Single-session chairwork: overview and case illustration of brief dialogical psychotherapy

References

• Aafjes-van Doorn, K., & Sweeney, K. (2019). The effectiveness of initial therapy contact: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 74, 101786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 931–965. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angus, L. E., & Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Working with narrative in emotion-focused therapy. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Angus, L. E., & McLeod, J. (2004). The handbook of narrative and psychotherapy: Practice, theory, and research. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Arntz, A., & Weertman, A. (1999). Treatment of childhood memories: Theory and practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(8), 715–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00173-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, T., Montague, J., Elander, J., & Gilbert, P. (2020). “A definite feel-it moment”: Embodiment, externalisation and emotion during chair-work in compassion-focused therapy. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 20(1), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, B. M., & Jonnson, M. R. (2020). Have a seat: Supervisee perspectives on using chair-based role plays in clinical supervision. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccone, P. J. (2016). Embracing the whole self: Using the empty chair technique to process internalized biphobia during bisexual identity enactment. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 10(3), 150–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2016.1199291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boecking, B., & Lavender, A. (2020). Experiential techniques at assessment. In G. Heath & H. Startup (Eds.), Creative methods in schema therapy: Advances and innovations in clinical practice (pp. 48–59). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Boscolo, L., & Bertrando, P. (2018). Systemic therapy with individuals. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (2001). The standard edition of the complete works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 2): Studies on hysteria. London: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Bruner, J. (2002). Making stories: Law, literature, life. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, A. (2012). Single-session approaches to therapy: Time to review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 33(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/aft.2012.3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstenson, B. (1955). The auxiliary chair technique – a case study. Group Psychotherapy, 8, 50–56.
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick, P. (2003). Two chairs, self-schemata and a person based approach to psychosis. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31(4), 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465803004053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, K. M., & Greenberg, L. S. (1986). Differential effects of the Gestalt two-chair intervention and problem solving in resolving decisional conflict. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.33.1.11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conoley, C. W., Conoley, J. C., McConnell, J. A., & Kimzey, C. E. (1983). The effect of the ABCs of rational emotive therapy and the empty-chair technique of Gestalt therapy on anger reduction. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 20(1), 112–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0088470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courtnage, A. (2020). Hoping for change: The role of hope in single-session therapy. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 39(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2020.39.1.49
   Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2013). Creativity: The psychology of discovery and invention. HarperCollins Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Cukier, R. (2007). Bipersonal psychodrama: Its techniques, therapists, and clients. www.lulu.com.
   Google Scholar
• Dayton, T. (2005). The living stage: A step-by-step guide to psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy. Health Communications.
   Google Scholar
• Delavechia, T. R., Velasquez, M. I., Duran, E. P., Matsumoto, L. S., & de Oliveira, I. R. (2016). Changing negative core beliefs with trial-based thought record. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), 43(2), 31–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000078
   Google Scholar
• de Oliveira, I. R., Hemmany, C., Powell, V. B., Bonfim, T. D., Duran, É. P., Novais, N., Velasquez, M., Di Sarno, E., Alves, G. L., & Cesnik, J. A. (2012). Trial-based psychotherapy and the efficacy of trial-based thought record in changing unhelpful core beliefs and reducing self-criticism. CNS Spectrums, 17(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852912000399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detert, N. B., Llewelyn, S., Hardy, G. E., Barkham, M., & Stiles, W. B. (2006). Assimilation in good- and poor-outcome cases of very brief psychotherapy for mild depression: An initial comparison. Psychotherapy Research, 16(4), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300500294728
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillard, J. (2013). Integrated deep listening interviewing techniques: Accessing your inner compass and emerging potentials. Deep Listening Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Dimaggio, G. (2012). Dialogically oriented therapies and the role of poor metacognition in personality disorders. In H. J. M. Hermans & T. Gieser (Eds.), Handbook of dialogical self theory (pp. 356–373). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dimaggio, G., Salvatore, G., & Catania, D. (2004). Strategies for the treatment of dialogical dysfunctions. In H. J. M. Hermans & G. Dimaggio (Eds.), The dialogical self in psychotherapy (pp. 190–204). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Drucker, K. (2013). Psychodrama and the therapeutic spiral model in individual therapy. In K. Hudgins & F. Toscani (Eds.), Healing world trauma with the therapeutic spiral model: Psychodramatic stories from the frontlines (pp. 225–237). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Dryden, W. (2017). Single-session integrated CBT (SSI-CBT): Distinctive features. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dryden, W. (2019). Single-session therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dryden, W. (2020). The single-session counselling primer: Principles and practice. PCCS Books.
   Google Scholar
• Elliott, R., Watson, J. C., Goldman, R. N., & Greenberg, L. S. (2004). Learning emotion-focused therapy: The process-experiential approach to change. American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Fadiman, J., & Gruber, J. (2020). Your symphony of selves: Discover and understand more of who you are. Park Street Press.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, H., & Liu, X. (2020). Schema anywhere: The opportunities and pitfalls of delivering schema therapy online. Schema Therapy Bulletin, 17, 6–9.
   Google Scholar
• Fosha, D. (2000). The transforming power of affect: A model for accelerated change. Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Gabalda, I. C., & Stiles, W. B. (2020). Breaking the dominance of dominant voices: How the therapist promotes assimilation by facilitating dialogue with the client’s problematic voices. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 33(4), 441–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720537.2019.1689540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P. (1989). Human nature and suffering. Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion focused therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert, P., Clarke, M., Hempel, S., Miles, J. N., & Irons, C. (2004). Criticizing and reassuring oneself: An exploration of forms, styles and reasons in female students. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466504772812959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman, R. N., Greenberg, L. S., & Angus, L. (2006). The effects of adding emotion-focused interventions to the client-centered relationship conditions in the treatment of depression. Psychotherapy Research, 16(5), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300600589456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulding, M. M., & Goulding, R. L. (1979). Changing lives through redecision therapy. Brunner/Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg, L. S. (1983). Toward a task analysis of conflict resolution in Gestalt therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 20(2), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0088490
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, L. S. (2007). Emotion-focused therapy over time [DVD]. Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg, L. S. (2015). Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg, L. S., & Clarke, K. M. (1979). Differential effects of the two-chair experiment and empathic reflections at a conflict marker. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.26.1.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, L. S., & Higgins, H. M. (1980). Effects of two-chair dialogue and focusing on conflict resolution. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27(3), 221–224. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.27.3.221
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, L. S., & Malcolm, W. (2002). Resolving unfinished business: Relating process to outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(2), 406–416. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.2.406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, L. S., Safran, J., & Rice, L. (1989). Experiential therapy: Its relation to cognitive therapy. In A. Freeman, K. M. Simon, L. E. Beutler, & H. Arkowitz (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of cognitive therapy (pp. 169–187). Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hayward, M., Jones, A. M., Bogen-Johnston, L., Thomas, N., & Strauss, C. (2017). Relating therapy for distressing auditory hallucinations: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 183, 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendin, J. (2008). The self behind the symptom: How shadow voices heal us. Conscious Body and Voice Dialogue Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Hermans, H., & Hermans-Konopka, A. (2010). Dialogical self theory: Positioning and counter-positioning in a globalizing society. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hermans, H. J. M. (2004). The dialogical self: Between exchange and power. In H. J. M. Hermans & T. Gieser (Eds.), The dialogical self in psychotherapy (pp. 13–28). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hermans, H. J. M., & Gieser, T. (2012). Introduction. In H. J. M. Hermans & T. Gieser (Eds.), Handbook of dialogical self theory (pp. 25–45). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Holland, J. M., Plant, C. P., Klingspon, K. L., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2020). Bereavement-related regrets and unfinished business with the deceased. Death Studies, 44(1), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2018.1521106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins, L., Lee, S., McGrane, T., & Barbara-May, R. (2017). Single session family therapy in youth mental health: Can it help? Australasian Psychiatry, 25(2), 108–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856216658807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvatin, T., & Schreiber, E. (2015). The quintessential Zerka: Writings by Zerka Moreno on psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hoyt, M. F., Bobele, M., Slive, A., Young, J., & Talmon, M. (2018). Single-session therapy by walk-in or appointment: Administrative, clinical, and supervisory aspects of one-at-a-time services. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hoyt, M. F., & Talmon, M. (Eds.). (2014). Capturing the moment: Single session therapy and walk-in services. Crown House Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Hoyt, M. F., Young, J., & Rycroft, P. (2020). Single session thinking 2020. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 41(3), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1427
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyt, M. F., Young, J., & Rycroft, P. (2021). Single session thinking and practice in global, cultural, and familial contexts: Expanding applications. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hudgins, K. (2017). Action across the distance with telemedicine: The therapeutic spiral model to treatment trauma-online. In S. L. Brooke (Ed.), Combining the creative therapies with technology: Using social media and online counseling to treat clients (pp. 137–168). Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• Hudgins, M. K., & Kiesler, D. J. (1987). Individual experiential psychotherapy: An analogue validation of the intervention module of psychodramatic doubling. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 24(2), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0085711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hymmen, P., Stalker, C. A., & Cait, C. (2013). The case for single-session therapy: Does the empirical evidence support the increased prevalence of this service delivery model? Journal of Mental Health, 22(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2012.670880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellerman, P. F. (1992). Focus on psychodrama: The therapeutic aspects of psychodrama. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg, S. (2015). Transformational chairwork: Using psychotherapy dialogues in clinical practice. Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Kellogg, S. (2019). Transformational chairwork: Therapeutic change using the four dialogues. InPsych, 41, 16–21.
   Google Scholar
• Kipper, D. A. (1986). Psychotherapy through clinical role playing. Brunner/Mazel.
   Google Scholar
• Kleiman, T., & Enisman, M. (2018). The conflict mindset: How internal conflicts affect self-regulation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 12(5), e12387. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12387
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knittel, M. G. (2009). Counselling and drama: Psychodrama a deux. Xlibris.
   Google Scholar
• Konopka, A., Hermans, H. J. M., & Goncalves, M. M. (2019). The dialogical self as a landscape of mind populated by a society of I-positions. In A. Konopka, H. J. M. Hermans, & M. M. Goncalves (Eds.), Handbook of dialogical self theory and psychotherapy: Bridging psychotherapeutic and cultural traditions (pp. 9–23). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer, U., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2016). The role of maladaptive anger in self-criticism: A quasi-experimental study on emotional processes. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 29(3), 311–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2015.1090395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kross, E., & Ayduk, O. (2017). Self-distancing: Theory, research, and current directions. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 81–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2016.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurzban, R. (2010). Why everyone (else) is a hypocrite: Evolution and the modular mind. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus, A. A. (1966). Behaviour rehearsal vs. non-directive therapy vs. advice in effecting behaviour change. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 4(1-2), 209–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(66)90068-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leal, J., Cunha, C., Santos, A., & Salgado, J. (2021). Helping clients victimized by intimate partners through stages of change: An emotion-focused approach. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 51(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-020-09474-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, E., & Tratner, M. (2020). Make every session count for clients! Rethinking clinical social work practice from single session therapy (SST): A case illustration of emotion-focused therapy. Journal of Social Work Practice, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2020.1835846.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester, D. (1992). The disunity of the self. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(8), 947–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90013-F
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitsky, A., & Perls, F. (1969). The rules and games of gestalt therapy. In H. M. Ruitenbeek (Ed.), Group therapy today: Styles, methods, and techniques (pp. 221–230). Atherton Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ling, N. C. Y., Serpell, L., Burnett-Stuart, S., & Pugh, M. (2021). Interviewing anorexia: How do individuals given a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa experience voice dialogue with their eating disorder voice? A qualitative analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litz, B. T., Lebowitz, L., Gray, M. J., & Nash, W. P. (2016). Adaptive disclosure: A new treatment for military trauma, loss, and moral injury. Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Lowe, S. M., Okubo, Y., & Reilly, M. F. (2012). A qualitative inquiry into racism, trauma, and coping: Implications for supporting victims of racism. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(3), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026501
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews, K. M. (2018). The integration of emotion-focused therapy within single-session therapy. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 37(4), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1521/jsyt.2018.37.4.15
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, J. L. (2008). The essential Moreno: Writings on psychodrama, group method, and spontaneity. Tusitala Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Mulder, R., Murray, G., & Rucklidge, J. (2017). Common versus specific factors in psychotherapy: Opening the black box. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(12), 953–962. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30100-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muntigl, P., Chubak, L., & Angus, L. (2017). Entering chair work in psychotherapy: An interactional structure for getting emotion-focused talk underway. Journal of Pragmatics, 117, 168–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2017.06.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muntigl, P., Horvath, A. O., Chubak, L., & Angus, L. (2020). Getting to “yes”: Overcoming client reluctance to engage in chair work. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.582856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, J., Rowell, L., McQuaid, A., Timulak, L., O’Flynn, R., & McElvaney, J. (2017). Developing a model of working with worry in emotion-focused therapy: A discovery-phase task analytic study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 17(1), 56–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12089
   Google Scholar
• Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neimeyer, R. A. (2012). Chair work. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Techniques of grief therapy: Creative practices for counselling the bereaved (pp. 266–273). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• O’Hanlon, W. H., & Hexum, A. L. (1990). An uncommon casebook: The complete clinical work of Milton H. Erickson MD. WW Norton and Co.
   Google Scholar
• Paivio, S. C., Jarry, J. L., Chagigiorgis, H., Hall, I., & Ralston, M. (2010). Efficacy of two versions of emotion-focused therapy for resolving child abuse trauma. Psychotherapy Research, 20(3), 353–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300903505274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passmore, J., & Sinclair, T. (2020). Becoming a coach: The essential ICF guide. Pavilion Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Perls, F. S. (1969). Gestalt therapy verbatim. Real People.
   Google Scholar
• Polster, E. (1995). A population of selves: A therapeutic exploration of personal diversity. Gestalt Journal Press.
   Google Scholar
• Polster, E., & Polster, M. (1974). Gestalt therapy integrated: Contours of theory and practice. Vintage Books.
   Google Scholar
• Pos, A. E., & Greenberg, L. S. (2012). Organizing awareness and increasing emotion regulation: Revising chair work in emotion-focused therapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26(1), 84–107. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2012.26.1.84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, M. (in press). Cognitive behavioural chairwork. In J. Passmore & S. Leach (Eds.), Neuroscience and psychology: Using third wave cognitive behavioural approaches and beyond. Shoreham-by-Sea: Pavilion Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Pugh, M. (2019a). Cognitive behavioural chairwork: Distinctive features. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pugh, M. (2019b). Resolving ambivalence and overcoming blocks to change: A multi-modal and schema-informed approach. In S. Simpson & E. Smith (Eds.), Schema therapy for eating disorders: Theory and practice for individual and group settings (pp. 187–206). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pugh, M. (2019c). A little less talk, a little more action: A dialogical approach to cognitive therapy. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 12, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X19000333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, M., & Bell, T. (2020). Process-based chairwork: Applications and innovations in the time of COVID-19. European Journal of Counselling Theory, Research, and Practice, 4, 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Pugh, M., Bell, T., & Dixon, A. (2021). Delivering tele-chairwork: A qualitative survey of expert therapists. Psychotherapy Research, 31(7), 843–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2020.1854486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, M., Bell, T., Waller, G., & Petrova, E. (2021). Attitudes and applications of chairwork amongst CBT therapists: A preliminary survey. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 14(21), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X21000052.
   Google Scholar
• Pugh, M., & Broome, N. (2020). Dialogical coaching: An experiential approach to personal and professional development. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 72(3), 223–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000162
   Google Scholar
• Pugh, M., & Margetts, A. (2020). Are you sitting (un)comfortably? Action-based supervision and supervisory drift. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X20000185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, M., & Salter, C. (2021). Positive psychotherapy with a pulse: Achieving depth through dialogue. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 6(3), 233–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-020-00046-4
   Google Scholar
• Roediger, E., Stevens, B. A., & Brockman, R. (2018). Contextual schema therapy: An integrative approach to personality disorders, emotional dysregulation and interpersonal functioning. Context Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schleider, J. L., & Weisz, J. R. (2017). Little treatments, promising effects? Meta-analysis of single-session interventions for youth psychiatric problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, D. J. (2020). The developing mind: Hwo relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are (3rd ed.). New York: Guildford.
   Google Scholar
• Sliker, G. (1992). Multiple mind: Healing the split in psyche and world. Shambhala Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Slive, A., & Bobele, M. (2011). When one hour is all you have: Effective therapy for walk-in clients. Zeig, Tucker, and Theisen.
   Google Scholar
• Slive, A., & Bobele, M. (2012). Walk-in counselling service: Making the most of one hour. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 33(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/aft.2012.4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiegler, J. R., Binder, P. E., Hjeltnes, A., Stige, S. H., & Schanche, E. (2018). ‘It’s heavy, intense, horrendous and nice’: Clients’ experiences in two-chair dialogues. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 17(2), 139–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2018.1472138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, H., & Stone, S. (1989). Embracing our selves: The voice dialogue manual. Nataraj Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Stone, H., & Stone, S. (1993). Embracing your inner critic: Turning self-criticism into an asset. HarperCollins Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Talmon, S. (1990). Single-session therapy: Maximising the effect of the first (and often only) therapeutic encounter. Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Tomasulo, D. J. (2019). The virtual gratitude visit (VGV): Using psychodrama and role-playing as a positive intervention. In L. E. van Zyl & S. Rothmann Sr (Eds.), Positive psychological intervention design and protocols for multi-cultural contexts (pp. 405–413). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Tomm, K., Hoyt, K., & Madigan, S. (1998). Honoring our internalized others and the ethics of caring. In M. Hoyt (Ed.), The handbook of constructive therapies (pp. 198–218). Brunner-Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Trachsel, M., Ferrari, L., & Holtforth, M. G. (2012). Resolving partnership ambivalence: A randomized controlled trial of very brief cognitive and experiential interventions with follow-up. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 46(3), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-66437
   Google Scholar
• Waters, F., & Fernyhough, C. (2017). Hallucinations: A systematic review of points of similarity and difference across diagnostic classes. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, J. C., & Greenberg, L. S. (2000). Alliance ruptures and repairs in experiential therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200002)56:2<175::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whelton, W. J., & Greenberg, L. S. (2005). Emotion in self-criticism. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(7), 1583–1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitmore, D. (2014). Psychosynthesis counselling in action (4th ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Yontef, G. M. (1993). Awareness, dialogue, and process: Essays on gestalt therapy. Gestalt Journal Press.
   Google Scholar
• Young, J. (2018). Single-session therapy: The misunderstood gift that keeps on giving. In M. F. Hoyt, M. Bobele, A. Slive, J. Young, & M. Talmon (Eds.), Single-session therapy by walk-in or appointment: Administrative, clinical, and supervisory aspects of one-at-a-time services (pp. 40–58). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Zinker, J. (1977). Creative process in gestalt therapy. Random House.
   Google Scholar