NOTES AND REFERENCES
- The research for this paper was made possible by an AID 211 D grant administered by the Center for Latin American Studies, UCLA
- In Venezuela campesino usually refers to a farmer who works either a subsistence holding or one which produces a small surplus
- Myrdal , G. 1968 . Asian Drama , Vol. I, II, III , New York : Pantheon .
- Kahl , J. 1968 . The Measurement of Modernism , Austin : University of Texas Press .
- Inkeles , A. 1969 . Making men modern . American Journal of Sociology , 75 ( 2 ) : 208 – 226 .
- Kazamias , A. 1967 . Potential elites in Turkey . Comparative Education Review , 11 ( 1 ) : 22 – 39 .
- Peshkin , A. 1970 . Education and modernism in Borneo . Comparative Education Review , 14 ( 3 ) : 283 – 300 .
- Havighurst , R. and Gouveia , A.J. 1969 . Brazilian Secondary Education and Socio‐Economic Development , New York : Praeger .
- Holsinger , D.B. 1973 . The elementary school as modernizer, a Brazilian study . International Journal of Comparative Sociology , 14 : 180 – 202 .
- Armer , M. and Youtz , R. Formal education and individual modernity in an African society . American Journal of Sociology , 76 ( 1 ) 604 – 626 .
- Where an individual served as the representative for more than one child he or she was counted twice. The actual totals of different representatives were 21 and 51 respectively
- Smith , D. and Inkeles , A. 1966 . The OM scale: a comparative socio‐psychological measure of individual modernity . Sociometry , 29 ( 4 ) : 353 – 377 .
- Kahl . op. cit. ,
- Armer , A. and Schnaiberg , A. 1972 . Measuring individual modernity: a near myth . American Sociological Review , 37 ( 3 ) : 301 – 316 . They criticize the use of individual modernity scales by suggesting that none of those investigated could accurately discriminate between modernity and certain other constructs. Inkeles, A. & Smith, D. (1974) Becoming Modern (Cambridge, Harvard Press). They have countered this argument by pointing out the limited nature of the Armer & Schnaiberg research and the large body of cross‐cultural evidence supporting their own position
- It must be remembered that the discussion focuses on students who have already survived at least three years of schooling and that they indeed may have more modern parents than those students who have already dropped out