Work experiences and knowledge transfer among Korean academics: focusing on generational differences

References

• Abramo, G., C. A. D’Angelo, and F. D. Costa. 2009. “Research Collaboration and Productivity: Is There Correlation?” Higher Education 57 (2): 155–71. doi: 10.1007/s10734-008-9139-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akerlind, G. S. 2005. “Academic Growth and Development – How Do University Academics Experience It?” Higher Education 50 (1): 1–32. doi: 10.1007/s10734-004-6345-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argote, L., and P. Ingram. 2000. “Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 82 (1): 150–69. doi: 10.1006/obhd.2000.2893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvanitis, S., U. Kubli, and M. Woerter. 2008. “University–Industry Knowledge and Technology Transfer in Switzerland: What University Scientists Think about Co-operation with Private Enterprises.” Research Policy 37 (10): 1865–83. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2008.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bak, H. J. 2006. “Characteristics and Transformation of Korean Academic Science: Focusing on the Trend of Academic R&D Expenditure Since 1980s.” Social Theory 30: 213–44.
   Google Scholar
• Becher, T., and P. R. Trowler. 2001. Academic Tribes and Territories: Intellectual Inquiry and the Culture of Discipline. Milton Keynes: The Society for Research into Higher Education and the Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bellas, M. L., and R. K. Toutkoushian. 1999. “Faculty Time Allocations and Research Productivity: Gender, Race and Family Effects.” The Review of Higher Education 22 (4): 367–90. doi: 10.1353/rhe.1999.0014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breschi, S., F. Lissoni, and F. Montobbio. 2008. “University Patenting and Scientific Productivity: A Quantitative Study of Italian Academic Inventors.” European Management Review 5: 91–109. doi: 10.1057/emr.2008.9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, H.-D., B.-H. Lee, T. K. Sung, and S.-W. Kim. 2011. “Assessing the Institutional Legitimacy of Research and Technology Organisations in South Korea: A Content Analysis Approach.” Science, Technology & Society 16 (1): 53–73. doi: 10.1177/097172181001600104
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choung, J.-Y., and H.-R. Hwang. 2013. “The Evolutionary Patterns of Knowledge Production in Korea.” Scientometrics 94 (2): 629–50. doi: 10.1007/s11192-012-0780-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, B. R. 1997. “Small Worlds, Different Worlds: The Uniqueness and Troubles of American Academic Professions.” Daedalus 126 (4): 21–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, W. M., P. R. Nelson, and J. P. Walsh. 2002. “Links and Impacts: The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D.” Management Science 48 (1): 1–23. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.48.1.1.14273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cresswell, J. W. 1985. Faculty Research Performances: Lessons from the Sciences and Social Sciences ( ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 4). Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Debackere, K., and M. A. Rappa. 1995. “Scientists at Major and Minor Universities: Mobility along the Prestige Continuum.” Research Policy 24 (1): 137–50. doi: 10.1016/0048-7333(95)98447-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deem, E. D., K. T. Mahoney, and J. H. Ball. 2012. “Research Motives of Faculty in Academic STEM: Measurement Invariance of the Research Motivation Scale.” Journal of Career Assessment 20 (2): 182–95. doi: 10.1177/1069072711420856
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delamont, S., and P. Atkinson. 2001. “Doctoring Uncertainty: Mastering Craft Knowledge.” Social Studies of Science 31 (1): 87–107. doi: 10.1177/030631201031001005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Melo-Martin, I. 2013. “Patenting and the Gender Gap: Should Women be Encouraged to Patent More?” Science and Engineering Ethics 19 (2): 491–504. doi: 10.1007/s11948-011-9344-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Este, P., and P. Patel. 2007. “University–Industry Linkages in the UK: What are the Factors Underlying the Variety of Interactions with Industry?” Research Policy 36 (9): 1295–313. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2007.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietz, J. S., and B. Bozeman. 2005. “Academic Careers, Patents, and Productivity: Industry Experience as Scientific and Technical Human Capital.” Research Policy 34 (3): 349–67. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2005.01.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H., and L. Leydesdorff. 1995. “The Triple Helix: University–Industry–Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge-based Economic Development.” EASST Review 14: 14–19.
