Agency, autonomy, and power of international students in interactions with local society in Japan through an experiential learning project

References

• Alsop, R., M. Bertelsen, and J. Holland. 2006. Empowerment in Practice: From Analysis to Implementation. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. L. 2016. “Instructor Influence on Student Intercultural Learning during Instructor-led, Short-Term Study Abroad”. A Doctoral Dissertation. University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Arasaratnam-Smith, L. 2017. “Intercultural Competence: An Overview.” In Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: International Approaches, Assessment and Application, edited by D. K. Deardorff and L. Arasaratnam-Smith, 7–18. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bachnik, J. 1992. “Kejime: Defining a Shifting Self in Multiple Organizational Modes.” In Japanese Sense of Self, edited by N. Rosenberger, 152–172. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. 1997. Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W. H. Freeman.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. 1999. “Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective.” Asian Journal of Social Psychology 2 (1): 21–41. doi:10.1111/1467-839X.00024.
   Google Scholar
• Barker, G. 2018. “Third-Culture Individuals.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 1904–1911. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Bathurst, L. 2015. “Power.” In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Intercultural Competence, edited by J. Bennett, 684–688. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, M. 2012. “Paradigmatic Assumptions and a Developmental Approach to Intercultural Learning.” In Student Learning Abroad: What Our Students are Learning, What They’re Not, and What We Can Do about It, edited by M. Vande Berg, M. Paige, and K. H. Lou, 90–114. Sterling: Stylus Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, M. 2018. “Constructivist Approach to Intercultural Communication.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 310–318. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Berwick, R., and T. Whalley. 2000. “The Experiential Bases of Culture Learning: A Case Study of Canadian High Schoolers in Japan.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 24 (3): 325–340. doi:10.1016/S0147-1767(00)00004-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H.-C. 2018. “Communication Modes, Asian.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 127–135. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Chapdelaine, R. F., and L. Alexitch. 2004. “Social Skills Difficulty: Model of Culture Shock for International Graduate Students.” Journal of College Student Development 45 (2): 167–184. doi:10.1353/csd.2004.0021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covert, H. H. 2014. “Stories of Personal Agency: Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Developing Intercultural Competence during a Semester Abroad in Chile.” Journal of Studies in International Education 18 (2): 162–179. doi:10.1177/1028315313497590.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Louw, E., and C. Bulnes. 2021. “Intercultureality: Making Global Education Work in Local Contexts.” In Reshaping International Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: University in the Information Age, edited by P. G. Nixon, V. P. Dennen, and R. Rawal, 80–92. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• De Vita, G. 2005. “Fostering Intercultural Learning through Multicultural Group Work.” In Teaching International Students: Improving Learning for All, edited by J. Carroll and J. Ryan, 75–83. London and New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• De Wit, H. 2015. “Forward 2.” In Demystifying Outcomes Assessment for International Educators: A Practical Approach, edited by D. Deardorff, xiii–xv. Sterling: Stylus Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Deardorff, D. 2016. “Outcomes Assessment in International Education.” In Global and Local Internationalization, edited by E. Jones, R. Coelen, J. Beelen, and H. De Wit, 83–89. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Doherty, C., and P. Singh. 2005. “How the West Is Done: Simulating Western Pedagogy in a Curriculum for Asian International Students.” In Internationalizing Higher Education: Critical Perspective for Critical Times, edited by P. Ninnes and M. Hellstén, 53–74. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press and Kluwer Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dunne, C. 2009. “Host Students’ Perspectives of Intercultural Contact in an Irish University.” Journal of Studies in International Education 13 (2): 222–239. doi:10.1177/1028315308329787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fozdar, F., and S. Volet. 2016. “Cultural Self-Identification and Orientations to Cross-Cultural Mixing on an Australian University Campus.” Journal of Intercultural Studies 37: 51–68. doi:10.1080/07256868.2015.1119674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, Y., X. Gao, M. Li, and C. Lai. 2020. “Cultural Adaptation Challenges and Strategies during Study Abroad: New Zealand Students in China.” Language, Culture and Curriculum 1–21. doi:10.1080/07908318.2020.1856129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin, C. 1996. “Experiencing Power: Dimensions of Gender, ‘Race’ and Class.” In Practicing Feminism: Identity, Difference, Power, edited by N. Charles and F. Hughes-Freeland, 180–201. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hasselberger, W. 2012. “Agency, Autonomy, and Social Intelligibility.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 93 (2): 255–278. doi:10.1111/J.1468-0114.2012.01419.X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henthorne, T., M. Miller, and T. Hudson. 2001. “Building and Positioning Successful Study-Abroad Programs.” Journal of Teaching in International Business 12 (4): 49–62. doi:10.1300/J066v12n04_04.
   Google Scholar
• Hiroshima University. 2020. “Guide for International Students 2020.” Accessed 1 September 2020. https://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/system/files/147271/Leaf%20A4%202020.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Holtbrügge, D., and S. C. Berning. 2018. “Email Communication Styles Across Cultures.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 696–700. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Howe, E. 2009. “The Internationalization of Higher Education in East Asia: A Comparative Ethnographic Narrative of Japanese Universities.” Research in Comparative and International Education 4 (4): 384–392. doi:10.2304/rcie.2009.4.4.384.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Z. M. 2021. “Intercultural Personhood: A Non-essentialist Conception of Individuals for Intercultural Research.” Language and Intercultural Communication 21 (1): 83–101. doi:10.1080/14708477.2020.1833898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JASSO (Japan Student Services Organization). 2021. “2020年度外国人留学生在籍状況調査” [2020 Research on International Students’ Enrolment]. Accessed 28 May 2021. https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/ja/statistics/zaiseki/data/2019.html
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, D., and F. Johnson. 2014. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills. Essex: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, D., R. Johnson, and E. J. Holubec. 1994. The Nuts and Bolts of Cooperative Learning. Edina: Interaction Book Company.
   Google Scholar
• Jon, J.-E. 2012. “Power Dynamics with International Students: From the Perspective of Domestic Students in Korean Higher Education.” Higher Education 64 (4): 441–454. doi:10.1007/s10734-011-9503-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamara, A. 2017. “International Students and ‘The Presentation of Self’ across Cultures.” Journal of International Students 7 (2): 291–310. doi:10.32674/jis.v7i2.382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. 2020. “International Students’ Intercultural Sensitivity in Their Academic socialisation to a non-English-speaking Higher Education: A Korean Case Study.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 44 (7): 939–955. doi:10.1080/0309877X.2019.1627298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. Y. 2009. “The Identity Factor in Intercultural Competence.” In The SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence, edited by D. K. Deardorff, 53–65. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• King, P. M, R. J. Perez, and W.-j. Shim. 2013. “How College Students Experience Intercultural Learning: Key Features and Approaches.” Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 6 (2): 69–83. doi:10.1037/a0033243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb, D. 1984. Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Kondo, D. 1990. Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kudo, K., S. Volet, and C. Whitsed. 2019. “Development of Intercultural Relationships at University: A Three-Stage Ecological and Person-in-Context Conceptual Framework.” Higher Education 77 (3): 473–489. doi:10.1007/s10734-018-0283-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudo, K., S. Volet, and C. Whitsed. 2020. “Intercultural Relationship Development and Higher Education Internationalisation: A Qualitative Investigation Based on A Three-Stage Ecological and Person-in-Context Conceptual Framework.” Higher Education 80 (5): 913–932. doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00523-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leask, B. 2009. “Using Formal and Informal Curricula to Improve Interactions between Home and International Students.” Journal of Studies in International Education 13 (2): 205–221. doi:10.1177/1028315308329786.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H. E. 2018. “Favor-Seeking Styles in Japan and the United States.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 780–787. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Lillyman, S., and C. Bennett. 2014. “Providing A Positive Learning Experience for International Students Studying at UK Universities: A Literature Review.” Journal of Research in International Education 13 (1): 63–75. doi:10.1177/1475240914529859.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, M., and L. Zhu. 2018. “Negotiation Strategies Across Cultures.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 1595–1604. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Long, S. O., Y. S. Akande, R. W. Purdy, and K. Nakano. 2010. “Deepening Learning and Inspiring Rigor: Bridging Academic and Experiential Learning Using a Host Country Approach to a Study Tour.” Journal of Studies in International Education 14 (1): 89–111. doi:10.1177/1028315308327952.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J., and Q. Wen. 2018. “Understanding International Students’ In-Class Learning Experiences in Chinese Higher Education Institutions.” Higher Education Research & Development 37 (6): 1186–1200. doi:10.1080/07294360.2018.1477740.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marginson, S. 2014. “Student Self-Formation in International Education.” Journal of Studies in International Education 18 (1): 6–22. doi:10.1177/1028315313513036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel Jr., C.O., N.C. McDaniel, and A. K. McDaniel. 1988. “Transferability of Multicultural Education from Training to Practice.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 12 (1): 19–33. doi:10.1016/0147-1767(88)90004-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel, E., and H. Ota. 2018. “Communication Modes, Japanese.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 201–210. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology). 2019. “Top Global University Project.” Accessed 20 August 2020. https://www.mext.go.jp/en/policy/education/highered/title02/detail02/sdetail02/1395420.htm
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication. 2020. “「地域における多文化共生推進プラン」の改訂” [Revision of ‘The Multicultural Co-existence Promotion Plan in Local Society’]. Accessed 14 December 2020. https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01gyosei05_02000138.html
   Google Scholar
• Murray-García, J., and M. Tervalon. 2017. “Rethinking Intercultural Competence: Cultural Humility in Internationalizing Higher Education.” In Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: International Approaches, Assessment and Application, edited by D. Deardorff and L. Arasaratnam-Smith, 19–31. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Nadeem, M. U., R. Mohammed, and S. Dalib. 2020. “Retesting Integrated Model of Intercultural Communication Competence (IMICC) on International Students from the Asian Context of Malaysia.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 74: 17–29. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.10.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan, G. 2015. “A Non-essentialist Model of Culture: Implications of Identity, Agency, and Structure within Multinational/Multicultural Organizations.” International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 15 (1): 101–124. doi:10.1177/1470595815572171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuliep, J. 2018. “Intercultural Communication Apprehension, Japanese.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 906–965. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Ninomiya, A., M. Urabe, and S. Almonte-Acosta. 2015. “Conceptualization of Global Human Resource in Japan and Its Development Initiatives: Focusing on the Super Global High School Program.” Pacific-Asian Education 27 (1): 37–46.
   Google Scholar
• Page, A. G., and S. Chahboun. 2019. “Emerging Empowerment of International Students: How International Student Literature Has Shifted to Include the Students’ Voices.” Higher Education 78 (3): 871–885. doi:10.1007/s10734-019-00375-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paracka, D., and T. Pynn. 2017. “Towards Transformative Reciprocity: Mapping the Intersectionality of Interdisciplinary Intercultural Competence.” In Intercultural Competence in Higher Education: International Approaches, Assessment and Application, edited by D. Deardorff and L. Arasaratnam-Smith, 43–52. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, F. 2017. “Deconstructing Internationalization: Advocating Glocalization in International Higher Education.” Journal of International and Global Studies 8 (2): 64–82.
   Google Scholar
• Peabody, M. A., and E. Turesky. 2018. “Shared Leadership Lessons: Adapting LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® in Higher Education.” International Journal of Management and Applied Research 5 (4): 210–223. doi:10.18646/2056.54.18-015.
   Google Scholar
• Perez-Encinas, A., and J. Rodriguez-Pomeda. 2019. “Geographies and Cultures of International Student Experiences in Higher Education: Shared Perspectives between Students from Different Countries.” Journal of International Students 9 (2): 412–431. doi:10.32674/jis.v9i2.271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, R. L., A. L. Reynolds, and J. A. Mueller. 2014. Creating Multicultural Change on Campus. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, J., and E. Smyth. 1995. “Differentiating Cooperative Learning to Meet the Needs of Gifted Learners: A Case for Transformational Leadership.” Journal for the Education of the Gifted 19 (1): 63–82. doi:10.1177/016235329501900105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawir, E., S. Marginson, H. Forbes-Mewett, C. Nyland, and G. Ramia. 2012. “International Student Security and English Language Proficiency.” Journal of Studies in International Education 16 (5): 434–454. doi:10.1177/1028315311435418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, A. 1985. “Well-being, Agency and Freedom: The Dewey Lectures 1984.” The Journal of Philosophy 82 (4): 169–221. doi:10.2307/2026184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, J. K. N. 2018. “What are the Factors that Contribute to Postgraduate International Students’ Academic Success? A Malaysian Qualitative Study.” Higher Education Research and Development 37 (5): 1035–1049. doi:10.1080/07294360.2018.1467383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzberg, B., and G. Changnon. 2009. “Conceptualizing Intercultural Competence.” In The SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence, edited by D. Deardorff, 2–52. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Strange, H., and H. Gibson. 2017. “An Investigation of Experiential and Transformative Learning in Study Abroad Programs.” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 29 (1): 85–100. doi:10.36366/frontiers.v29i1.387.
   Google Scholar
• Sung, C. C. M. 2021. “International Students’ Negotiation of Identities during Transnational Studies in Hong Kong: The Role of Language.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 51 (5): 764–781. doi:10.1080/03057925.2019.1674635.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takemura, K., and M. Yuki. 2007. “Are Japanese Groups More Competitive than Japanese Individuals? A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Interindividual-Intergroup Discontinuity Effect.” International Journal of Psychology 42 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1080/00207590500411534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsunematsu, N. 2019. “多国籍留学生が体験学習から捉えた日本社会との接触における課題” [Intercultural Challenges of International Students in Their Association with Japanese Society through Experiential Learning]. 留学生教育 Journal of International Student Education 24: 11–21.
   Google Scholar
• Vande Berg, M., M. Paige, and K. H. Lou. 2012. “Student Learning Abroad: Paradigms and Assumptions”. In Student Learning Abroad: What Our Students are Learning, What They’re Not, and What We Can Do about It, edited by M. Vande Berg, M. Paige, and K. H. Lou, 3–28. Sterling: Stylus Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Vande Berg, M., M. Quinn, and C. Menyhart. 2012. “An Experiment in Developmental Teaching and Learning.” In Student Learning Abroad: What Our Students are Learning, What They’re Not, and What We Can Do about It, edited by M. Vande Berg, M. Paige, and K. H. Lou, 383–407. Sterling: Stylus Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, C., S. Bochner, and A. Furnham. 2001. The Psychology of Culture Shock. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Whitsed, C., and S. Volet. 2011. “Fostering the Intercultural Dimensions of Internationalisation in Higher Education: Metaphors and Challenges in the Japanese Context.” Journal of Studies in International Education 15 (2): 146–170. doi:10.1177/1028315309357941.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, D. B., S. Yamamura, and J. Rappleye. 2008. “Frontiers of Education: Japan as ‘Global Model’ or ‘Nation at Risk’?” International Review of Education 54 (3–4): 493–515. doi:10.1007/S11159-008-9090-3.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson-Forsberg, S. C., P. Power, V. Kilgour, and S. Darling. 2018. “From Class Assignment to Friendship: Enhancing the Intercultural Competence of Domestic and International Students through Experiential Learning.” Comparative and International Education 47 (1). doi:10.5206/cie-eci.v47i1.9322.
   Google Scholar
• Woolf, M. 2007. “Impossible Things Before Breakfast: Myths in Education Abroad.” Journal of Studies in International Education 11 (3/4): 496–509. doi:10.1177/1028315307304186.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, X. 2019. “China ‘Goes Out’ in a Centre-Periphery World: Incentivizing International Publications in the Humanities and Social Sciences.” Higher Education 80 (1): 157–172. doi:10.1007/s10734-019-00470-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamagishi, T., and M. Yamagishi. 1994. “Trust and Commitment in the United States and Japan.” Motivation and Emotion 18 (2): 129–166. doi:10.1007/BF02249397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, R. P., K. A. Noels, and K. D. Saumure. 2006. “Multiple Routes to Cross- Cultural Adaptation for International Students: Mapping the Paths between Self-Construals, English Language Confidence, and Adjustment.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 30 (4): 487–506. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.11.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y. B., and H. Giles. 2018. “Communication Accommodation Theory.” In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication, edited by Y. Y. Kim, 95–108. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, Y., and F. Bargiela-Chiappini. 2013. “Balancing Emic and Etic: Situated Learning and Ethnography of Communication in Cross-Cultural Management Education.” Academy of Management Learning & Education 12 (3): 380–395. doi:10.5465/amle.2012.0221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar