Sugar and unfree labour: Reflections on labour control in the dominican republic, 1870–1935

References

• Abad , J.R. 1888 . La República Dominicana. Reseña General Geografico‐estadislica , Santo Domingo : Garcia Hermanos . (reprint 1973).
   Google Scholar
• Acosta . 1976 . “ ‘Azúcar e Inmigración Haitiana’ ” . Edited by: Corten , A. [1976].
   Google Scholar
• Archer , Léonie , ed. 1988 . Slavery and Other Forms of Unfree Labour , London/New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Baez Evertsz , Frank . 1978 . Azúcar y Dependencia en la República Dominicana , Santo Domingo : UASD .
   Google Scholar
• Baez Evertsz , Frank . 1986 . Braceros Haitianos en la República Dominicana , Santo Domingo : Taller .
   Google Scholar
• Balibar , E. and Wallerstein , I. 1988 . Race, nation, classe. Les identités ambiguës , Paris : Editions la découverte .
   Google Scholar
• Baud , Michiel . 1988 . “ ‘The Struggle for Autonomy: Peasant Resistance to Capitalism in the Dominican Republic, 1870–1924’ ” . In Labour in the Caribbean , Edited by: Cross , M. and Heuman , G. 120 – 40 . London/Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Bauer , A. J. 1979 . ‘Rural Workers in Spanish America: Problems of Peonage and Oppression’ . Hispanic American Historical Review , 59 ( 1 ) : 34 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckford , G.L. 1972 . Persistent Poverty: Underdevelopmentin Plantation Economies in the Third World , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beechert , E.D. 1988 . “ ‘Technology and the Plantation Labour Supply: The Case of Queensland, Hawaii, Louisiana and Cuba’ ” . In The World Sugar Economy in War and Depression, 1914–1940 , Edited by: Albert , B. and Graves , A. London/New York : Rout‐ledge .
   Google Scholar
• Boomgaard , P. and Oostindie , G.J. 1989 . ‘Changing Sugar Technology and the Labour Nexus;The Caribbean, 1750–1900’ . Nieuwe Westindische Gids/New West Indian Guide , 63 ( 1 and 2 ) : 3 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Bourgois , P.I. 1989 . Ethnicity at Work: Divided Labor on a Central American Banana Plantation , Baltimore, MD and London : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brass , Tom . 1986 . ‘Unfree Labour and Capitalist Restructuring in the Agrarian Sector: Peru and India’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 14 ( 1 ) : 50 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan , Patrick E. 1985 . “ ‘The Question of Labor in the Sugar Industry of the Dominican Republic in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century’ ” . Edited by: Fraginals , M. Moreno .
   Google Scholar
• Cassá , Roberto . 1982 . Capitalismo y Dictadura , Santo Domingo : UASD .
   Google Scholar
• Cassá , Roberto . 1990 . Movimiento obrero y lucha socialista en la República Dominicana (desde los orígenes hasta 1960) , Santo Domingo : Taller .
   Google Scholar
• Corten , A. 1976 . Azúcar y política en la República Dominicana , Santo Domingo : Taller .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , Robert H. 1979 . Capital, State and White Labour in South Africa, 1900–1960: An Historical Materialist Analysis of Class Formation and Class Relations , Brighton : Harvester Press .
   Google Scholar
• Del Castillo , J. 1978 . La Inmigración de Braceros Azucareros en la República Dominicana, 1800–1930 , Santo Domingo : Cuadernos del Cendia .
   Google Scholar
• Del Castillo , J. 1979 . ‘Las Inmigraciones y su Aporte a la Cultura Dominicana (Finales del Siglo XIX y Principios del XX)’ . Ezme Eme Estudios Dominicanos , 8 ( 45 ) : 3 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Del Castillo , J. 1985 . “ ‘The Formation of the Dominican Sugar Industry: From Competition to Monopoly, from National Semiproletariat to Foreign Proletariat’ ” . Edited by: Fraginals , M. Moreno .
   Google Scholar
• Del Castillo , J. and Cordero , W. 1979 . La economía dominicana durante el primer cuarto del siglo XX , Santo Domingo : Fundación Garcia‐Arevalo .
   Google Scholar
• Dore Cabrai , Carlos . 1987 . ‘Los Dominicanos de origen Haitiano y la segregación social en la República Dominicana’ . Estudios Sociales (Santo Domingo) , 20 ( 68 ) : 57 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Batey , El . 1986 . El Batey: Estudio socioeconómico de los bateyes del consejo Estatal del Azúcar (varios colaboradores) , Santo Domingo : Fondo para el avance de las ciencias sociales .
   Google Scholar
• Gayer , James H. 1938 . The Sugar Economy of Puerto Rico Washington
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales , M.J. 1985 . Plantation Agriculture and Social Control in Northern Peru, 1875–1933 , Austin, TX : Texas University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hagelberg , G.B. 1974 . TheCaribbean Sugar Industries: Constraints and Opportunities , New Haven, CT : Yale University .
   Google Scholar
• Hoernel , R.B. 1976 . ‘Sugar and Social Change in Oriente, Cuba, 1898–1946’ . Journal of Latin American Studies , 8 ( 2 ) : 215 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoetink , H. 1988 . “ ‘Labour “Scarcity” and Immigration in the Dominican Republic c. 1875‐c. 1930’ ” . In Labour in the Caribbean , Edited by: Cross , M. and Heuman , G. 160 – 75 . London/Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Kloosterboer , W. 1960 . Involuntary Labour since the Abolition of Slavery , Leiden : Brill .
   Google Scholar
• Knight , M.H. 1928 . The Americans in Santo Domingo , New York : Arno Press . (reprint 1970).
   Google Scholar
• Knight , R. 1972 . Sugar Plantations and Labor Patterns in the Cauca Valley, Colombia , Toronto : University of Toronto .
   Google Scholar
• Knight , Franklin W. 1985 . “ ‘Jamaican Migrants and the Cuban Sugar Industry, 1900–1934’ ” . Edited by: Fraginals , Moreno . 94 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Kunhardt , M.E. 1919 . Discurso ante la conferencia Panamericana del Trabajo Santo Domingo
   Google Scholar
• Lemoine , Maurice . 1981 . Sucre Amer. Esclaves aujourd'hui dans les Caraibes , Paris : Encre .
   Google Scholar
• 1985 . Bitter Sugar , London : Zed Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lundahl , Mats . 1983 . The Haitian Economy: Man, Land and Markets , London and Canberra : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Madruga , José M. 1986 . Azúcar y Haitianos en la República Dominicana , Santo Domingo : Taller .
   Google Scholar
• Maram , S.L. 1977 . ‘Labor and the Left in Brazil, 1890–1921: A Movement Aborted’ . Hispanic American Historical Review , 57 ( 2 ) : 254 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrero Aristy , R. 1940 . Over , Santo Domingo : Taller . (numerous reprints).
   Google Scholar
• Martinez Vergne , T. 1988 . ‘New Patterns for Puerto Rico's Sugar Workers: Abolition and Centralization at San Vincente, 1873–92’ . Hispanic American Historical Review , 68 ( 1 ) : 45 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memoria . 1918/19 . Memoria de la Secretaria del Estado de Agricultura e Inmigración, Julio 1918‐Junio 1919 Santo Domingo 1919
   Google Scholar
• Memoria . 1923 . Memoria de la Secretaria del Estado de Agricultura e Inmigración, 1923 Santo Domingo
   Google Scholar
• Miles , Robert . 1987 . Capitalism and Unfree Labor: Anomaly or Necessity! , London : Tavistock .
   Google Scholar
• Mintz , Sidney W. 1960 . Worker in the Cane: A Puerto Rican Life History , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moreno Fraginals , M. 1976 . The Sugarmill: The Socioeconomic Complex of Sugar in Cuba , New York/London : Monthly Review Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moreno Fraginals , M. 1983 . La historia como arma , Barcelona : Critica .
   Google Scholar
• Moreno Fraginals , M. 1986 . “ ‘Plantation Economies and Societies in the Spanish Caribbean, 1860–1930’ ” . In The Cambridge History of Latin America , Edited by: Bethell , Leslie . Vol. IV , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fraginals , Moreno , eds. 1985 . Between Slavery and Free Labor The Spanish‐Speaking Caribbean in the Nineteenth Century , Baltimore, MD and London : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Munslow , B. and Finch , E. , eds. 1984 . Proletarianisation in the Third World: Studies in the Creation of a Labour Force Under Dependent Capitalism , London : Croom Helm .
   Google Scholar
• Nieboer , H.J. 1910 . Slavery as an Industrial System , The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , Orlando . 1982 . Slavery and Social Death , Cambridge, MA and London : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Plant , Roger . 1987 . Sugar and Modern Slavery: A Tale of Two Countries , London : Zed Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ramos Mattei , A.A. 1985a . “ ‘La importación de trabajadores contratados para la industria azucarera puertorriqueña: 1860–1880’ ” . In Inmigración y clases sociales en el Puerto Rico del siglo XIX , Edited by: Scarano , F. 125 – 142 . Rio Piedras : Huracán .
   Google Scholar
• Ramos Mattei , A.A. 1985b . “ ‘Technical Innovations and Social Change in the Sugar Industry of Puerto Rico, 1870–1880’ ” . Edited by: Fraginals , Moreno . 158 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Richardson , P. and Helten , J.J. Van . 1982 . “ ‘Labour in the South African Goldmining Industry, 1886–1914’ ” . In Industrialisation and Social Change in South Africa: African Class Formation, Culture and Consciousness, 1870–1930 , Edited by: Marks , S. and Rathbone , R. 77 – 98 . Burnt Mill and New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Rodney , Walter . 1981 . A History of the Guyanese Working People, 1881–1905 , Baltimore, MD and London : Johns Hopkins University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sánchez , Juan J. 1893 . La caña en Santo Domingo , Santo Domingo : Taller . (reprint 1972).
   Google Scholar
• Scarano , Francisco A. , ed. 1985 . Inmigración y clases sociales en el Puerto Rico del siglo XIX , Rio Piedras : Huracán .
   Google Scholar
• Schnakenbourg , C. 1984 . “ ‘From the Sugar Estate to Central Factory: The Industrial Revolution in the Caribbean (1840–1950) ” . In Crisis and Change in the International Sugar Economy, 1860–1960 , Edited by: Albert , B. and Graves , A. 83 – 94 . Norwich/Edinburgh : ISC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , C.D. 1976 . ‘Peasants, Proletarianization and the Articulation of Modes of Production: The Case of Sugar Cane Cutters in Northern Peru, 1940–69’ . Journal of Peasant Studies , 3 ( 3 ) : 321 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , C.D. 1978 . “ ‘Technology, Employment and Income Distribution in the Sugar Industry of the Dominican Republic’ ” . Norwich A Report submitted to the PREALC,
   Google Scholar
• Scott , C.D. 1979 . Machetes, Machines and Agrarian Reform: The Political Economy of Technical Choice in the Peruvian Sugar Industry, 1954–1974 , Norwich : University of East Anglia .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , Rebecca J. 1985a . “ ‘Explaining Abolition: Contradiction, Adaptation and Challenge in Cuban Slave Society, 1860–1886’ ” . Edited by: Fraginals , Moreno . 25 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , Rebecca, J. 1985b . Slave Emancipation in Cuba The Transition to Free Labor, 1860–1899 , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stoler , A.L. 1985 . Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra's Plantation Belt, 1870–1979 , New Haven, CT and London : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Veras , Ramón A. 1983 . Inmigración, Haitianos, Esclavitud , Santo Domingo : Taller .
   Google Scholar
• Wallerstein , Immanuel . 1983 . Historical Capitalism , London : Verso .
   Google Scholar
• Williams , Eric . 1944 . Capitalism and Slavery , London : Deutsch . (reprint 1964).
   Google Scholar