898
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

‘Education, education, education’: Legal, moral and clinical

Pages 145-172 | Published online: 09 Sep 2010

  • Cranston , R. , ed. 1995 . Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Nicolson , D. and Webb , J. 1999 . Professional Legal Ethics: Critical Interrogations , Oxford : Hart Publishing .
  • Boon , A. and Levin , J. 2008 . The Ethics and Conduct of Lawyers in England and Wales , 2nd edn , Oxford : Hart Publishing .
  • O'Dair , D.R.F. 2001 . Legal Ethics: Text and Materials , London : Butterworth .
  • O'Dair , D.R.F. 1997 . ‘Ethics by the Pervasive Method—The Case of Contract’ . Legal Studies , 17 : 305 306 309 – 10 .
  • Burridge , R. and Webb , J. 2007 . The Values of Common Law Legal Education: Rethinking Rules, Responsibilities, Relationships and Roles in the Law School’ . Legal Ethics , 10 : 72
  • Hepple , B. 1996 . ‘The Liberal Law Degree’ . CLJ , : 474 esp. at 484
  • Myers , E.W. 1996 . ‘"Simple Truths” About Moral Education’ . American University Law Review , 45 : 823
  • Boon , A. 2002 . Ethics in Legal Education and Training: Four Reports, Three Jurisdictions and a Prospectus . Legal Ethics , 5 : 34 52 – 3 .
  • Simon , W. 1998 . The Practice of Justice: A Theory of Lawyers’ Ethics , Cambridge, Ma. : Harvard University Press .
  • Postema , G. J. 1983 . “ ‘Self‐Image, Integrity and Professional Responsibility’ ” . In The Good Lawyer: Lawyer's Roles and Lawyer's Ethics , Edited by: Luban , D. Totowa, NJ : Rowman & Allanheld .
  • 1988 . ‘Moral Responsibility in Professional Ethics’ . New York University Law Review , 55 : 63
  • Menkel‐Meadow , C. 1994 . ‘Narrowing the Gap by Narrowing the Field: What's Missing From the MacCrate Report—Of Skills, Legal Science and Being a Human Being’ . Washington Law Review , 69 : 593
  • 1996 . ‘Inventing the Good: A Prospectus for Clinical Education and the Teaching of Legal Ethics in England’ . Law Teacher , 30 : 270
  • 1998 . ‘Ethics of Lawyers or Ethics for Citizens? New Directions for Legal Education’ . Journal of Law and Society , 25 : 134
  • Economides , K. , ed. 1998 . “ ‘Conduct, Ethics and Experience in Vocational Legal Education: Opportunities Missed’ ” . In Ethical Challenges to Legal Education and Conduct , Oxford : Hart Publishing .
  • Chapman , J. 2002 . ‘Why Teach Legal Ethics to Undergraduates?’ . Legal Ethics , 5 : 68 71
  • Economides , K. 1999 . ‘Learning The Law Of Lawyering’ . Current Legal Problems , 52 : 392
  • Duncan , N. 2002 . “ ‘Responsibility and Ethics in Professional Legal Education’ ” . In Effective Learning and Teaching in Law , Edited by: Burridge , R. and Hinett , K. London : Kogan Page .
  • Harris , P. and Beinart , S . 2005 . ’A Survey of Law Schools in the United Kingdom, 2004’ . Law Teacher , 39 : 299
  • Cramton , R.C. 1977–1978 . The Ordinary Religion of the Law School Classroom’ . Journal of Legal Education , 29 : 247
  • Pipkin , R.M. 1979 . ‘Law School Instruction in Professional Responsibility: A Curricular Paradox’ . American Bar Foundation Research Journal , : 247
  • Lesnick , H. 1986 . The Integration of Responsibility and Values: Legal Education in an Alternative Consciousness of Lawyering and Law’ . Nova Law Journal , 10 : 633 634
  • Economides , K. ‘Legal Ethics—Three Challenges for the Next Millennium’ . Economides , supra n. 8, xvii
  • Menkel‐Meadow , C.J. 1991 . ‘Can a Law Teacher Avoid Teaching Legal Ethics?’ . Journal of Legal Education , 41 : 3
  • Aiken , J.H. 1997 . ‘Striving To Teach “Justice, Fairness, and Morality"’ . Clinical Law Review , 4 : 1 3
  • Koniak , S.P. and Hazard , G.C. 1997 . ‘"Mainstreaming” Ethics: The Pervasive Method of Teaching Ethics’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 117 118 – 9 .
  • Hutchinson , A.C. 1999 . ‘Beyond Black‐Letterism: Ethics in Law and Legal Education’ . Law Teacher , 33 : 302 309
  • 2004 . ‘Special Issue: Lawyers’ Duties, Adversarialism and Partisanship in UK Legal Ethics’ . Legal Ethics. , 3
  • 2005 . ‘Making Lawyers Moral: Ethical Codes and Moral Character’ . Legal Studies , 26 : 601
  • Goldsmith , A. ‘Heroes or Technicians? The Moral Capacities of Tomorrow's Lawyers’ . Journal of Professional Legal Education , 1
  • Sherr , A. ‘Of Super Heroes and Slaves: Images and Work of the Legal Profession’ . Current Legal Problems , 48 327
  • Sherr , A. and Webb , J. 1989 . ‘Law Students, the Market and Socialisation: Do We Make Them Turn to the City?’ . Journal of Law and Society , 16 : 225
  • Gee , E.G. and Jackson , W.J. 1982 . ‘Current Studies of Legal Education: Findings and Recommendations’ . Journal of Legal Education , 32 : 471
  • 2006 . Professional Conduct , London : Blackstone .
  • The Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Education and Training . 1996 . First Report on Legal Education and Training , London : ACLEC .
  • Rest , J. 1984 . “ ‘The Major Components of Morality’ ” . In Morality, Moral Behaviour and Moral Development , Edited by: Kurtines , W. and Gewirtz , J. New York : Wiley .
  • Rest , J. and Narvaez , D. , eds. 1994 . Moral Development in the Professions: Psychology and Applied Ethics , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Narvaez , D. and Rest , J. 1995 . “ ‘The Four Components of Acting Morally’ ” . In Moral Development: An Introduction , Edited by: Kurtines , W.M. and Gewirtz , J.L. Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
  • Rest , J. 1999 . Post Conventional Moral Thinking: A Neo‐Kohlbergian Approach , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • 1988 . ‘Can Ethics be Taught in Professional Schools? The Psychological Research’ . Ethics Easier Said Than Done , 1 : 22
  • Blasi , A. 2005 . “ ‘Moral Character: A Psychological Approach’ ” . In Character Psychology and Character Education , Edited by: Lapsley , D.K. and Power , F. Clark . 74 Notre Dame, In : University of Notre Dame Press .
  • Granfield , R. and Koenig , T . 2002–3 . ‘"It's Hard to be a Human Being and a Lawyer”: Young Attorneys and the Confrontation with Ethical Ambiguity’ . University of West Virginia Law Review , 105 : 495
  • McDowell , J. 1979 . ‘Virtue and Reason’ . The Monist , 62 : 331 333
  • Luban , D. and Millemann , M. 1995 . ‘Good Judgment: Teaching Ethics in Dark Times’ . Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics , 9 : 31
  • Feldman , H.L. 1996 . ‘Codes and Virtues: Can Good Lawyers Be Good Ethical Deliberators?’ . Southern California Law Review , 69 : 885 904 – 908 .
  • Duckett , L.J. and Ryden , M.B. “ ‘Education for Ethical Nursing Practice’ ” . Edited by: Rest and Narvaez . 61 supra n.30
  • Hazard . 1978 . Ethics in the Practice of Law , 153 New Haven : Yale UP .
  • Abel , R.L. 2003 . English Lawyers Between Market and State: The Politics of Professionalism , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Watson , A.S. 1974–1975 . ‘Lawyers and Professionalism: A Further Psychiatric Perspective on Legal Education’ . University of Michigan Journal of law Reform , : 248 251
  • Francis , A. 2005 . ‘The Business Context: Legal Ethics, the Marketplace and the Fragmentation of Legal Professionalism’ . International Journal of the Legal Profession , 12 : 173
  • Baldwin , J. and McConville , M. 1977 . Negotiated Justice: Pressures to Plead Guilty , London : Martin Robertson .
