Politics and alphabets in inner Asia

References

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• Iranian and related Indo‐European peoples were in earlier periods much more important in Central Asia than they are today. Until the fifteenth century Iranian influence was greater than Turkic in the southern oases. The Tajiks and a few small Pamir tribes represent the only Iranians who have maintained their identity in Central Asia into modern times, though there is still a significant Iranian substratum among the Uzbeks. The Iranians of Central Asia, like the Turks, were early converts to Islam and adopted the Arabic alphabet.
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• Unlike most of the Turks of Central Asia, these Altai Turks, left behind in what appears to have been part of the original Turkic homeland, were never converted to Islam and consequently had no contact with the Arabic alphabet.
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• The Uzbek dialect of the town of Turkestan preserved the principle of vowel harmony, lost because of Iranian influence in the dialects of Tashkent and the Fergana Valley, but still adhered to in the neighbouring Turkic languages; preservation of vowel harmony coupled with Tashkent vocabulary and idioms helped make the original Latinized literary Uzbek more readily intelligible to speakers of Kazakh, Karakalpak and Turkmen; see Wurm, op. cit., pp. 13–14.
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• As had been the case when the Latin alphabet was adapted to the Turkic languages, extra letters and signs were necessary in the Cyrillic for sounds peculiar to Turkic such as the ö and ü sounds, the ng, the gh and the j, to mention only the most common. The Cyrillic letters for sounds peculiar to Russian but not present in the Turkic languages are not generally used to represent other Turkic sounds, for this would conflict with the principle stressed by Baskakov in the passage quoted above that alphabets must be so devised as to facilitate the learning of Russian by speakers of native languages.
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• N.C.N.A. dispatch quoted by Tass on October 17, 1955.
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• N.C.N.A. dispatch repeated by Tass on October 24, 1955.
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• N.C.N.A. dispatch of August 21, 1955.
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