66,330
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Counselling

Therapists’ views on the use of questions in person-centred therapy

ORCID Icon
Pages 238-250 | Received 14 Feb 2020, Accepted 02 Mar 2021, Published online: 24 May 2021

References

  • Ahern, K. J. (1999). Pearls, pith, and provocation: Ten tips for reflexive bracketing. Qualitative Health Research, 9(3), 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973239900900309
  • Anderson, H. (2001). Postmodern collaborative and person-centred therapies: What would Carl Rogers say? Journal of Family Therapy, 23(4), 339–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00189
  • Bhaskar, R. (2015). The possibility of naturalism: A philosophical critique of the contemporary human sciences (4th ed.). Routledge.
  • Bishop, W., & Fish, J. M. (1999). Questions as interventions: Perceptions of socratic, solution focused, and diagnostic questioning styles. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 17(2), 115–140. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023005015329
  • Bohart, A. C. (2012). Can you be integrative and a person-centered therapist at the same time? Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2011.639461
  • Bohart, A. C., Elliott, R., Greenberg, L. S., & Watson, J. C. (2002). Empathy. In J. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Therapist contributions and responsiveness to patients (pp. 89–108). OUP.
  • Bozarth, J. D. (2002). Nondirectivity in the person-centered approach: Critique of Kahn's critique. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42(2), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167802422007
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Braun, J. D., Strunk, D. R., Sasso, K. E., & Cooper, A. A. (2015). Therapist use of Socratic questioning predicts session-to-session symptom change in cognitive therapy for depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 70, 32–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2015.05.004
  • Brodley, B. T. (1997). The nondirective attitude in client-centered therapy. The Person-Centered Journal, 4(1), 18–30.
  • Brodley, B. T., & Lietaer, G. (Eds). (2006a). Transcripts of Carl Rogers’ therapy sessions. Vol. 12. http://pcayorks.blogspot.co.uk/2010/02/carl-rogers-transcripts.html.
  • Brodley, B. T., & Lietaer, G. (2006b). Transcripts of Carl Rogers’ therapy sessions. Vol. 15. http://pcayorks.blogspot.co.uk/2010/02/carl-rogers-transcripts.html.
  • Brown, J. (1997). Circular questioning: An introductory guide. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 18(2), 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1467-8438.1997.tb00276.x
  • Buber, M. (1970). I and thou (2nd ed.). T. & T. Clark.
  • Cepeda, L. M., & Davenport, D. S. (2006). Person-centered therapy and solution-focused brief therapy: An integration of present and future awareness. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.43.1.1
  • Cheung, J. C. (2014). Behind the mirror: What Rogerian “technique” is NOT. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 13(4), 312–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2014.924429
  • Combs, A. W. (1993). Perceptual-experiential therapy. The Family Journal, 1(1), 81–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/106648079300100115
  • Cooper, M. (2004). Person-centred therapy: Myths and reality. https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/42358/1/2004_myths_of_PCA.pdf.
  • Cooper, M. (2008). Essential research findings in counselling and psychotherapy: The facts are friendly. Sage.
  • Cooper, M., & McLeod, J. (2010). Pluralism: Towards a new paradigm for therapy. Therapy Today, 21(9), 10–14.
  • De Shazer, S., & Dolan, Y. (2012). More than miracles: The state of the art of solution-focused brief therapy. Routledge.
  • Elliott, R. (2013). Person-centered/experiential psychotherapy for anxiety difficulties: Theory, research and practice. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 12(1), 16–32. doi: 10.1080/14779757.2013.767750
  • Elliott, R., & Greenberg, L. S. (2007). The essence of process-experiential/emotion-focused therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 61(3), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2007.61.3.241
  • Feltham, C. (2010). Critical thinking in counselling and psychotherapy. Sage.
  • Finke, J. (2018). Beyond and on the side of orthodox client-centeredness - on balancing the conceptual framework of PCT. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 17(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2017.1398677
  • Hill, C. E. (2007). My personal reactions to Rogers (1957): The facilitative but neither necessary nor sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(3), 260–264. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.3.260
  • Hill, C. E., Helms, J. E., Tichenor, V., Spiegel, S. B., O'Grady, K. E., & Perry, E. S. (1988). Effects of therapist response modes in brief psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35(3), 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.35.3.222
  • Holdstock, T. L., & Rogers, C. R. (1983). Person-centered theory. In R. J. Corsini & A. J. Marsella (Eds.), Personality theories, research & assessment (pp. 125–151). FE Peacock Pub.
  • Josefowitz, N., & Myran, D. (2005). Towards a person-centred cognitive behaviour therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 18(4), 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070500473600
  • Kahn, E. (1999). A critique of non-directivity in the person-centered approach. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 39(4), 94–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167899394006
  • Kahn, E. (2002). A way to help people by holding theory lightly: A response to bozarth, Merry and Brodley, and sommerbeck. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42(2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167802422009
  • Kahn, E. (2012). On being “up to other things”: The nondirective attitude and therapist-frame responses in client-centered therapy and contemporary psychoanalysis. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 11(3), 240–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2012.700285
  • Kirschenbaum, H. (2012). What is “person-centered”? A posthumous conversation with Carl Rogers on the development of the person-centered approach. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 11(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2012.656406
  • Knox, R. (2008). Clients’ experiences of relational depth in person-centred counselling. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 8(3), 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140802035005
  • Lambert, M., Fidalgo, L., & Greaves, M. (2002). In D. J. Cain (Ed.), Humanistic psychotherapies: Handbook of research and practice (pp. xxviii–xxv701). American Psychological Association.
  • Lazarus, A. (1969). Relationship therapy: Often necessary but usually insufficient. The Counseling Psychologist, 1(2), 25–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/001100006900100202
  • Levitt, B. E. (2005). Embracing non-directivity: Reassessing person-centered theory and practice for the 21st century. PCCS Books.
  • Lietaer, G., & Gundrum, M. (2018). His master's voice: Carl Rogers’ verbal response modes in therapy and demonstration sessions throughout his career. A quantitative analysis and some qualitative-clinical comments. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 17(4), 275–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2018.1544091
  • Mearns, D. (2003). Developing person-centred counselling (2nd ed). Sage.
  • Mearns, D., & Cooper, M. (2005). Working at relational depth in counselling and psychology. Sage.
  • Merry, T., & Brodley, B. (2002). The nondirective attitude in client-centered therapy: A response to kahn. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42(2), 66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167802422006
  • Moon, K., & Rice, B. (2012). The nondirective attitude in client-centered practice: A few questions. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 11(4), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2012.740322
  • Murphy, D., & Joseph, S. (2015). In D. J. Cain (Ed.), Humanistic psychotherapies: Handbook of research and practice (pp. xxviii–xxv701). American Psychological Association.
  • Parloff, M. B., Waskow, I. E., & Wolfe, B. E. (1978). Research on therapist variables in relation to process and outcome. In S. L. Garfield & A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis (pp. 233–282).
  • Patterson, C. H. (1980). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy. Harper and Row.
  • Patterson, C. H. (1990). On being client-centered. Person-Centered Review, 5(4), 425–432.
  • Rennie, D. L. (1998). Person-centred counselling: An experiential approach. Sage.
  • Renger, S., Macaskill, A., & Naylor, B. (2020). Learning and change within person-centred therapy: Views of expert therapists. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 20(3). doi: 10.1002/capr.12291
  • Rogers, C. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(2), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045357
  • Rogers, C. (2003). Client-centred therapy. Constable.
  • Rogers, C. R., & Carmichael, L. (1942). Counseling and psychotherapy: New concepts in practice. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Sachse, R. (2004). From client-centered to clarification-oriented psychotherapy/Von der klientenzentrierten zur klärungsorientierten psychotherapie/De una Psicoterapia centrada en el cliente a una Psicoterapia orientada en la clarificación. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 3(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2004.9688327
  • Sanders, P., & Hill, A. (2014). Counselling for depression: A person-centred and experiential approach to practice. Sage.
  • Schmid, P. (2006). The challenge of the other: Towards dialogical person-centered psychotherapy and counseling/Die herausforderung durch den anderen: Auf dem Weg zu einer dialogischen personzentrierten Psychotherapie und beratung/El desafío del otro: Hacia una psicoterapia dialógica centrada en la persona/Le défi de l'Autre: Vers une approche dialogique de la psychothérapie et du counselling centrés sur la personne. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 5(4), 240–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2006.9688416
  • Schmid, P. F. (2001). Comprehension: the art of not-knowing. Dialogical and ethical perspectives on empathy as dialogue in personal and person-centred relationships. In Haugh, S. and Merry, T. (Eds.), Rogers' therapeutic conditions evolution, theory and practice (pp. 53–71). Ross-on-Wye: PCCS.
  • Schmid, P. F. (2013). Dialogue as the foundation of person-centered therapy. Relational Depth. New Perspectives and Developments, 155–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29831-7_13
  • Sparkes, A. (2014). Qualitative Research methods in sport, exercise and health: From process to product. Routledge.
  • Takens, R., & Lietaer, G. (2004). Process differentiation and person-centeredness: A contradiction?/prozessdifferenzierung und personzentrierung: Ein widerspruch?/diferenciación de proceso y cualidad centrada en la persona: ¿una contradicción?/procesdifferentiatie en persoonsgerichtheid: Een tegenstelling?. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 3(2), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2004.9688334
  • Thorne, B. (2007). Person-centred therapy in dryden's handbook of individual therapy. Sage.
  • Tudor, K., & Worrall, M. (2006). Person-centred therapy: A clinical philosophy. Routledge.
  • Velasquez, P., & Montiel, C. (2018). Reapproaching rogers: A discursive examination of client-centered therapy. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 17(3), 253–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2018.1527243
  • Wachtel, P. L. (2007). Carl Rogers and the larger context of therapeutic thought. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(3), 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.3.279
  • Wilkins, P. (2015). Person-centred therapy: 100 key points. Routledge.
  • Witty, M. C. (2007). Client-centered therapy. In Nikolaos Kazantzis & Luciano LĽAbate (Eds.), Handbook of homework assignments in psychotherapy (pp. 35–50). Springer.
  • Wood, J. K. (2008). Carl Rogers’ person-centered approach: Toward an understanding of its implications. PCCS Books.