zell, Hans M. 2013. “How Many Books are Published in Africa? The Need for More Reliable Statistics.” The African Book Publishing Record 39 (4): 397–406. doi: 10.1515/abpr-2013-0009
   Google Scholar
• Zell, Hans M., and Raphaël Thierry. 2016. “Book Donation Programmes for Africa: Time for a Reappraisal? Two Perspectives.” African Research & Documentation 127: 3–137.
   Google Scholar
• Zidouemba, D. H. 2001. “Le Développement du livre en Afrique.” Bulletin IFAN 51 (1): 237–266.
   Google Scholar