  • Davis , G. 1994 . Partisans and Mediators , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • McConville , M. , Hodgson , J. , Bridges , L. and Pavlovic , A. 1994 . Standing Accused: The Organisation and Practices of Criminal Defence Lawyers in Britain , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Boon , A. 1995 . ‘Ethics and Strategy in Personal Injury Litigation’ . 22 : 353
  • Genn , H. 1997 . Hard Bargaining , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Neale , B. and Smart , C. 1997 . ‘"Good” and “Bad” Lawyers? Struggling in the Shadow of the New Law’ . Journal of Social Welfare & Family Law , 19 : 377
  • McConville , M. 1998 . ‘Plea Bargaining: Ethics and Politics’ . Journal of Law and Society , 25 : 562
  • Griffiths‐Baker , J. 2002 . Serving Two Masters , Oxford : Hart Publishing .
  • Carr , D. 1991 . Educating the Virtues: An Essay on the Philosophical Psychology of Moral Development and Education , 150 – 155 . London : Routledge .
  • Kohn , A . 1997 . ‘How Not to Teach Values—A Critical Look at Character Education’ . Phi Delta Kappa , 78 : 428
  • Blasi , A. 1996 . “ ‘Moral Understanding and the Moral Personality: The Process of Moral Integration’ ” . Edited by: Kurtines and Gewirtz .
  • Peters , R.S. 1974 . ‘Moral Development and Moral Learning’ . The Monist , 54 : 541 560 – 61 .
  • Langford , P.E . 1995 . Approaches to the Development of Moral Reasoning , Hove : Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • Richards , D.A.J. 1981 . ‘Moral Theory, The Developmental Psychology of Ethical Autonomy and Professionalism’ . Journal of Legal Education , 31 : 359
  • Hartwell , S . 1990 . ‘Moral Development, Ethical Conduct and Clinical Education’ . New York Law School Law Review , 35 : 131
  • 1994–1995 . ‘Promoting Moral Development through Experiential Teaching’ . Clinical Law Review , 1 : 505
  • Abramson , E.M. 1993 . ‘Legal Education, Punching the Myth of the Moral Intractability of Law Students: The Suggestiveness of the Work of Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg for Ethical Training’, . Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy , 7 : 223
  • Flanagan , O . 1991 . Varieties of Moral Personality: Ethics and Psychological Realism , 163ff Cambridge, Ma. : Harvard University Press .
  • Kohlberg , L. 1976 . “ ‘Moral Stages and Moralization: The Cognitive‐Developmental Approach’ ” . In Moral Development and Behaviour, , Edited by: Lickona , T. New York : Holt, Rinerhart and Winston .
  • 1981 . Essays on Moral Development, Vol 1: The Philosophy of Moral Development, , Vol 1 , New York : Harper and Row .
  • Kohlberg , L. , Levine , C. and Hewer , A. 1983 . Moral Stages: A Current Formulation and a Response to Critics , London : Karger .
  • 1984 . Essays on Moral Development, Vol 2: The Psychology of Moral Development, , Vol 2 , New York : Harper and Row .
  • Reiner , J. 1983 . Promoting Moral Growth: From Piaget to Kohlberg , 2nd edn , New York : Longman .
  • Kupperman , J.J. “ ‘How Not To Educate Character’ ” . Edited by: Lapsley and Power . 206 – 207 . supra n. 32
  • Thomas , L. 1991 . “ ‘Morality and Psychological Development’ ” . In A Companion to Ethics , Edited by: Singer , P. London : Blackwell .
  • Gilligan , C. 1993 . In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development , revised edn , Cambridge : Ma, Harvard University Press .
  • Tronto , J. C. 1993 . Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care , London : Routledge .
  • Oser , F.K. 1991 . “ ‘Professional Morality: A Discourse Approach (The Case of the Teaching Profession)’ ” . In Handbook of Moral Behaviour and Development , Edited by: Kurtines , W.M. and Gewirtz , J.L. Hillsdale, NJ : L Erlbaum .
  • Higgins , A. 1996 . “ ‘Educating for Justice and Community: Lawrence Kohlberg's Vision of Moral Education’ ” . Edited by: Kurtines and Gewirtz . 57 supra n. 30
  • Newcomb , T.M. 1967 . Bennington College, and its Students After Twenty‐Five Years , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Power , C. 1988 . ‘The Just Community Approach to Moral Education’ . Journal Of Moral Education , 17 : 196
  • Power , F.C. 1989 . Lawrence Kohlberg's Approach to Moral Education , New York : Columbia .
  • Lind , G. 1985 . “ The Theory of Moral‐Cognitive Development: A Socio‐Psychological Assessment ” . In Moral Development and the Social Environment: Studies in the Philosophy and Psychology of Moral Judgment and Education , Edited by: Lind , G. Chicago : Precedent Publishing .
  • Lapsley , D.K and Narvaez , D . “ ‘Moral Psychology at the Crossroads’ ” . Edited by: Lapsley and Power . 20 supra n. 32
  • Narvaez , D. and Lapsley , D.K. “ The Psychological Foundations of Everyday Morality and Moral Expertise’ ” . Edited by: Lapsley and Power . supra n. 32
  • Peters , R.S. 1981 . Moral Development and Moral Education , 56 London : George & Unwin .
  • Pence , G. “ ‘Virtue Theory” . Edited by: Singer . supra n. 55
  • 1984 . ’Recent Work on Virtues’ . American Philosophical Quarterly , 21 : 281
  • Frankena , W.K. 1963 . Ethics , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
  • Beauchamp , T.L. 1982 . Philosophical Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
  • Aristotle . 1987 . The Nicomachean Ethics , Amherst, NY : Prometheus Books .
  • Dreyfus , H.I. and Dreyfus , S.E. 1990 . “ ‘What is Morality? A Phenomenological Account of the Development of Ethical Expertise’ ” . In Universalism and Communitarianism , Edited by: Rasmussen , D. Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press .
  • Dewey , John . 1922 . “ Human Nature and Conduct ” . In John Dewey: The Middle Works , Edited by: Boydston , J.A, . Vol. 14 , Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press .
  • Luban , D. 1983 . ‘Epistemology and Moral Education’ . Journal of Legal Education , 33 : 636
  • Higgins . “ ’Character, Responsibility, and the Moral Self’ ” . Edited by: Lapsley and Power . 103 supra n. 32
  • Power , C. 1989 . “ The Habit of the Common Life: Building Character Through Democratic Community Schools’ ” . In Moral Development and Character Development: A Dialogue , Edited by: Nucci , L.P. Berkeley : McCutchan Publishing Corporation .
  • Oliner , S.P. and Oliner , P.M. 1988 . The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe , New York : Free Press .
  • Colby , A. and Damon , W. 1992 . Some Do Care: Contemporary Lives of Moral Commitment , New York : Free Press .
  • Shoda , Y. , Tiernan , S.L. and Mischel , W. 2002 . ‘Personality as a Dynamical System: Emergence of Stability and Distinctiveness from Intra‐ and Interpersonal Interactions’ . Personality and Social Psychology Review, , 7 : 316 317
  • Meilaender , G. 1984 . The Theory and Practice of Virtue , Notre Dame, In : Notre Dame University Press .
  • Power , F.C. 1997 . ‘Understanding the Character in Character Education’ . Paper presented to meeting of the American Educational Research Association . March 1997 , Chicago. http://tigger.uic.edu/∼Inucci/MoralEd/arricles/powerunder.html
  • Kupperman , J . 1991 . Character , New York : Oxford UP .
  • Condlin , R. “ ‘The Moral Failure of Clinical Legal Education’ ” . Edited by: Luban .
  • Eisele , T. D. 1987 . ‘Must Virtue Be Taught?’ . Journal of Legal Education , 37 : 495
  • Shaffer , T.L. 1990–1 . ‘Lawyer Professionalism as a Moral Argument’ . Gonzaga Law Review , 26 : 393
  • Carlin , J. 1971 . ‘What Law Schools Can Do About Professional Responsibility’ . Connecticut Law Review , 4 : 459
  • Robertson , M. 2005 . ‘Challenges in the Design of Legal Ethics Learning Systems: An Educational Perspective’ . Legal Ethics , 8 : 222 234
  • Webb , D. 2001 . ‘Ethics as a Compulsory Element of Qualifying Degrees: Some Modest Expectations’ . Legal Ethics , 4 : 109
  • Schnapper , E. 1978 . ‘The Myth of Legal Ethics’ . American Bar Association Journal , : 202 205
  • Evans , A. , Brayne , H. , Duncan , N. and Grimes , R. , eds. 1998 . Clinical Legal Education: Active Learning in Your Law School , 268 London : Blackstone Press Ltd .
  • Moliterno , J.E. 1991–2 . ‘An Analysis of Ethics Teaching in Law Schools: Replacing Lost Benefits of the Apprentice System in the Academic Atmosphere’ . University of Cincinnati Law Review , 60 : 83 94ff
  • Stone , A. 1971 . ‘Legal Education on the Couch’ . Harvard Law Review , 85 : 392 422
  • Burger , W.E. 1980 . ‘The Role of the Law School in the Teaching of Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility’ . Cleveland State Law Review 377, , 29 : 388
  • Wasserstrom , R. 1984 . ‘Legal Education and the Good Lawyer’ . Journal of Legal Education , 34 : 155 160
  • Cunningham , C.A. “ ‘A Certain and Reasoned Art, The Rise and Fall of Character Education in America’ ” . Edited by: Lapsley and Power . 188 supra n. 32
  • Lind , A.G. 1996 . ‘Educational Environments which Promote Self‐Sustaining Moral Development’ . Paper presented at E Division, American Educational Research Association . April 1996 . http://www.uni‐konstanz.de/ag‐moral/pdf/Lind‐1996_Selfsustaining‐moral‐development.pdf.
  • Thoma , S. “ ‘Moral Judgments and Moral Action: Establishing the Link between Judgement and Action’ ” . Edited by: Rest and Narvaez . supra n. 30
  • Blasi , A. 1980 . ‘Bridging Moral Cognition and Moral Action: A Critical Review of the Literature’ . Psychological Bulletin , 88 : 1
  • Brandenberger , J.W. “ ‘College, Character and Social Responsibility, Moral Learning Through Experience’ ” . Edited by: Lapsley and Power .
  • Bebeau , M.J. “ ‘Influencing the Moral Dimensions of Dental Practice’ ” . Edited by: Narvaez and Rest .
  • Davidson , M.L. “ ‘Harness the Sun, Channel the Wind, The Art and Science of Effective Character Education’ ” . 223 in ibid,
  • Redlich , N. 1980 . ‘Professional Responsibility of Law Teachers’ . Cleveland State Law Review , 29 : 623 624
  • Luban , D. 1988 . Lawyers and Justice: An Ethical Study , 69 Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
  • Sampford , C. and Parker , C. 1995 . “ ‘Legal Regulation, Ethical Standard‐Setting, and Institutional Design’ ” . In Legal Ethics and Legal Practice , Edited by: Parker , S. and Sampford , C. 17 Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Jenkyns , J. 1993 . The American Inns of Court: Preparing Our Students for Ethical Practice’ . Akron Law Review , 27 : 175
  • Link , D.T. 1989 . ‘The Pervasive Method of Teaching Ethics’ . Journal of Legal Education , 39 : 485 487
  • Johnstone , I. and Treuthart , M.P. 1991 . ‘Doing the Right Thing: An Overview of Teaching Professional Responsibility’ . Journal of Legal Education , 41 : 75 83 – 6 .
  • Nicolson , D. 2004 . ‘The Theoretical Turn in Professional Legal Ethics’ . Legal Ethics , 7 : 17
  • Rosenthal , D.M. and Shehardi , F. , eds. 1988 . Applied Ethics and Ethical Theory: Ethics in a Changing World , Salt Lake City : University of Utah Press .
  • Luban , D. 1981 . ‘Calming the Hearse Horse: A Philosophical Research Program for Legal Ethics’ . Maryland Law Review , 40 : 451 475
  • Webb , J. and Nicolson , D. 1999 . ‘Institutionalising Trust: Ethics and the Responsive Regulation of the Legal Profession’ . Legal Ethics , 2 : 148
  • Davies , M. 2003 . ‘The Regulatory Crisis in the Solicitors’ Profession’ . Legal Ethics , 6 : 185
  • Menkel‐Meadow , C. 1999 . ‘The Sense and Sensibilities Of Lawyers: Lawyering in Literature, Narratives, Film and Television, and Ethical Choices Regarding Career and Craft’ . McGeorge Law Review , 31 : 1 61 64 – 6 .
  • 2000 . Telling Stories in School: Using Case Studies and Stories to Teach Legal Ethics . Fordham Law Review , 69 : 787
  • Gillers , S. 1995 . ‘Getting Personal’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 61
  • Spaeth , E.B. , Perry , J.G. and Wachs , P.B. 1996 . Teaching Legal Ethics: Exploring the Continuum’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 153 159 – 60 .
  • Wolfson , M.E . 1995 . ‘Professional Responsibility as a Lawyering Skill’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 297 301
  • Bennett , W.H. 1995 . The University of North Carolina Intergenerational Legal Ethics Project: Expanding the Contexts For Teaching Professional Ethics and Values’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 173
  • Mixon , J. and Schuwerk , R.P. 1995 . ‘The Personal Dimensions of Professional Responsibility’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 87
  • Sprinthall , N.A. “ ‘Counselling and Role Taking: Promoting Moral and Ego Development’ ” . Edited by: Rest and Narvaez .
  • Penn , W.Y. 1990 . ‘Teaching Ethics—A Direct Approach’ . Journal of Moral Education , 19 : 124
  • Bloch , F. 1982 . The Andragogical Basis of Clinical Legal Education’ . Vanderbilt Law Review , 35 : 321
  • Spiegelman , P.J. 1988 . ‘Integrating Doctrine, Theory and Practice in the Law School Curriculum: The Logic of Jake's Ladder in the Context of Amy's Web’ . Journal of Legal Education , 38 : 243
  • Lesnick , H. 1990 . ‘Infinity in a Grain of Sand: The World of Law and Lawyering as Portrayed in the Clinical Teaching Implicit in the Law School Curriculum’ . UCLA Law Review , 37 : 1157 1184 – 5 .
  • Quigley , F. 1995 . ‘Seizing the Disorienting Moment: Adult Learning and the Teaching of Social Justice in Law School Clinics’ . Clinical Law Review , 2 : 37
  • Bumham , S.J. 1991 . ‘Teaching Legal Ethics in Contracts’ . Journal of Legal Education , 41 : 105 108
  • Noone , M.A. and Dickson , J. 2001 . ‘Teaching Towards a New Professionalism: Challenging Law Students to become Ethical Lawyers’ . Legal Ethics , 4 : 131 135
  • Rhode , D.L. 1995 . ‘Into the Valley of Ethics: Professional Responsibility and Educational Reform’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 139 141
  • Jewell , M. 1984 . ‘Teaching Law Ethically: Is It Possible?’ . Dalhousie Law Journal , 8 : 474 507 – 10 .
  • Glennon , T. 1991–2 . ‘Building an Ethic of Responsibility’ . Hastings Law Journal , 43 : 1175
  • Johnstone , Q. 1951 . ‘Law School Legal Aid Clinics’ . Journal of Legal Education , 3 : 535 537
  • Rees , M. 1975 . ‘Clinical Legal Education: An Analysis of the University of Kent Model’ . Law Teacher , 12 : 125 136
  • Guggenheim , M. 1995 . ‘Fee‐Generating Clinics: Can We Bear the Costs?’ . Clinical Law Review , 1 : 677 683
  • Maresh , S. 1997 . “ ‘The Impact of Clinical Legal Education on Decisions of Law Students to Practice Public Interest Law’ ” . In Educating for Justice: Social Values and legal Education , Edited by: Cooper , J. and Trubek , L.G. Aldershot : Ashgate .
  • Styles , I. and Zariska , A. 2001 . ‘Law Clinics and the Promotion of Public Interest Lawyering’ . Law in Context , 19 : 65
  • Tranter , K. 2002 . ‘Pro‐Bono Ethos: Teaching Legal Ethics’ . Brief , 29 : 12 13
  • 1999 . ‘Developing Ethical Lawyers: Can Legal Education Enhance Access to Justice?’ . Law Teacher , 33 : 284 293 – 4 .
  • Paterson , A . “ ‘Legal Ethics: Its Nature and Place in the Curriculum’ ” . Edited by: Cranston .
  • Daly , M. , Green , B.A. and Pearce , R.G. 2004 . ‘Contextualizing Professional Responsibility: A New Curriculum For a New Century’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 193 197 – 8 .
