Analysis and validation of perfluorinated compounds in water, sediment and fish with LC-ESI–MS/MS

References

• G. Paul, K.C. Jones and A.J. Sweetman, Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 386 (2009). doi:10.1021/es802216n.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Rayne and K. Forest, J. Environ. Sci. Health A 44, 1145 (2009). doi:10.1080/10934520903139811.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Food Safety Authority. EFSA J. 653, 1 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• N. Yamashita, K. Kannan, S. Taniyasu, Y. Horii, G. Petrick and T. Gamo, Marine Poll. Bull. 51, 658 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). <http://chm.pops.int/DNNADMIN/HiddenModulesforMandeepsPublications/POPsChemicalsMandeepshiddenmodule/tabid/754/Default.aspx>.
   Google Scholar
• European Comission, Commission Recommendation of 17 March 2010 on the Monitoring of Perfluoroalkylated Substances in Food, 2010/161/EU, Official Journal of the European Union, L68 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• ISO 25101:2009 Water quality — Determination of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) — Method for unfiltered samples using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
   Google Scholar
• J.A. Shoemaker, P.E. Grimmett and B.K. Boutin. Method 537. Determination of Selected Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) Version 1.1, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 (September 2009). <https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_file_download.cfm?p_download_id=525468>.
   Google Scholar
• J.W. Martin, K. Kannan, U. Berger, P. De Voogt, J. Field, J. Franklin, J.P. Giesy, T. Harner, D.C.G. Muir, B. Scott, M. Kaiser, U. Järnberg, K.C. Jones, S.A. Mabury, H. Schroeder, M. Simcik, C. Sottani, B. Van Bavel, A. Kärman, G. Lindström and S.P.J. van Leeuwen, Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 373 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U. Berger, M.A. Kaiser, A. Kärrman, J.L. Barber and S.P.J. van Leeuwen, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 400, 1625 (2011). doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4823-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.-J. Lehmler, Chemosphere 58, 1471 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALS Environmental, EnviroMail^TM 94 (2015).
   Google Scholar
• W. Jiang, Y. Zhang, L. Yang, X. Chu and L. Zhu, Chemosphere 127, 180 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.M. Schultz, D.F. Barofsky and J.A. Field, Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 289 (2006). doi:10.1021/es051381p.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.T. Wolf and W.K. Reagen, Anal. Methods 5, 2444 (2013). doi:10.1039/c3ay26347a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Senthilkumar, E. Ohi, K. Sajwan, T. Takasuga and K. Kannan, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 79, 427 (2007). doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9243-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Ma and K. Shih, Environ. Pollut. 158, 1354 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.01.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Boiteux, C. Bach, V. Sagres, J. Hemard, A. Colin, C. Rosin, J.-F. Munoz and Z. Dauchy, Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 96, 705 (2016). doi:10.1080/03067319.2016.1196683.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Zacs and V. Bartkevics, J. Chromatogr. A 1473, 109 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.I. Garcia-Valcarcel and J.L. Tadeo, J. Sep. Sci. 36, 2507 (2013). doi:10.1002/jssc.201300309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.J. Hansen, L.A. Clemen, M.E. Ellefson and H.O. Johnson, Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 766 (2001). doi:10.1021/es001489z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordtest Report TR 537, Handbook for calculation of measurement uncertainty in environmental laboratories, 3.1, Nordtest (2012).
   Google Scholar
• A. Kruve, R. Rebane, K. Kipper, M.-L. Oldekop, H. Evard, K. Herodes, P. Ravio and I. Leito, Anal. Chim. Acta 870, 8 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Roots and H. Nõmmsalu, Report on hazardous substances screening results in the aquatic environment of Estonia (2011). <http://baltacthaz.bef.ee/files/c15/c55/Estonian%20Screening_ENG.pdf>.
   Google Scholar
• T. Nakari, E. Schulz, P. Sainio, P. Munne, A. Bachor, L. Kaj, K.B. Madsen, L. Manusadžianas, D. Mielzynska, H. Parkman, D. Pockeviciute, A. Põllumäe, S. Strake, E. Volkov and U. Zielonka, Innovative approaches to chemicals control of hazardous substances – WP3 final report (2011). <http://www.cohiba-project.net/publications/en_GB/publications/>.
   Google Scholar
• P.K.W. Stone, L. Cote, J. Gushue, R.J. Letcher and S. Chu, Agilent App. Note, 5990 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• ISO 5667: 3,4,6,12,15 Water quality – sampling, Part 3:2012 Preservation and handling of water samples. Part 4:2016 Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made. Part 6:2014 Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams. Part 12:1995 Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments. Part 15:2009 Guidance on the preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples.
   Google Scholar
• S.P.J. Leeuwen and J. de Boer, J. Chromatogr. A 1153, 172 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EN 15934:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste – calculation of dry matter fraction after determination of dry residue or water content.
   Google Scholar
• W.J. Backe and J.A. Field, Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 6750 (2012). doi:10.1021/es300235z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Riddell, G. Arsenault, J.P. Benskin, B. Chittim, J.W. Martin, A. McAlees and R. McRindle, Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 7902 (2009). doi:10.1021/es901261v.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Debowski, S. Dobosz, S. Robak and Z. Usydus, Arch. Ryb. Pol. 7, 237 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• B. Magnusson and U. Örnemark, Eurachem Guide: The Fitness for Purpose of Analytical Methods – A Laboratory Guide to Method Validation and Related Topics, 2nd ed. (2014). ISBN 978-91-87461-59-0. <www.eurachem.org>.
   Google Scholar
• European Comission, Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 Amending Directives 2000/60/Ec and 2008/105/Ec as Regards Priority Substances in the Field of Water Policy. Official Journal of the European Union, L226.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission, Directive 2006/122/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 Amending for the 30th Time Council Directive 76/769/EEC on the Approximation of the Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions of the Member States Relating to Restrictions on the Marketing and Use of Certain Dangerous Substances and Preparations (Perfluorooctane Sulfonates). Official Journal of the European Union. L372.
   Google Scholar
• M. Laht and E. Volko, Summary Report ESTONIA – Work package 4: Identification of sources and estimation of inputs/impacts on the Baltic Sea (2011). <http://www.cohiba-project.net/publications/en_GB/publications/>.
   Google Scholar
• P. Zareitalabad, J. Siemens, M. Hamer and W. Amelung, Chemosphere 91, 725 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.02.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar