Problem-solving in Science Education

References

• Adams , W. V. 1972 . Strategy differences between reflective and impulsive children . Child Dev , 43 : 1076 – 1080 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , A. and Bengtsson , M. 1979 . Identification of problem-solving style in relation to choice of subject, direction of research and research aptitude , Nat. Swedish Board of Universities and Colleges, Stockholm Res. & Dev. Unit .
   Google Scholar
• Ashmore , A. D. , Frazer , M. J. and Casey , R. J. 1979 . Problem-solving and problem-solving networks in chemistry . J. Chem. Educ. , 56 ( 6 ) : 377 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aylesworth , T. G. 1960 . Problem-solving: a comparison of the expressed attitudes with the classroom methodology of science teachers in selected high schools . Sci. Educ. , 44 ( 5 ) : 366 – 374 .
   Google Scholar
• Bapat , J. B. 1975 . An attempt to develop a methodology of studying problem-solving strategies , University of East Anglia . Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Barber , T. X. 1973 . “ Pitfalls in research: investigator and experimenter effects ” . In Second Handbook of Research on Teaching , Edited by: Travers , R. M.W. Chicago : Rand McNally College Pub. Co. . (1973)
   Google Scholar
• Barnard , J. D. 1942 . The lecture-demonstration versus the problem-solving method of teaching a college science course . Science Educ. , 26 : 121 – 132 .
   Google Scholar
• Bascones , J. and Novak , J. K. 1985 . Alternative instructional systems and the development of problem-solving skills in physics . Eur. J. Sci. Educ. , 7 ( 3 ) : 253 – 261 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beatty , J. W. and Woolnough , B. E. 1982 . Why do practical work in 11-13 science? . S.S.R. , 63 ( 225 ) : 768 – 770 .
   Google Scholar
• Belanger , M. 1969 . Learning studies in Science Education . Rev. Educ. Res. , 39 : 377 – 395 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzonski , M. D. and Ondrako , M. A. 1974 . Cognitive style and logical deductive reasoning . Expt. Educ. , 43 ( 1 ) : 18 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhaskar , R. and Simon , H. A. 1977 . Problem-solving in semantically rich domains: an example from Engineering Thermodynamics . Cog. Sci. , 1 : 193 – 215 .
   Google Scholar
• Bills , F. L. 1971 . Developing creativity through inquiry . Sci. Educ. , 55 ( 3 ) : 417 – 421 .
   Google Scholar
• Bingham , N. E. 1949 . Bibliography of promising practices in problem-solving at the secondary school level . Science Educ. , 33 : 182 – 183 .
   Google Scholar
• Bliss , J. and Osborn , J. 1979 . The analysis of qualitative data . Eur. J. Sci. Educ. , 1 ( 4 ) : 427 – 440 .
   Google Scholar
• Boone , L. 1965 . Scientific problem-solving and ‘water witching’ . Sci. Educ. , 49 ( 1 ) : 93 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Burnett , R. 1938 . An experiment in the problem approach in the teaching of science . Science Educ. , 22 : 115 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Butts , D. P. 1965 . The relationship of problem-solving ability and science knowledge . Sci. Educ. , 49 ( 2 ) : 138 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Champagne , A. B. , Gunstone , R. F. and Klopfer , L. E. 1982 . A perspective on the differences between expert and novice performance in solving physics problems . Res. in Sci. Educ. , 12 : 71 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Champagne , A. B. , Gunstone , R. F. and Klopfer , L. E. 1983 . Naive knowledge and science learning . Res. in Sci. and Technol. Educ. , 1 ( 2 ) : 173 – 183 .
   Google Scholar
• Champagne , A. B. and Klopfer , L. E. 1977 . A sixty-year perspective on three issues in science education: I. Whose ideas are dominant? II. Representation of women. III. Reflective thinking and problem solving . Science Educ. , 61 ( 4 ) : 431 – 452 .
   Google Scholar
• Chess , E. G. 1962 . The manner in which two samples of ninth-grade general science students analyze a number of selected problems . Sci. Educ. , 46 ( 2 ) : 127 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Das , R. C. 1964 . The problem development method: an experimental tryout in the teaching of science in secondary schools . Sci. Educ. , 48 ( 5 ) : 485 – 488 .
   Google Scholar
• Dawson , M. D. 1956 . Lecture versus problem-solving in teaching elementary soil science . Science Educ. , 40 ( 2 ) : 395 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Dean , P. 1961 . Problem solving techniques in teaching secondary school physics . Science Educ. , 45 ( 5 ) : 399 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• Debney , B. B. 1971 . Creative problem-solving, interests and arts and science , University of Birmingham . Unpublished M.Ed. dissertation.
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , C. 1961 . An attempt to influence performance on an insightful problem . Psychological Reports , 9 : 35 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncker , K. 1945 . On problem-solving . Psychol. Monogr. , 58 ( No.270 )
   Google Scholar
• Dunn , S. K. 1978 . The effects of Holistic-Thematic approach on the problem-solving and creative ability and attitudes of students enrolled in an elementary science education methods course , University of Northern Colorado . Unpublished D.Ed. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Eggleston , J. F. , Galton , M. J. and Jones , M. E. 1975 . A Science Teacher Observation Schedule , London : Schools Council Research Studies, Macmillian Education .
   Google Scholar
• Ericksson , K. and Simon , H. 1980 . Verbal reports as data . Psychol. Rev. , 87 ( 3 ) : 215 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris , F. L. 1962 . Testing in the new curriculum: Numerology, ‘tyranny’, or common sense . Sch. Rev. , 70 : 112 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finegold , M. and Mass , R. 1985 . Differences in the process of solving physics problems between good physics problem solvers and poor physics problem solvers . Res. in Sci. and Technol. Educ. , 3 ( 1 ) : 59 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Foster , G. W. 1981 . Creativity and the Group Solving Process , University of Iowa . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Frazer , M. J. 23rd February 1982 . Solving chemical problems , 23rd February , London : The Royal Society of Chemistry, Nyhohm Lecture .
   Google Scholar
• Frazer , M. J. and Sleet , R. J. 1984 . A study of students' attempts to solve chemical problems . Eur. J. Sci. Educ. , 6 ( 2 ) : 141 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman , D. 1972 . Relation of language to problem-solving ability . Bull. Menninger Clinic , 36 : 583 – 595 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreda , Gareda B. and Alonso , Curbelo A. 1982 . Resolucion de problemas en las clases practicas de fisica . I. Rev. Cubana de Educ. Sup. , 2 ( 4 ) : 52 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• Garrett , R. M. 1984 . Selected Cognitive Styles and Aspects of their Relationship to Problem Solving: An Empirical Study using Problems in Physics , University of Keele . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• George , K. D. 1971 . The inner city child: an attempt to improve his science problem solving skills . Sci. Educ. , 55 ( 4 ) : 527 – 532 .
   Google Scholar
• Getzels , J. W. 1964 . “ Creative thinking, problem solving and instruction ” . In 36th World Year Book of the Nat. Soc. for the Study of Education
   Google Scholar
• Gibian , L. M. 1979 . A Problem Solving Model in a General Chemistry Course , Columbia University Teachers' College . Unpublished Ed. D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Perez , Gil D. and Torregrosa , Martinez J. 1983a . A model for problem solving in accordance with scientific methodology . Eur. J. Sci. Educ. , 54 ( 4 ) : 4488 – 457 .
   Google Scholar
• Perez , Gil D. and Torregrosa , Martinez J. 1983b . Problem solving in Physics: a critical analysis , La Londe les Maures — France : Int. Summer Workshop: Research on Physics Education .
   Google Scholar
• Gil , Perez D. and Torregrosa , Martinez J. Hacia una didactica de la resolucion de problemas como pequenas investigaciones . Simposio de didactia de la Fisica y Quimica . MEC, Alcala Henares .
   Google Scholar
• Gorodetsky , M. and Hoz , R. 1980 . Use of concept profile analysis to identify differences in solving science problems . Sci. Educ. , 64 ( 5 ) : 671 – 678 .
   Google Scholar
• Grant , R. M. 1978 . Group and Individual Problem Solving: High School Students , University of Oklohoma . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Greenfield , L. B. 1979 . Student problem-solving . Engineering Educ. , : 709 – 712 .
   Google Scholar
• Grey , J. S. 1935 . What sort of education is required for democratic citizenship? . School and Society , 42 : 353 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• Greybill , L. 1975 . Sex differences in problem solving . J. Res in Sci. Teaching , 12 : 341 – 346 .
   Google Scholar
• Hacker , R. G. 1984 . A typology of approaches to science teaching in schools . Eur. J. Sci. Educ. , 6 ( 2 ) : 153 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankinson , G. M. , Hudson , M. J. and Sangar , S. C. 1977 . What difficulties to A-level pupils have solving problems which involve the mole concept? . S.S.R. , 59 ( 207 ) : 367 – 369 .
   Google Scholar
• Healey , J.A. D. 1980 . Distillation as a practical problem . S.S.R. , 61 ( 216 ) : 464 – 475 .
   Google Scholar
• Heller , P. A. 1977 . The Relationship between Two Cognitive Styles and One Type of Logical Reasoning , University of Michigan . Unpublished Ph.D. (Educ.) Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Hick , J. L. 1978 . An Evaluation of a Graphical Construction Technique, Designed for Secondary School Students with a Limited Background in Mathematics, for solving Problems in P.S.S.C. Physics , Ill. : North Western University . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Hill , C. C. 1979 . Problem Solving: Learning and teaching. An Annotated Bibliography , London : Francis Pinter .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , D. M. 1978 . A Study of the Relationship between Visualisation and Performance in Solving Problems in Science , University of West Virginia . Unpublished Ed. D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Hohley , R. W. 1979 . Development of Basic Problem Solving Skills in Calculus Based Introductory Physics , Kansas State University . Unpublished Ph.D.
   Google Scholar
• Holt , P. N. 1969 . A Study of Children's Responses to Open-Ended Problems , University of Southampton . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , D. M. , Parrott , G. L. and Stratton , R. P. 1968 . Production and judgement of solutions to five problems . J. Educ. Psychol. , 59 ( 6 ) : 1 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kempa , R. F. 1980 . “ The future ” . In Cognitive Development Research in Science and Mathematics. Proceedings of an International Seminar , Edited by: Archenold , W. F. , Driver , R. H. , Orton , A. and Wood-Robinson , C. The University of Leeds .
   Google Scholar
• Kempa , R. F. and Nicholls , C. 1983 . Problem solving ability and cognitive structure . Eur. J. Sci. Educ. , 5 ( 2 ) : 171 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Khan. , A. A. 1979 . Problem Solving Difficulties in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution and the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzene , University of East Anglia . Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Kirkland , E. R. 1981 . The Feasibility of the use of Dimensional Analysis as a Quantitative Problem solving Technique in High School Physics , Temple University . Unpublished Ed. D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Larkin , J. H. 1980 . “ Teaching problem solving in physics: the psychological laboratory and the practical classroom ” . In Problem solving and Education: Issues in Teaching and Research , Edited by: Tuma , D. T. and Reif , F. New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Larkin , J. and Reif , F. 1979 . Understanding and teaching problem solving in physics . Eur. J. Sci. Educ. , 1 ( 2 ) : 191 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Lehman , J. D. , Kahle , J. B. and Nordland , F. 1981 . Cognitive development creativity; a study in two high schools . Sci. Educ. , 65 ( 2 ) : 197 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Lester , F. K. Jr. 1980 . A procedure for studying the cognitive processes used during problem solving . J. Expt. Educ. , 48 ( 4 ) : 323 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester , F. K. and Proudfit , L. Research relating to problem solving in mathematics with young children. Paper presented at the Henry Lester Smith Educational Research Conference (Quoted in Sherwood (1980)).
   Google Scholar
• Macinnes , I. 1981 . A comparison of methods of solving problems on calorimetry and momentum . SSR , 63 ( 223 ) : 300 – 302 .
   Google Scholar
• Mahan , L. 1970 . Which extreme variant of the problem solving methods of teaching should be more characteristic of the many teacher variations of problem solving teaching? . Sci. Educ. , 54 ( 4 ) : 309 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Mandel , A. 1980 . Problem solving strategies of sixth-grade students who are inferior problem solvers . Sci. Educ. , 64 ( 2 ) : 203 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• MATTHEWS, J., How do Pupils Solve Problems? Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation, University of Reading. (1978)
   Google Scholar
• Mccabe , R. Sister . 1977 . A Study of Students' Difficulties in Solving Chemical Problems , University of East Anglia . Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Mccormack , A. J. 1971 . Effects of selected teaching methods on creative thinking self-evaluation and achievement of students enrolled in an elementary science education methods course . Sci. Educ. , 55 ( 3 ) : 301 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Mealings , R. J. 1963 . Problem solving and science teaching . Educ. Rev. , 15 ( 3 ) : 194 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mettes , C.T.C. W. , Pilot , A. and Roossink , H. J. 1981 . Linking factural and procedural knowledge in solving science problems: A case study in a thermodynamics course . Instructional Sci. , 10 : 333 – 361 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mettes , C. T.C.W. and Pilot , A. 1980 . On Teaching and Learning Problem Solving in Science , Enschede : Twente University of Technology . Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Mettes , C.T.C. W. , Pilot , A. , Roossink , H. J. and Krammers-Pals , H. 1981 . Teaching and learning problem solving in science. Part I: general strategy . J. Chem. Educ. , 57 : 882 – 885 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mettes , C.T.C. W. , Pilot , A. , Roossink , H. J. and Krammers-Pals , H. 1981 . Teaching and learning problem solving in science. Part II: learning problem solving in a thermodynamics course . J. Chem. Educ. , 58 : 51 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , R. F. 1979 . (13 other co-authors known as the Problem solving Project Group, McMaster University). Developing style in solving problems . Engineering Educ. , : 713 – 717 .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , J. 1977 . The Development and use of an Analytical Model for the Investigation of Problems and Problem Solving in Stoichiometry , University of East Anglia . Unpublished M.Sc. dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Mujib , F. 1980 . Students' Problem Solving Behaviours in Selected Problems Related to Undergraduate Physics, with Specific Attention to the Analysis of Protocols , University of London : Chelsea College . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Nasca , D. 1966 . Effect of varied presentations of laboratory exercises within programmed materials on specific intellectual factors of science problem solving behaviour . Sci. Educ. , 50 ( 5 ) : 437 – 457 .
   Google Scholar
• Neal , L. A. 1960 . Techniques for developing methods of scientific enquiry in children in grades one through six . Science Educ. , 45 ( 4 ) : 313 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• Neimark , E. D. 1975 . Longitudinal development of formal operations thought . Genetic Psychol. Mongrs. , 91 : 171 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Newell , A. and Simon , H. A. 1972 . Human Problem Solving , New Jersey : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Nicholls , C. E. 1981 . The Identification of Factors Affecting the Ability of Pupils to Solve Chemistry Problems: A Pilot Study , University of Keele . Unpublished M.Sc. (Science Ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Novak , J. D. 1961 . An approach to the interpretation and measurement of problem-solving ability . Science Educ. , 45 ( 2 ) : 122 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Oburn , E. S. 1941 . Classroom procedures for developing the elements of problem solving . Science Educ. , 25 ( 2 ) : 147 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Oburn , E. S. 1956 . Analysis and checklist on the problem solving objective . Science Educ. , 40 : 338 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Philpot , A. and Sellwood , P. 1983 . An introduction to problem solving activities — some suggestions for design and make . S.S.R. , 65 ( 230 ) : 489 – 500 .
   Google Scholar
• Powell , A. V. 1976 . A Study of Abilities Required for Chemical Problem Solvers , University of East Anglia . Unpublished M.Sc. Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Reiff , F. , Larkin , J. and Brackett , G. C. 1976 . Teaching general learning and problem solving skills . Am. J. Phys. , 44 : 212 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson , J. J. 1981 . Problem Solving Instructions for Physics , Boulder : University of Colorado . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Ridgeway , I. 1980 . Elements of Cognitive Style, Maths Anxiety and Sex as they Relate to Achievement of High School Chemistry Students , Indiana University . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Riggs , V. M. 1962 . A Comparison of two Methods of Teaching College General Chemistry Laboratory , Vol. 23 , 165 – 166 . Oklahoma State University . Doc. Diss., Diss. Abs., (1961)
   Google Scholar
• Ronning , R. R. , Mccurdy , D. and Ballinger , R. 1984 . Individual differences: a third component in problem solving instruction . J. Res. in Sci. Teach. , 21 ( 1 ) : 71 – 82 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , J. M. 1979 . The Effects of Problem Solving on Junior High School Students Ability to Apply and Analyse Earth Science Subject Matter , University of Huston . Unpublished Ed.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Saarni , C. I. 1973 . Piagetian operations and field independence as factors in children's problem solving performance . Child Dev. , 44 : 338 – 345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scandura , J. M. 1977 . Problem Solving: A Structural/Process Approach with Instructional Implications , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sham , M. H. 1976 . Measuring problem solving skills and processes in elementary school children , School of Education, Boston University .
   Google Scholar
• Sherwood , R. D. 1980 . The Effects of Selected Instructional Strategies on the Problem Solving Ability of High School Chemistry Students and Related to their Proportional Reasoning Ability and Verbal-Visual Preference , Indiana University . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Silberg , E. M. 1939 . Developing problem solving abilities in children . Science Educ. , 23 : 126 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , D. P. and Simon , H. A. 1978 . “ Individual differences in solving physics problems ” . In Children's Thinking: What Develops , Edited by: Siegler , R. S. Hillstate, N.Y. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Sobell , H. L. 1980 . A General System Approach to a Language for Problem Analysis , Columbia University Teachers' College . Unpublished Ed. DS. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Slimming , D. 1984 . Problem solving in the Context of the General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level Chemistry Examination , University of Keele . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Squires , F. H. 1977 . An Analysis of Sex Differences and Cognitive Styles on Science Problem Solving Situations , The Ohio State University . Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Staats , A. W. 1957 . Verbal and instrumental response hierarchies and their relationships to problem solving . Am. J. Psychol. , 70 : 442 – 446 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart , J. 1982 . Two aspects of meaningful problem solving in science . Sci. Educ. , 66 ( 5 ) : 731 – 749 .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , J. 1983 . Student problem solving in high school genetics . Sci.Educ. , 67 ( 4 ) : 523 – 540 .
   Google Scholar
• Sweeny , E. 1953 . Sex differences in problem solving , Dept. of Psychology, Stanford University . (ONR Tech. Rep. No.l contract N60NR25125)
   Google Scholar
• Thorsland , M. N. and Novak , J. D. 1974 . The identification and significance of intuitive and analytic problem solving approaches among college physics students . Sci. Educ. , 58 ( 2 ) : 245 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , T. F. 1978 . A Study of Problem Solving Involving Organic Chemistry at Vlth Form Level , University of East Anglia . Unpublished M.Sc. Dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , J. M. 1977 . Practical work in physics in Scottish schools . S.S.R. , 58 ( 205 ) : 783 – 789 .
   Google Scholar
• Witkin , H. A. , Moore , C. C. , Goodenough , D. R. and Cox , P. W. 1977 . Field-dependent and fieldindependent cognitive styles and their educational implications . Rev. of Educ. Res. , 47 ( 1 ) : 1 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , G. C. 1939 . Techniques for developing problem solving abilities through science teaching . Science Educ. , 23 : 78 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Wormack , L. 1980 . Restructuring ability among premedical and predental minority students . J. Res. in Sci. Teaching , 17 ( 6 ) : 577 – 582 .
   Google Scholar