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H., A. Webster, C. Gebhardt, and B. Terra. 2000. “The Future of the University and the University of the Future: Evolution of Ivory Tower to Entrepreneurial Paradigm.” Research Policy 29 (2): 313–30. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00069-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franzoni, C., G. Scellato, and P. Stephan. 2011. “Changing Incentives to Publish.” Science 333: 702–3. doi: 10.1126/science.1197286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geuna, A., and A. Muscio. 2009. “The Governance of University Knowledge Transfer: A Critical Review of the Literature.” Minerva 47 (1): 93–114. doi: 10.1007/s11024-009-9118-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons, M., and R. Johnston. 2000. “The Roles of Science in Technological Innovation.” In The Economics of Science and Innovation, edited by P. E. Stephan, 117, 305–28. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Glanzel, W., and C. de Lange. 2002. “A Distributional Approach to Multinationality Measures of International Scientific Collaboration.” Scientometrics 54 (1): 75–89. doi: 10.1023/A:1015684505035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden, J., and F. V. Carstensen. 1992. “Academic Research Productivity, Department Size and Organization: Further Results, Comment.” Economics of Education Review 11 (2): 153–60. doi: 10.1016/0272-7757(92)90005-N
   Google Scholar
• Grimm, H., and J. Jaenicke. 2015. “Testing the Causal Relationship Between Academic Patenting and Scientific Publishing in Germany: Crowding-out or Reinforcement?.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 40 (3): 512–35. doi: 10.1007/s10961-014-9353-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancock, S., and E. Walsh. 2016. “Beyond Knowledge and Skills: Rethinking the Development of Professional Identity During the STEM Doctorate.” Studies in Higher Education 41 (3): 37–50. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2014.915301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemmert, M., H. Okamuro, L. Bstieler, and K. Ruth. 2008. “An Inquiry into the Status and Nature of University–Industry Research Collaboration.” Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics 49 (2): 163–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horta, H. 2009. “Holding a Post-Doctoral Position before Becoming a Faculty Member: Does it Bring Benefits for the Scholarly Enterprise?” Higher Education 58 (5): 689–721. doi: 10.1007/s10734-009-9221-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, K. 2008. “International Collaboration in Multilayered Center-Periphery in the Globalization of Science and Technology.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 33 (1): 101–33. doi: 10.1177/0162243907306196
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Idris, K. 2003. Intellectual Property: A Power Tool for Economic Growth. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Jung, J. 2012. “Faculty Research Productivity in Hong Kong across Academic Discipline.” Higher Education Studies 2 (4): 1–15. doi: 10.5539/hes.v2n4p1
   Google Scholar
• Jung, J. 2013. “International Research Collaboration among Academics in China and South Korea.” International Journal of Chinese Education 1 (2): 235–54. doi: 10.1163/22125868-12340005
   Google Scholar
• Jung, J. 2014. “Research Productivity by Career Stage among Korean Academics.” Tertiary Education and Management 20 (2): 85–105. doi: 10.1080/13583883.2014.889206
   Google Scholar
• Jung, J. 2015. “Higher Education Research as a Field of Study in South Korea: Inward but Starting to Look Outward.” Higher Education Policy 28 (4): 495–515. doi: 10.1057/hep.2015.18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, J., and J. S. Mah. 2013. “R&D Policies of Korea and Their Implications for Developing Countries.” Science, Technology, and Society 18 (2): 165–88. doi: 10.1177/0971721813489435
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KEDI (Korean Educational Development Institute). 2016. Statistical Yearbook of Education. Seoul: Korea.
   Google Scholar
• Keith, B., J. Layne, N. Babchuck, and K. Johnson. 2002. “The Context of Scientific Achievement: Sex Status, Organizational Environments, and the Timing of Publication on Scholarship Outcomes.” Social Forces 80 (4): 1253–81. doi: 10.1353/sof.2002.0029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., H. J. Lim, and S. J. Lee. 2013. “Applying Research Collaboration as a New Way of Measuring Research Performance in Korean Universities.” Scientometrics 99 (1): 97–115. doi: 10.1007/s11192-013-1095-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwiek, M. 2015. “Academic Generations and Academic Work: Patterns of Attitudes, Behaviors, and Research Productivity of Polish Academics after 1989.” Studies in Higher Education 40 (8): 1354–76. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2015.1060706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, K. S. 2011. “The Co-evolution of Universities’ Academic Research and Knowledge Transfer Activities: The Case of South Korea.” Science and Public Policy 38 (6): 493–503. doi: 10.3152/030234211X12960315267930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, K. S., and B. R. Martin. 2012. “Synergy or Separation Mode: The Relationship Between the Academic Research and the Knowledge Transfer Activities of Korean Academics.” Scientometrics 90 (1): 177–200. doi: 10.1007/s11192-011-0513-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon, K. S., H. W. Park, M. So, and L. Leydesdorff. 2012. “Has Globalization Strengthened South Korea’s National Research System? National and International Dynamics of the Triple Helix of Scientific Co-authorship Relationships in South Korea.” Scientometrics 90 (1): 163–76. doi: 10.1007/s11192-011-0512-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyvik, S., and D. W. Aksnes. 2015. “Explaining the Increase in Publication Productivity among Academic Staff: A Generational Perspective.” Studies in Higher Education 40 (8): 1438–53. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2015.1060711
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, P. O., and M. von Ins. 2010. “The Rate of Growth in Scientific Publication and the Decline in Coverage Provided by Science Citation Index.” Scientometrics 84 (3): 575–603. doi: 10.1007/s11192-010-0202-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. J. 2015. “Growth Behavior of Research Collaboration with Heterogeneous Colleagues and Research Commercial Activities in Korean Academics.” In The Relevance of Academic Work in Comparative Perspective, edited by W. K. Cummings and U. Teichler, 121–38. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S., and B. Bozeman. 2005. “The Impact of Research Collaboration on Scientific Productivity.” Social Studies of Science 35 (5): 673–702. doi: 10.1177/0306312705052359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, S. G., and P. E. Stephan. 1991. “Research Productivity over the Life Cycle: Evidence for Academic Scientists.” American Economic Review 81 (1): 114–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löwenstein, F., and R. Kooij. 2011. The Changing Academic Profession: Table by Country (Advanced Countries). Kassel: International Centre of Higher Education Research Kassel, University of Kassel.
   Google Scholar
• Marquina, M., and G. A. Jones. 2015. “Generational Change and Academic Work: An Introduction.” Studies in Higher Education 40 (8): 1349–53. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2015.1064199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoleni, R., and R. R. Nelson. 2007. “Public Research Institutions and Economic Catch-up.” Research Policy 36 (10): 1512–28. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2007.06.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEST (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology). 2008. National Project Towards Building World Class Universities 2008–2012. Seoul: Korean MEST.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education. 1974. Report on Students Studying Abroad. Seoul: Korean Ministry of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Moon, M., and K. Kim. 2001. “A Case of Korean Higher Education Reform: The Brain Korea 21 Project.” Asia Pacific Education Review 2 (2): 96–105. doi: 10.1007/BF03026294
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, R. P., C. Kruytbosch, and N. Kannankutty. 2001. “Patenting and Invention Activity of U.S. Scientists and Engineers in the Academic Sector: Comparisons with Industry.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 26 (1–2): 173–83. doi: 10.1023/A:1007856800497
   Google Scholar
• National Research Foundation of Korea. 2005. White Paper on University–Industry Cooperation ( in Korean). Daejeon: National Research Foundation of Korea.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Foundation of Korea. 2010. 2009 Report on Survey of Academic Research Activities (in Korean). Daejeon: National Research Foundation of Korea.
   Google Scholar
• National Research Foundation of Korea. 2011. White Paper on University–Industry Cooperation ( in Korean). Daejeon: National Research Foundation of Korea.
