Moral reasoning and empathy in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: implications for moral education

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. , Hoekstra , R.A. , Knickmeyer , R. and Wheelwright , S. 2006 . The autism- spectrum quotient (AQ): Adolescent version . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 36 ( 3 ) : 343 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. and Wheelwright , S. 2004 . The empathy quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism and normal sex differences . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 34 ( 2 ) : 163 – 175 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begeer , S. , Malle , B. F. , Nieuwland , M. S. and Keysar , B. 2010 . Using theory of mind to represent and take part in social interactions: Comparing individuals with high-functioning autism and typically developing controls . European Journal of Developmental Psychology , 7 : 104 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkowitz , M.W. and Bier , M.C. 2007 . What works in character education? . Journal of Research in Character Education , 5 ( 1 ) : 29 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Blair , R. J. R. 1996 . Brief report: Morality in the autistic child . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 26 ( 5 ) : 571 – 579 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders―Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, 2008, United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Monitoring, Report, 61(SS-3), 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences , 2nd ed. , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Colby, A., Kolhberg, L., Gibbs, J., & Lieberman, M. (1983). A longitudinal study of moral judgment. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 48(1, Serial No. 200), 1–96.
   Google Scholar
• Colby, A., Kohlberg, L., Speicher, B., Hewer, A., Candee, D., Gibbs, J., & Power, C. (1987). The measurement of moral judgment: Vol. 2. The standard issue scoring manual. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Creswell , J.W. 2009 . Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches , 3rd ed. , Los Angeles , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Davis, M. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Catalog of Selected Documents in Society, 10, 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Davis , M.H. 1983 . Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 44 : 113 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs, J. C. (in press.) Moral development and reality: Beyond the theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs, J. C., Basinger, K. S., & Fuller, D. (1992). Moral maturity: Measuring the development of sociomoral reflection. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Gibbs , J. C. , Basinger , K. S. , Grime , R. L. and Snarey , J. R. 2007 . Moral judgment development across cultures: Revisiting Kohlberg’s universality claims . Developmental Review , 27 : 443 – 500 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , C.M. , Boucher , J. , Riggs , K.J. and Grayson , A. 2005 . Moral understanding in children with autism . Autism , 9 ( 3 ) : 317 – 331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman , M.L. 2000 . Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , A.P. , Happé , F.G.E. , Gilbert , F. , Burnett , S. and Viding , E. 2010 . Feeling, caring, knowing: Different types of empathy deficit in boys with psychopathic tendencies and autism spectrum disorder . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 51 ( 11 ) : 1188 – 1197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klin , A. , Saulnier , C.A. , Sparrow , S.S. , Cicchetti , D.V. , Volkmar , F.R. and Lord , C. 2007 . Social and communication abilities and disabilities in higher functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders: The Vineland and the ADOS . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 37 : 748 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klin, A., Volkmar, F. R., & Sparrow, S. S. (Eds.). (2000). Asperger syndrome. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kolhberg, L. (1984). Essays on moral development: Vol. 2.The psychology of moral development: The nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Little , L. 2003 . Material perceptions of the importance of needs and resources for children with Asperger syndrome and nonverbal learning disorders . Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities , 18 ( 4 ) : 257 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Lourenco , O. 2003 . Making sense of Turiel’s dispute with Kohlberg: The case of the child’s moral competence . New Ideas in Psychology , 21 : 43 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , C. and Rossman , G. B. 1995 . Designing qualitative research , 2nd ed. , Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , D.L. 1993 . Pearls, pith, and provocation: Qualitative content analysis: A guide to paths not taken . Qualitative Health Research , 3 ( 1 ) : 112 – 121 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogers , K. , Dziobek , I. , Hassenstab , J. , Wolf , O. T. and Convit , A. 2007 . Who cares? Revisiting empathy in Asperger syndrome . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 37 ( 4 ) : 709 – 715 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selman, R. L. (2003). The promotion of social awareness: Powerful lessons from the partnership of developmental theory and classroom practice. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Takeda , T. , Kasai , K. and Kato , N. 2007 . Moral judgment in high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders . Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 61 ( 4 ) : 407 – 414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turiel , E. 1983 . The development of social knowledge: Morality and convention , Cambridge , MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wainryb, C., Brehl, B. A., & Matwin, S. (2005). Being hurt and hurting others: Children’s narrative accounts and moral judgments of their own interpersonal conflicts. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70(3, Serial No. 281), 1–94.
   Google Scholar
• Zalla , T. , Barlassina , L. , Buon , M. and Leboyer , M. 2011 . Moral judgment in adults with autism spectrum disorders . Cognition , 121 : 115 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar