11,344
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Conjugated oppression within contemporary capitalism: class, caste, tribe and agrarian change in India

ORCID Icon &

References

  • Abraham, V. 2017. “Stagnant Employment Growth.” Economic and Political Weekly 52 (38): 13–17.
  • Agarwala, R. 2013. Informal Labor, Formal Politics, and Dignified Discontent in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ambedkar, B. R. 1989. “Untouchables or the Children of India’s Ghetto.” In Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings and Speeches, compiled by V. Moon, vol. 5, 381–449. Bombay: Education Department Government of Maharashtra.
  • Anandhi, S. 2017. “Gender Negotiations of Caste Identity: Dalit Women’s Activism in Rural Tamil Nadu.” In Dalit Women. Vanguard of an Alternative Politics in India, edited by S. Anandhi, and K. Kapadia, 97–130. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Anderson, K. 2010. Marx at the Margins: On Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Non-Western Societies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Bailey, F. G. 1961. “‘Tribe’ and ‘Caste’ in India.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 5: 7–19.
  • Balibar, E. 1991a. “Class Racism.” In Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities, edited by E. Balibar, and I. Wallerstein, 204–216. London: Verso Books.
  • Balibar, E. 1991b. “Racism and Crisis.” In Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities, edited by E. Balibar, and I. Wallerstein, 217–227. London: Verso Books.
  • Banaji, J. 2003. “The Fictions of Free Labour: Contract, Coercion, and so-Called Unfree Labour.” Historical Materialism 11 (3): 69–95. doi: 10.1163/156920603770678319
  • Banaji, J. 2010. Theory as History. Essays on Modes of Production and Exploitation.
  • Banerjee, P. 2016. “Writing the Adivasi: Some Historiographical Notes.” Indian Economic and Social History Review 53 (1): 131–153. doi: 10.1177/0019464615619549
  • Becker, M. 2008. Indians and Leftists in the Making of Ecuador’s Modern Indigenous Movements. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Bernstein, H. 2007. “Capital and Labour From Centre to Margins.” Keynote address at living on the margins: vulnerability, exclusion and the state in the informal economy conference, Isandla Institute, Cape Town, 26–28 March.
  • Bernstein, H. 2016. “Revisiting Agrarian Transition: Reflections on Long Histories and Current Realities.” In Critical Perspectives on Agrarian Transitions. India in the Global Debate, edited by B. B. Mohanty, 67–91. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Bhattacharya, T. 2017. “Introduction: Mapping Social Reproduction Theory.” In Social Reproduction Theory. Remapping Class, Recentering Opresssion, edited by T. Bhattacharya, 1–20. London: Pluto Press.
  • Bourgois, P. 1988. “Conjugated Oppression: Class and Ethnicity among Guaymi and Kuna Banana Workers.” American Ethnologist 15 (2): 328–348. doi: 10.1525/ae.1988.15.2.02a00080
  • Bourgois, P. 1989. Ethnicity at Work. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Bourgois, P. 1995. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Breman, J. 1974. Patronage and Exploitation: Changing Agrarian Relations in South Gujarat, India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Breman, J. 1996. Footloose Labour: Working in India’s Informal Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Breman, J. 2003. The Labouring Poor in India: Patterns of Exploitation, Subordination, and Exclusion. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Breman, J. 2007. Labour Bondage in India: From Past to Present. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Byres, T. J. 1996. Capitalism From Above and Capitalism From Below. An Essay in Comparative Political Economy. London: Macmillan.
  • Camfield, D. 2016. “Elements of a Historical-Materialist Theory of Racism.” Historical Materialism 24 (1): 31–70. doi: 10.1163/1569206X-12341453
  • Carswell, G., and G. De Neve. 2014. “T-shirts and Tumblers: Caste, Dependency and Work Under Neoliberalisation in South India.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 48 (1): 103–131. doi: 10.1177/0069966713502423
  • Chandavarkar, R. 1999. “Questions of Class: the General Strikes in Bombay, 1928–29.” Contributions to Indian Sociology 33 (1–2): 205–237. doi: 10.1177/006996679903300110
  • Charsley, S. 1996. “‘Untouchable’: What is in a Name?” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 2 (1): 1–23. doi: 10.2307/3034630
  • Chevalier, L. 1981 [1973]. Labouring Classes and Dangerous Classes: In Paris During the First Half of the Nineteenth Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Cox, O. C. 1970 [1948]. Caste, Class, and Race. A Study in Social Dynamics. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Crenshaw, K. W. 1989. “Demarginalising the Intersection of Race and Gender: a Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1 (8): 138–167.
  • Da Corta, L., and D. Venkateswarlu. 1999. “Unfree Relations and the Feminisation of Agricultural Labour in Andhra Pradesh, 1970–1995.” Journal of Peasant Studies 26 (2/3): 71–139. doi: 10.1080/03066159908438705
  • Das, A. N. 1984. “Class in Itself, Caste for Itself: Social Articulation in Bihar.” Economic & Political Weekly 19 (37): 1616–1619.
  • Desai, S., and A. Dubey. 2011. “Caste in 21st Century India: Competing Narratives.” Economic and Political Weekly 46 (11): 40–49.
  • Deshpande, A. 2011. The Grammar of Caste: Economic Discrimination in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Dominguez, E. M., ed. 2013. Race in Cuba: Essays on Revolution and Racial Inequality. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Du Bois, W. E. B. 1998 [1935]. Black Reconstruction in America 1860–1880. New York: The Free Press.
  • Dumont, L. 1970. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications. London: Wiedenfeld & Nicolson.
  • The Economic & Political Weekly. 2016. “The Dalit Question.” Editorial 51 (52): 8.
  • Farris, S. 2015. “Social Reproduction, Surplus Populations and the Role of Migrant Women.” Viewpoint Magazine. Issue 5. https://www.viewpointmag.com/2015/11/01/social-reproduction-and-surplus-populations/.
  • Federici, S. 2004. Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation. New York: Autonomedia.
  • Ferguson, A., R. Hennessy, and M. Nagel. 2016. “Feminist Perspectives on Class and Work.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta. Winter 2016 Edition. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/feminism-class/.
  • Ferguson, S., and D. McNally. 2014. “Precarious Migrants: Gender, Race and the Social Reproduction of a Global Working Class.” Socialist Register 2015: 1–23.
  • Fuller, C. 2011. “Caste, Race, and Hierarchy in the American South.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) 17: 604–621. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9655.2011.01709.x
  • Ghandy, A. 2011. Scripting the Change: Selected Writings of Anuradha Ghandy. New Delhi: Danish Books.
  • Government of India. 2017. Economic Survey 2016–17. Ministry of Finance. Accessed April 30, 2017. http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2016-17/echapter.pdf.
  • Guha, R. 2007. “Adivasis, Naxalites and Indian Democracy.” Economic and Political Weekly 42 (32): 3305–3312.
  • Guru, G., and A. Chakravarty. 2005. “Who Are the Country’s Poor? Social Movement Politics and Dalit Poverty.” In Social Movements in India: Poverty, Power, and Politics, edited by R. Ray, and M. F. Katzenstein, 135–160. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Habib, I. 1963. The Agrarian System of Mughal India (1556–1707). London: Asia Publishing House.
  • Habib, I. 1995. “Caste in Indian History.” In Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception, 161–179. New Delhi: Tulika.
  • Hall, S. 1986. “Gramsci’s Relevance for the Study of Race and Ethnicity.” Journal of Communication Inquiry 10 (5): 5–27. doi: 10.1177/019685998601000202
  • Hall, S. 2016. Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History. Durham and London: Duke University Press.
  • Harriss-White, B., and N. Gooptu. 2000. “Mapping India’s World of Unorganised Labour.” Socialist Register 37: 89–118.
  • Higham, R., and A. Shah. 2013. “Conservative Force or Contradictory Resource? Education and Affirmative Action in Jharkhand, India.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 43 (6): 718–739. doi: 10.1080/03057925.2012.746897
  • Himanshu, P. Jha, and G. Rodgers, eds. 2016. The Changing Village in India: Insights From Longitudinal Research. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Humphries, J. 1990. “Enclosures, Common Rights, and Women: The Proletarianization of Families in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries.” The Journal of Economic History 50 (1): 17–42. doi: 10.1017/S0022050700035701
  • Institute for Human Development. 2014. India Labour and Employment Report 2014. New Delhi: Academic Foundation and Institute for Human Development.
  • Institute for Human Development. 2016. India Labour and Employment Report 2016. A. K Ghose. New Delhi: Academic Foundation and Institute for Human Development.
  • Ismail, F., and A. Shah. 2015. “Class Struggle, the Maoists and the Indigenous Question in Nepal and India.” Economic & Political Weekly 35 (29): 112–123.
  • Kagal, N. 2017. “‘In the Union I Found Myself’: the Impact of Collectivization of Informal Economy Women Workers on Gender Relations Within the Home.” Unpublished PhD Thesis SOAS, University of London.
  • Kandiyoti, D. 1988. “Bargaining with Patriarchy.” Gender & Society 2 (3): 274–290. doi: 10.1177/089124388002003004
  • Kannan, K. P. 2012. “How Inclusive is Inclusive Growth in India?” Indian Journal of Labour Economics 55 (1): 33–60.
  • Kapadia, K. 1995. Siva and her Sisters: Gender, Caste, and Class in Rural South India. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Kapadia, K. 2017. “Introduction: We Ask You to Rethink: Different Dalit Women and Their Subaltern Politics.” In Dalit Women. Vanguard of an Alternative Politics in India, edited by S. Anandhi, and K. Kapadia, 1–51. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Kumar, D. 1965. Land and Caste in South India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lenin, V. 1919. “A Great Beginning. Heroism of the Workers in the Rear. “Communist Subbotniks’.” Collected Works 29: 408–434. Progress Publishers. Online version: marx.org 1996; marxists.org 1999. https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/jun/19.htm.
  • Lenin, V. n.d. [1917]. The State and Revolution, Chapter 2. https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/ch02.htm.
  • Lerche, J. 1999. “Politics of the Poor: Agricultural Labourers and Political Transformations in Uttar Pradesh.” Journal of Peasant Studies 26 (2/3): 182–241. doi: 10.1080/03066159908438707
  • Lerche, J. 2010. “From ‘Rural Labour’ to ‘Classes of Labour’: Class Fragmentation, Caste and Class Struggle at the Bottom of the Indian Labour Hierarchy.” In The Comparative Political Economy of Development: Africa and South Asia, edited by B. Harriss-White, and J. Heyer, 66–87. London: Routledge.
  • Lerche, J. 2013. “The Agrarian Question in Neoliberal India: Agrarian Transition Bypassed?” Journal of Agrarian Change 13 (3): 382–404. doi: 10.1111/joac.12026
  • Madheswaran, S., and P. Attewell, 2007. “Caste Discrimination in the Indian Urban Labour Market: Evidence from the National Sample Survey.” Economic & Political Weekly 42 (41): 4146–4153.
  • Madheswaran, S., and P. Attewell. 2010. “Wage and Job Discrimination in the India Urban Labour Market.” In Blocked by Caste: Economic Discrimination in Modern India, edited by S. Thorat, and K. S. Newman, 123–147. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Marx, K., and F. Engels. 1969 [1848]. Manifesto of the Communist Party. Marx/Engels Selected Works, Vol. 1. Progress Publishers, Moscow, 98–137. https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/
  • McNally, David. 1993. “E P Thompson: Class Struggle and Historical Materialism.” International Socialism Journal 2: 61. http://pubs.socialistreviewindex.org.uk/isj61/mcnally.htm.
  • McNally, David. 2015. “The Dialectics of Unity and Difference in the Constitution of Wage-Labour: On Internal Relations and Working-Class Formation.” Capital & Class 39 (1): 131–146. doi: 10.1177/0309816814564819
  • Mehrotra, S., J. Parida, S. Sinha, and A. Gandhi. 2014. “Explaining Employment Trends in the Indian Economy: 1993–94 to 2011–12.” Economic and Political Weekly 49 (32): 49.
  • Meillassoux, C. 1981 [1975]. Maidens, Meal and Money: Capitalism and the Domestic Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation. 2017. Report of the Working Group on Migration, Accessed April 27, 2017. http://tinyurl.com/kqjgy58.
  • Mosse, D., S. Gupta, M. Mehta, V. Shah, J. Rees, and KRIBP Project Team. 2002. “Brokered Livelihoods: Debt, Labour Migration and Development in Tribal Western India.” Journal of Development Studies 38 (5): 59–88. doi: 10.1080/00220380412331322511
  • Mosse, D., S. Gupta, and V. Shah. 2005. “On the Margins in the City: Adivasi Seasonal Labour Migration in Western India.” Economic & Political Weekly 40 (28): 3025–3038.
  • Navlakha, G. 2010. “Days and Nights in the Heartland of Rebellion.” Sanhati, 1 April. Accessed May 7, 2017. http://tinyurl.com/lqllkwz.
  • Parry, J. 2009. “‘Sociological Marxism” in Central India: Polanyi, Gramsci, and the Case of the Unions.” In Market and Society: The Great Transformation Today, edited by C. Hann, and K. Hart, 175–202. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Parry, J. 2013. “Company and Contract Labour in a Central Indian Steel Plant.” Economy and Society 42 (3): 348–374. doi: 10.1080/03085147.2013.772761
  • Pattenden, J. 2016. Labour, State and Society in Rural India: A Class-Relational Approach. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Ranganathan, T. n.d. Farmers’ Income in India: Evidence From Secondary Data. A study submitted to Ministry of Agriculture. New Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth.
  • Reed, A. 2002. “Unraveling the Relation of Race and Class in American Politics.” Political Power and Social Theory 15: 265–274. doi: 10.1016/S0198-8719(02)80026-6
  • Roberts, N. 2016. To Be Cared for: The Power of Conversion and Foreignness of Belonging in an Indian Slum. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Roediger, D. 1991. The Wages of Whiteness. Race and the Making of the American Working Class. London and New York: Verso.
  • Roesch, M., G. Venkatasubramaniam, and I. Guerin. 2009. “Bonded Labour in the Rice Mills: Fate or Opportunity?” In India’s Unfree Workforce: Of Bondage Old and New, edited by J. Breman, I. Guerin, and A. Prakash, 285–311. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Rogaly, B., D. Coppard, A. Safique, K. Rana, A. Sengupta, and J. Biswas. 2002. “Seasonal Migration and Welfare/Illfare in Eastern India: a Social Analysis.” Journal of Development Studies 38 (5): 89–114. doi: 10.1080/00220380412331322521
  • Selwyn, B. 2017. The Struggle for Development. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Sender, J. 2016. “Backward Capitalism in Rural South Africa: Prospects for Accelerating Accumulation in the Eastern Cape.” Journal of Agrarian Change 16 (1): 3–31. doi: 10.1111/joac.12105
  • Shah, A. 2010. In the Shadows of the State: Indigenous Politics, Environmentalism and Insurgency in Jharkhand, India. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press.
  • Shah, A. 2011. “India Burning: The Maoist Revolution.” In A Companion to the Anthropology of India, edited by I. Clark-Deces, 332–351. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Shah, A. 2013. “The Agrarian Question in a Maoist Guerrilla Zone: Land, Labour and Capital in the Forests and Hills of Jharkhand, India.” Journal of Agrarian Change 13 (3): 424–450. doi: 10.1111/joac.12027
  • Shah, A. 2018. Nightmarch: Among the Guerrillas of India’s Revolutionary Movement. London: Hurst.
  • Shah, A. forthcoming. “Tribe, Egalitarian Values, Social Reproduction and the State.” Contributions to Indian Sociology.
  • Shah, A., and B. Harriss-White, 2011. “Resurrecting Scholarship on Agrarian Transformations.” Economic & Political Weekly 44 (39): 13–18.
  • Shah, A., Jens Lerche, Richard Axelby, Dalel Benbabaali, Brendan Donegan, Jayaseelan Raj, and Vikramaditya Thakur. 2018. Ground Down by Growth. Tribe, Caste, Class and Inequality in Twenty-First-Century India. London: Pluto and New Delhi: OUP.
  • Shah, G., H. Mandar, S. Thorat, S. Deshpande, and A. Baviskar. 2006. Untouchability in Rural India. New Delhi: Sage.
  • Shanin, T., ed. 1983. Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx and the ‘Peripheries of Capitalism’. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Skaria, A. 1997. “Shades of Wildness Tribe, Caste, and Gender in Western India.” The Journal of Asian Studies 56 (3): 726–745. doi: 10.2307/2659607
  • Smith, J. 2016. Imperialism in the T.Wenty-First Century Globalization, Super-Exploitation, and Capitalism’s Final Crisis. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Srinivasulu, K. 2017. “The Caste Question in the Naxalite Movement.” Economic &Political Weekly 52 (21): 47–52.
  • Srivastava, R. 2012. “Changing Employment Conditions of the Indian Workforce and Implications for Decent Work.” Global Labour Journal 3 (1): 63–90. doi: 10.15173/glj.v3i1.1113
  • Srivastava, R., and A. Jha. 2016. Capital and Labour Standards in the Organised Construction Industry in India. London: CDPR, SOAS. Accessed December 16, 2016. http://tinyurl.com/msjg8w2.
  • Still, C. 2014. Dalit Women: Honour and Patriarchy in South India. New Delhi: Social Science Press.
  • Sundar, N. 2016. The Burning Forest: India’s War in Bastar. New Delhi: Juggernaut.
  • Teltumbde, A. 2010. The Persistence of Caste: The Khairlanji Murders and India’s Hidden Apartheid. London: Zed Books.
  • Thompson, E. P. 1963. The Making of the English Working Class. London: Penguin.
  • Thorat, S., and K. S. Newman. 2010. “The Legacy of Social Exclusion: a Correspondence Study of job Discrimination in India’s Urban Private Sector.” In Blocked by Caste: Economic Discrimination in Modern India, edited by S. Thorat, and K. S. Newman, 35–51. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • Tsing, A. L. 2009. “Supply Chains and the Human Condition.” Rethinking Marxism 21 (2): 148–176. doi: 10.1080/08935690902743088
  • UNESCO. 2015. National Consultation on Children and Internal Migration in India. 22–23 September 2015. New Delhi: India Habitat Centre. Background Note. Accessed May 5, 2017. http://www.unesco.org/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/New_Delhi/images/backgroundnote_02.pdf.
  • Varma, S. 2014. “Between 2000 and 2012, Jobs Grew by a Mere 2% per year.” Times of India, 9 February. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Between-2000-and-2012-jobs-grew-by-a-mere-2-per-year/articleshow/30070158.cms
  • Viswanath, R. 2014. The Pariah Problem: Caste, Religion, and the Social in Modern India. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Vogel, L. 1995. Woman Questions: Essays for a Materialist Feminism. New York: Routledge.
  • Warren, B. 1980. Imperialism: Pioneer of Capitalism. London: NBL and Verso.
  • Webber, J. R. 2011. Red October: Left-Indigenous Struggles in Modern Bolivia. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
  • Whitehead, J. 2016. “Intersectionality and Primitive Accumulation: Caste and Gender in India Under the Sign of Monopoly-Finance Capital.” Monthly Review 68 (6): 37–52. doi: 10.14452/MR-068-06-2016-10_3