Radical student participation: lessons from an urban government primary school in Tigray, Ethiopia

References

• Abebayehu Tekleselassie . 2005. “Teachers’ Career Ladder Policy in Ethiopia: An Opportunity for Professional Growth or “A Stick Disguised as a Carrot?” International Journal of Educational Development 25 (6): 618–636.10.1016/j.ijedudev.2004.11.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abelmann, Charles , and Richard Elmore . 1999. When Accountability Knocks, Will Anyone Answer? Philadelphia, PA : Consortium for Policy Research in Education, University of Pennsylvania.10.1037/e547102012-001
   Google Scholar
• Adzahlie-Mensah, Vincent . 2014. “Being ‘Nobodies’: School Regimes and Student Identities in Ghana.” PhD thesis, University of Sussex. Accessed 07 09, 15. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/48419/
   Google Scholar
• Amare Girma . 1967. “Aims and Purposes of Church Education in Ethiopia.” Ethiopian Journal of Education X(X), 1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Bach, Jean-Nicholas . 2011. “ Abyotawi Democracy: Neither Revolutionary Nor Democratic, a Critical Review of EPRDF’s Conception of Revolutionary Democracy in Post-1991 Ethiopia.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 5 (4): 641–663.10.1080/17531055.2011.642522
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bae, Berit . 2009. “Children’s Right to Participate – Challenges in Everyday Interactions.” European Early Childhood Education Research Journal 17 (3): 391–406.10.1080/13502930903101594
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, Stephen J. 1981. Beachside Comprehensive: A Case Study of Secondary Schooling . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barrera-Osorio, Felipe , Tazeen Fasih , Harry Anthony Patrinos , and Lucrecia Santibáñez . 2009. Decentralized Decision-Making in Schools: The Theory and Evidence on School-Based Management . Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, Andrew . 1808. The Madras School: Or, Elements of Tuition . Accessed 05 26, 17. https://archive.org/stream/madrasschoolore00bellgoog/madrasschoolore00bellgoog_djvu.txt
   Google Scholar
• Berihu Asgela Siyum, and Mewcha Amha Gebremedhin . 2015. “Teachers in Politics: Impact of Political Party Membership on Teachers’ Freedom and Stability. The Case of Nigste-Saba High School, Adwa, Tigray, Ethiopia.” Journal of Education and Practice 6: 223–235.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, Robert . 1983. Experiencing Comprehensive Education: A Study of Bishop McGregor School . London: Methuen.
   Google Scholar
• Busher, Hugh . 2016. “Student Voice: A Site for Developing Citizenship, a Vehicle for Improving Learning.” In Reimagining the Purpose of Schools and Educational Organisations , edited by Anthony Montgomery and Ian Kehoe , 93–109. Springer international Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-24699-4
   Google Scholar
• Carspecken, Phil . 1995. Critical Ethnography in Educational Research: A Theoretical and Practice Guide . New York : Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Crossley, Michael , Cresantia Frances Koya Vaka’uta , Rosiana Lagi , Simon McGrath , Konai Helu Thaman , and Ledua Waqailiti . 2016. “Quality Education and the Role of the Teacher in Fiji: Mobilising Global and Local Values.” Paper presented at the British Association for International and Comparative Education (BAICE) Conference, Nottingham, September 12-14.
   Google Scholar
• CSA (Central Statistical Agency) . 2007. Population and Housing Census Report . Addis Ababa: CSA.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, Lynn . 2002. “Pupil Voice in Europe.” In Learning Democracy and Citizenship: International Experiences , edited by Lynn Davies , Clive Harber , and Michele Schweisfurth , 37–50. Oxford: Symposium Books.
   Google Scholar
• Duneier, Mitchell . 1999. Sidewalk . New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Ehren, Melanie , David Eddy-Spicer , Mukdarut Bangpan , and Andy Reid . 2017. “School Inspections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Explaining Impact and Mechanisms of Impact.” Compare . Early view 47 (4): 468–482. doi:10.1080/03057925.2016.1239188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fekede Tuli Gemeda and Päivi Tynjälä . 2015. “Professional Learning of Teachers in Ethiopia: Challenges and Implications for Reform.” Australian Journal of Teacher Education 40 (5): 1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielding, Michael , and Jean Rudduck . 2002. “The Transformative Potential of Student Voice: Confronting the Power Issues.” Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the British Educational Research Association, University of Exeter, 12-14 September.
   Google Scholar
• Flutter, Julia . 2007. “Teacher Development and Pupil Voice.” Curriculum Journal 18 (3): 343–354.10.1080/09585170701589983
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel . (1977) 1995. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison . New York : Vintage Books.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, Alison , and Rafael Mitchell . 2017. “Application and Development of an Ethical Framework in the Context of Ethnographic Research at a Government Primary School in Ethiopia.” Paper presented at the European Conference of Educational Research, University College Copenhagen, 22 August.
   Google Scholar
• Gerber, Michael , and James Kauffman . 1981. “Peer Tutoring in Academic Settings.” In The Utilization of Classroom Peers as Behavior Change Agents , edited by Phillip Strain , 155–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2180-2
   Google Scholar
• Guthrie, Gerard . 2017. “The Failure of Progressive Paradigm Reversal.” Compare 47(1): 62–76.10.1080/03057925.2016.1138396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haftu Gebrezgabihe . 2016. “Ethiopia: One-to-Five Family Arrangement Bearing Fruit in Agriculture.” The Ethiopian Herald . Accessed 05 26, 17. http://allafrica.com/stories/201605181030.html
   Google Scholar
• Hammersley, Martyn , and Paul Atkinson . 2007. Ethnography Principles in Practice . 3rd ed. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Harber, Clive . 2010. “Long Time Coming: Children as Only Occasional Decision-Makers in Schools.” In Children as Decision Makers in Education: Sharing Experiences across Cultures , edited by Sue Cox , Anna Robinson-Pant , Caroline Dyer , and Michele Schweisfurth , 35–43. London: Continuum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harber, Clive , and Vusi Mncube . 2012. Education, Democracy and Development: Does Education Contribute to Democratisation in Developing Countries? . Oxford: Symposium Books.10.15730/books.80
   Google Scholar
• Hargreaves, David . 1967. Social Relations in a Secondary School . London: Routledge & K. Paul.10.4324/9780203001837
   Google Scholar
• Hart, Roger . 1992. Children’s Participation: From Tokenism to Citizenship . Florence: UNICEF.
   Google Scholar
• Hendrie, Barbara . 1999. “‘Now the People Are like a Lord’: Local Effects of Revolutionary Reform in a Tigray Village, Northern Ethiopia.” PhD thesis, University of London. Available at: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318003/1/312821.pdf (Accessed 03/08/16).
   Google Scholar
• Hoy, Wayne . 2003. “An Analysis of Enabling and Mindful School Structures: Some Theoretical, Research and Practical Considerations.” Journal of Educational Administration 41 (1): 87–109.10.1108/09578230310457457
   Google Scholar
• Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE) . 2010. Minimum Standards for Education: Preparedness, Response, Recovery . Accessed 06 25, 17 http://www.ineesite.org/en/minimum-standards
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, Ian , Ingrid Lewis , and Paul Mumba . 2007. “Picturing Global Educational Inclusion? Looking and Thinking across Students’ Photographs from the UK, Zambia and Indonesia.” Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 7 (1): 23–35.10.1111/jrse.2007.7.issue-1
   Google Scholar
• Khan, Faryal . 2006. “Who Participates in School Councils and How?” Prospects: Quarterly Review of Comparative Education 36 (1): 97–119.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence-Lightfoot, Sara , and Jessica Davis . 1997. The Art and Science of Portraiture . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Lewin, Keith . 2009. “Access to Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Patterns, Problems and Possibilities.” Comparative Education 45 (2): 151–174.10.1080/03050060902920518
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukes, Steve . 2005. Power: A Radical View . 2nd ed. New York : Palgrave Macmillan.10.1007/978-0-230-80257-5
   Google Scholar
• MacBeath, John , David Frost , and David Pedder . 2008. The Influence and Participation of Children and Young People in Their Learning (IPiL) Project . Accessed 06 28, 16, www.gtce.org.uk/133031/133036/139476/ipilproject
   Google Scholar
• MacNell, Lillian , Adam Driscoll , and Andrea N. Hunt . 2015. “What’s in a Name: Exposing Gender Bias in Student Ratings of Teaching.” Innovative Higher Education 40 (4): 291–303.10.1007/s10755-014-9313-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes, Kenneth , Svea Closser , Ethan Vorel , and Yihenew Tesfaye . 2015. “A Women’s Development Army: Narratives of Community Health Worker Investment and Empowerment in Rural Ethiopia.” Studies in Comparative International Development 50 (4): 455–478.10.1007/s12116-015-9197-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCowan, Tristan . 2010. “‘Prefigurative’ Approaches to Participatory Schooling: Experiences in Brazil.” In Children as Decision Makers in Education: Sharing Experiences across Cultures , edited by Sue Cox , Anna Robinson-Pant , Caroline Dyer , and Michele Schweisfurth , 15–24. London: Continuum Press.
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre, Donald , David Pedder , and Jean Rudduck . 2005. “Pupil Voice: Comfortable and Uncomfortable Learnings for Teachers.” Research Papers in Education 20 (2): 149–168.10.1080/02671520500077970
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education (MOE) . 2005. Education Sector Development Programme III (ESDP III), 2005–2010 . Addis Ababa: MOE.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Rafael . 2015a. “The Implications of School Improvement and School Effectiveness Research for Primary School Principals in Ethiopia.” Educational Review 67 (3): 328–342.10.1080/00131911.2014.927829
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Rafael . 2015b. “The Impossible Dream: Challenges in Reporting an Institutional Ethnography of a Government Primary School in Ethiopia.” Paper presented at the Leicester Ethnography Symposium 2015: Doing Ethnography on crime and control, University of Leicester, 15 May. Accessed 07 24, 16. https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/32294
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Rafael . 2015c. “Relational Ethics in Ethnographic Fieldwork at an Urban Government Primary School in Tigray, Ethiopia.” Accessed 07 24, 16. https://soundcloud.com/socialscience-leics/rafael-podcast-relational-ethics-during-fieldwork
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Rafael . 2015d. “Ecological Ethics during Ethnographic Fieldwork at an Urban Government Primary School in Tigray, Ethiopia.” Accessed 01 28, 17. https://soundcloud.com/uollearniteach/ecological-ethics-during-ethnographic-fieldwork-at-a-primary-school-in-tigray-ethiopia
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Rafael . 2016. “Sharing Responsibility: Student Leadership and Accountability Mechanisms at an Urban Government Primary School in Tigray, Ethiopia.” Paper presented at the School of Education Annual Research Conference, University of Leicester, 27 May. Accessed 07 24, 16. https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/37780
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Rafael . 2017a. “An Ethnographic Case Study of the Agendas, Participation and Influence of Stakeholders at an Urban Government Primary School in Tigray, Ethiopia.” PhD thesis, University of Leicester.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, Rafael . 2017b. “Democracy or Control? The Participation of Management, Teachers, Students and Parents in School Leadership in Tigray, Ethiopia.” International Journal of Educational Development 55: 49–55.10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.05.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitra, Dana . 2004. “The Significance of Students: Can Increasing Student Voice in Schools Lead to Gains in Youth Development?” Teachers College Record 106 (4): 651–688.10.1111/tcre.2004.106.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mjaaland, Thera . 2016. “Negotiating Gender Norms in the Context of Equal Access to Education in North-Western Tigray, Ethiopia.” Gender and Education Early View . doi:10.1080/09540253.2016.1175550.
   Google Scholar
• MOE . 2007. Excellence in Ethiopian Schools: Handbook for Guidance of Self-Assessment and School Improvement Planning . Addis Ababa: MOE.
   Google Scholar
• MOE . 2008. General Education Quality Improvement Package (GEQIP) . Addis Ababa: MOE.
   Google Scholar
• MOE . 2010. School Improvement Program Guidelines (Final Draft): Improving the Quality of Education and Student Results for All Children at Primary and Secondary Schools . Addis Ababa: MOE.
   Google Scholar
• MOE . 2015. Education Sector Development Program V (ESDP V) 2015/2016 – 2019/2020 . Addis Ababa: MOE.
   Google Scholar
• OED Online . 2016. “Radical, Adj. and N.” Oxford University Press. Accessed 12 31, 16. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/157251?rskey=kgFTat&result=1&isAdvanced=false.
   Google Scholar
• Omolewa, Michael . 2007. “Traditional African Modes of Education: Their Relevance in the Modern World.” International Review of Education 53 (5-6): 593–612.10.1007/s11159-007-9060-1
   Google Scholar
• Piper, Benjamin . 2010. Ethiopia Early Grade Reading Assessment: Data Analysis Report: Language and Early Learning . Accessed 04 01, 13. https://www.eddataglobal.org
   Google Scholar
• Poluha, Eva . 2004. The Power of Continuity: Ethiopia through the Eyes of Its Children . Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.
   Google Scholar
• Reigart, John . 1916. The Lancasterian System of Instruction in the Schools of New York City . New York : Teachers College, Columbia University. Accessed 05 26, 17. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_6316626_000/ldpd_6316626_000.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rolleston, Caine . 2016. Escaping a Low-Level Equilibrium of Educational Quality . RISE Working Paper 16/008. Accessed 06 25, 17. http://www.riseprogramme.org/content/rise-working-paper-16008-escaping-low-%C2%ADlevel-equilibrium-educational-quality
   Google Scholar
• Rose, Pauline . 2003. “Community Participation in School Policy and Practice in Malawi: Balancing Local Knowledge, National Policies and International Agency Priorities.” Compare 33 (1): 47–64.10.1080/03057920302597
   Google Scholar
• Rose, Pauline , and Benjamin Alcott . 2015. How Can Education Systems Become Equitable by 2030? DFID Think Pieces – Learning and Equity . Report prepared for UK Department for International Development. Oxford, UK: Health & Education Advice and Resource Team.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, Pauline , and Tassew Woldehanna . 2017. “What Will It Take to Raise Learning Outcomes for All Children in Ethiopia? Translating Commitment into Action through Evidence.” Accessed 08 01, 17. http://www.riseprogramme.org/content/what-will-it-take-raise-learningoutcomes-all-children-ethiopia-translating-commitment
   Google Scholar
• Rudduck, Jean , and Donald McIntyre . 2007. Improving Learning through Consulting Pupils . London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Rudduck, Jean , Roland Chaplain , and Gwen Wallace . 1996. School Improvement: What Can Pupils Tell Us? . London: D. Fulton Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Sarton, Emma , Julia Lalla-Maharaj , and Nick Parsons . 2009. How Much is a Good Teacher worth? A Report on the Motivation and Morale of Teachers in Ethiopia . Addis Ababa: VSO.
   Google Scholar
• Stenhouse, Lawrence . 1978. “Case Study and Case Records: Towards a Contemporary History of Education.” British Educational Research Journal 4 (2): 21–39.10.1080/0141192780040202
   Google Scholar
• Stutchbury, Kris , and Alison Fox . 2009. “Ethics in Educational Research: Introducing a Methodological Tool for Effective Ethical Analysis.” Cambridge Journal of Education , 39(4): 489–504.
   Google Scholar
• Tabulawa, Richard . 2013. Teaching and Learning in Context: Why Pedagogical Reforms Fail in Sub-Saharan Africa . Oxford: CODESRIA.
   Google Scholar
• Tassew Woldehanna, and Aregawi Gebremedhin . 2016. Learning Outcomes of Children Aged 12 in Ethiopia . Oxford: Young Lives. Accessed 07 24, 16. http://www.younglives.org.uk/sites/www.younglives.org.uk/files/YL-WP152-Learning%20outcomes%20in%20Ethiopia.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tekeste Negash . 2006. Education in Ethiopia: From Crisis to the Brink of Collapse . Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Accessed 07 24, 16. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:240545/FULLTEXT02.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan, Sarah . 2011. “Revolutionary Democratic State-Building: Party, State and People in the EPRDF’s Ethiopia.” Journal of Eastern African Studies 5 (4): 619–640.10.1080/17531055.2011.642520
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weldemariam Nigusse Reda, and Girmay Tsegay Hagos . 2015. “The Practices of Student Network as Cooperative Learning in Ethiopia.” Africa Education Review 12 (4): 696–712.10.1080/18146627.2015.1112162
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolcott, Harry F. 1967. A Kwakiutl Village and School . New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Wolcott, Harry F. . 1995. The Art of Fieldwork . Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.
   Google Scholar
• Workneh Abebe . 2012. School Management and Decision-Making in Ethiopian Government Schools: Evidence from the Young Lives Qualitative School Survey . Oxford: Young Lives.
   Google Scholar
• Young, John . 1997. Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People’s Liberation Front, 1975–1991 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511598654
   Google Scholar
• Young, Tricia . 2016. “‘Pikin to Pikin Tok’: A Participatory and Child-Friendly Radio for Education Programme in Sierra Leone.” Enabling Education Review Issue 5: 4–5.
   Google Scholar