  • Bundy , S. M. 2004 . ‘Ethics Education in the First Year: An Experiment’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 19 33
  • Gordon , R.W. 1993 . ‘Lawyers, Scholars and the “Middle Ground” . Michigan Law Review , 91 : 2075 2108
  • Giddings , J. 2001 . ‘Teaching the Ethics of Criminal Law and Practice’ . Law Teacher , 35 : 161 172
  • Moss , D.C. 1991 . ‘Out of Balance: Why Can't Look Schools Teach Ethics?’ . Student Law , Oct. : 19
  • Rhode , D.L. 1993 . ‘Missing Questions: Feminist Perspectives on Legal Education’ . Stanford Law Review , 45 : 1547 1561
  • Menkel‐Meadow , C. and Sander , R.H. 1995 . ‘The “Infusion” Method at UCLA: Teaching Ethics Pervasively’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 129
  • Brest , P. and Krieger , L. 1994 . ‘On Teaching Professional Judgment’ . Washington Law Review , 69 : 527
  • Moliterno , J.E. 1995 . ‘Professional Preparedness: A Comparative Study of Law Graduates’ Perceived Readiness for Professional Ethics Issues’ . Law and Contemporary Problems , 58 : 259
  • Schiltz , P.J. 1997–8 . ‘Legal Ethics in Decline: ‘The Elite Law Firm, the Elite Law School, and the Moral Formation of the Novice Attorney’ . Minnesota Law Review , 82 : 705 780
  • Maharg , P. 2007 . Transforming Legal Education: Learning and Teaching the Law in the Early Twenty‐first Century , London : Ashgate Publishing .
  • Nicolson , D. 2006 . ‘Legal Education or Community Service? The Extra‐Curricular Student Law Clinic’ . Web Journal of Current Legal Issues , http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/2006/issue3/nicolson3.html.
  • Nicolson , D. 2007 . ‘Access to justice: the role of the University Law Clinic’ . SCOLAG Special Issue, Paths to Justice , : 18
  • Griffiths‐Baker , J. 2002 . ‘Ethical Education through the Student Law Clinic’, . Legal Ethics , 5 : 24
  • Rochester , C. 2002 . ‘Legal advice as Student Community Action: The Case of the University of Bristol Law Clinic’ . The Journal of the Institute for Volunteering Research , 2 : 71
  • www.swansealawclinic.org.uk. (www.swansealawclinic.org.uk.)
  • http://www.ukcle.ac.uk/ukcleadm/resources/clinic/standards.html (http://www.ukcle.ac.uk/ukcleadm/resources/clinic/standards.html)
  • McDiarmid , M.A. 1990 . ‘What's Going on Down There in the Basement: In‐House Clinics Expand their Beachhead’ . New York Law School Law Review , 35 : 239 254 – 5 .
  • Kerrigan , K. and Plowden , P. 1996 . ‘Who Benefits?—Case Management and Clinical Education . Law Teacher , 30 : 315 316
  • Webb , J and Maughan , C , eds. 1996 . Teaching Lawyers’ Skills , London : Butterworths .
  • Neviman , R. 1999–2000 . ‘Donald Schon, The Reflective Practitioner, and the Comparative Failures of Legal Education’ . Clinical Legal Review , 6 : 401
  • Maughan , C and Webb , J . 2005 . Lawyering Skills and the Legal Process, , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • 1983 . ‘Clinical Education in the 70s: An Appraisal of the Decade’, . Journal of Legal Education , 33 : 604
  • 1986 . ‘"Tastes Great, Less Filling”: the Law School Clinic and Political Critique’ . Journal of Legal Education , 35 : 45
  • Redlich , N. 1983 . ‘The Moral Value of Clinical Legal Education’ . Journal of Legal Education , 33 : 613
  • Evans , A. and Palermo , J. July 2005 . “ ‘Does Clinical Experience Make any Observable Difference to Ethical Legal Practice?’ ” . July , paper delivered at Flowers in the Desert: Clinical Legal Education, Ethical Awareness and Community Service Monash University .
  • Evans , A. 2001 . ‘Lawyers’ Perceptions of their Values: an Empirical Assessment of Monash University Graduates in Law, 1980–1998’ . Legal Education Review , 12 : 209
  • Simon , R.J. 1966 . ‘An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Some Curriculum Innovations in Law Schools’ . International Journal of Applied Behavioural Science , 2 : 219
  • Sacks , H. 1968 . ‘Student Fieldwork as a Technique in Educating Students in Professional Responsibility’ . Journal of Legal Education , 20 : 291
  • MacFarlane , J. 1992 . ‘Look Before You Leap: Knowledge and Learning in Legal Skills Education’ . Journal of Law and Society , 19 : 293 306
  • University of Strathclyde. I would like to thank the many University of Strathclyde Law Clinic students who assisted me researching this article, particularly Natalie Amer, Lindsay Bruce, Angus Gillies, Alice Morgan, Christine Rae and Adrienne Shepherd. I would also like to thank Aileen McHarg, Simon Halliday and two anonymous referees for their comments on an earlier draft.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.