   Google Scholar
• Park, J., S. Jeong, Y. Yoon, and H. Lee. 2015. “The Evolving Role of Collaboration in Developing Scientific Capability: Evidence from Korean Government-Supported Research Institutes.” Science and Public Policy 42 (2): 255–72. doi: 10.1093/scipol/scu041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, H. W., and L. Leydesdorff. 2008. “Korean Journals in the Science Citation Index: What Do They Reveal about the Intellectual Structure of S&T in Korea?” Scientometrics 75 (3): 439–62. doi: 10.1007/s11192-007-1862-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poti, B., and E. Reale. 2000. “Convergence and Differentiation in Institutional Change among European Public Research Systems: The Decreasing Role of Public Research Institutes.” Science and Public Policy 27 (6): 421–31. doi: 10.3152/147154300781781751
   Google Scholar
• Schmoch, U., and T. Schubert. 2008. “Are International Co-publications an Indicator for Quality of Scientific Research?” Scientometrics 74 (3): 361–77. doi: 10.1007/s11192-007-1818-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C. 2009a. “Building World-Class Research University: The Brain Korea 21 Project.” Higher Education 58 (5): 669–88. doi: 10.1007/s10734-009-9219-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C. 2009b. “Classifying Higher Education Institutions in Korea: A Performance-based Approach.” Higher Education 57: 247–66. doi: 10.1007/s10734-008-9150-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C. 2012. “Higher Education Development in Korea: Western University Ideas, Confucian Tradition, and Economic Development.” Higher Education 64 (1): 59–72. doi: 10.1007/s10734-011-9480-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C., and W. K. Cummings. 2010. “Multi-Level Analysis of Academic Publishing Across Discipline: Research Performance, Collaboration, and Time on Research.” Scientometrics 85 (2): 582–94. doi: 10.1007/s11192-010-0236-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C., J. Jung, and S. J. Lee. 2016. “Doctoral Training and Inbreeding of Korean Academics: Focusing on Perception, Activity, and Performance.” In Personal Characteristics, Career Trajectories, Sense of Identity/Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Academics, edited by J. F. Galaz-Fontes, A. Arimoto, U. Teichler, and J. Brennan, 187–206. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C., J. Jung, G. A. Postiglione, and Z. Azman. 2014. “Research Productivity of Returnees from Study Abroad in Korea, Hong Kong, and Malaysia.” Minerva 52 (4): 467–87. doi: 10.1007/s11024-014-9259-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C., and S. J. Lee. 2015. “Evolution of Research Universities as a National Research System in Korea: Accomplishments and Challenges.” Higher Education 70 (2): 187–202. doi: 10.1007/s10734-014-9847-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C., S. J. Lee, and Y. Kim. 2013. “Research Collaboration across Higher Education Systems: Maturity of Higher Education Systems, Language Use, and Regional Differences.” Studies in Higher Education 38 (3): 425–40. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2013.774585
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, J. C., R. K. Toutkoushian, and U. Teichler. 2011. University Rankings. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Smeby, J. C., and S. Try. 2005. “Departmental Contexts and Faculty Research Activity in Norway.” Research in Higher Education 46 (6): 593–619. doi: 10.1007/s11162-004-4136-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tien, F. F., and R. T. Blackburn. 1996. “Faculty Rank System, Research Motivation, and Faculty Research Productivity: Measure Refinement and Theory Testing.” The Journal of Higher Education 67 (1): 2–22. doi: 10.2307/2943901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usher, R. 2002. “A Diversity of Doctorate: Fitness for the Knowledge Economy?” Higher Education Research & Development 21 (2): 143–53. doi: 10.1080/07294360220144060
   Google Scholar
• Yang, C. H., and J. Heo. 2014. “Network Analysis to Evaluate Cross-disciplinary Research Collaborations: The Human Sensing Research Center, Korea.” Science and Public Policy 41 (6): 734–49. doi: 10.1093/scipol/scu007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zubieta, A. F. 2009. “Recognition and Weak Ties: Is There a Positive Effect of Postdoctoral Position on Academic Performance and Career Development?” Research Evaluation 18 (2): 105–15. doi: 10.3152/095820209X443446
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar