Explaining ethnic disparities in bachelor’s degree participation: evidence from NZ

References

• Black, S. E., J. Lincove, J. Cullinane, and R. Veron. 2015. “Can You Leave High School Behind?” Economics of Education Review 46: 52–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, S. E., and A. Sufi. 2002. Who Goes to College? Differential Enrollment by Race and Family Background. NBER Working Paper Series, no. 9310. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Blinder, A. S. 1973. “Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates.” The Journal of Human Resources 8 (4): 436–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broecke, S., and T. Nicholls. 2008. “Ethnicity and Degree Attainment.” Research Report No RW92, Department for Education and Skills, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Cameron, S. V., and J. J. Heckman. 2001. “The Dynamics of Educational Attainment for Black, Hispanic, and White Males.” Journal of Political Economy 109 (3): 455–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdry, H., C. Crawford, L. Dearden, A. Goodman, and A. Vignoles. 2013. “Widening Participation in Higher Education: Analysis Using Linked Administrative Data.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 176 (2): 431–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciao, Z., and T. Maloney. 2017. Decomposing Ethnic Differences in University Academic Achievement in New Zealand. AUT Working Paper. Auckland: Auckland University of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Clotfelter, C. T., H. F. Ladd, and J. L. Vigdor. 2015. Public Universities, Equal Opportunity, and the Legacy of Jim Crow: Evidence From North Carolina. NBER Working Paper Series, no. 21577. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Conway, P. 2016. Achieving New Zealand’s Productivity Potential. NZPC Research Paper, no. 2016/1. Wellington: New Zealand Productivity Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, C. 2014. Socio-economic Differences in University Outcomes in the UK: Drop-Out, Degree Completion and Degree Class. IFS Working Paper, no. 14/31. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, R. 2016. History of Tertiary Education Reforms in New Zealand. NZPC Research Note, no. 2016/1. Wellington: New Zealand Productivity Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, C., and E. Greaves. 2015. Socio-economic, Ethnic and Gender Differences in HE Participation. Research Paper, no. 186. London: Department for Business Innovation and Skills.
   Google Scholar
• Datcher, L. 1982. “Effects of Community and Family Background on Achievement.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 64 (1): 32–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Earle, D. 2007. Te Whai i Ngā Taumata Atakura: Supporting Māori Achievement in Bachelors Degrees. Wellington: Ministry of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Earle, D. 2008. Hei titiro anō i te whāinga Māori Achievement in Bachelors Degrees Revisited. Wellington: Ministry of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Engler, R. 2010. School Leavers’ Progression to Bachelors-level Study. Wellington: Ministry of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Fairlie, R. W. 1999. “The Absence of the African-American Owned Business: An Analysis of the Dynamics of Self-employment.” Journal of Labor Economics 17 (1): 80–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairlie, R. W. 2005. “An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique to Logit and Probit Models.” Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 30 (4): 305–16.
   Google Scholar
• Fairlie, R. W. 2016. Addressing Path Dependence and Incorporating Sample Weights in the Nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique for Logit, Probit and Other Nonlinear Models. Santa Cruz, CA: Department of Economics, Univeristy of California.
   Google Scholar
• Fergusson, D. M., and L. J. Woodward. 2000. “Family Socioeconomic Status at Birth and Rates of University Participation.” New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 35 (1): 25–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finnie, R., A. Wismer, and R. E. Mueller. 2015. “Access and Barriers to Postsecondary Education: Evidence from the Youth in Transition Survey.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45 (2): 229–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, J., and M. Tienda. 2010. “Race and Ethnic Differences in College Achievement: Does High School Attended Matter?” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 627 (1): 144–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortin, N. M. 2006. Greed, Altruism, and the Gender Wage Gap. Vancouver: Department of Economics, University of British Columbia.
   Google Scholar
• Gang, I. N., and K. F. Zimmermann. 2000. “Is Child Like Parent? Educational Attainment and Ethnic Origin.” The Journal of Human Resources 35 (3): 550–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons, S., and A. Vignoles. 2012. “Geography, Choice and Participation in Higher Education in England.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 42 (1): 98–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillborn, D. 2010. “The Colour of Numbers: Surveys, Statistics and Deficit-thinking About Race and Class.” Journal of Education Policy 25 (2): 253–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haveman, R., and B. Wolfe. 1995. “The Determinants of Children’s Attainment: A Review of Methods and Findings.” Journal of Economic Literature 33 (4): 1829–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, M. S., and G. J. Duncan. 1987. “Parental Family Income and the Socioeconomic Attainment of Children.” Social Science Research 16: 39–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jann, B. 2008. “The Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition for Linear Regression Models.” The Stata Journal 8 (4): 453–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juhong, B., and T. Maloney. 2006. “Ethnicity and Academic Success at University.” New Zealand Economic Papers 40 (2): 181–213.
   Google Scholar
• Kane, T. J. 1994. “College Entry by Blacks Since 1970: The Role of College Costs, Family Background, and the Returns to Education.” Journal of Political Economy 102 (5): 878–911.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W. 2007. “Family Background, Financial Constraints and Higher Education Attendance in China.” Economics of Education Review 26 (6): 724–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maani, S. 2006. “Parental Income and the Choice of Participation in University, Polytechnic or Employment at Age 18: A Longitudinal Study.” Research on Economic Inequality 13: 217–48.
   Google Scholar
• Marginson, S. 2016. “The Worldwide Trend to High Participation Higher Education: Dynamics of Social Stratification in Inclusive Systems.” Higher Education 72 (4): 413–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, G. N. 2008. “Are Father’s or Mother’s Socioeconomic Characteristics More Important Influences on Student Performance? Recent International Evidence.” Social Indicators Research 85 (2): 293–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education. 2014. Tertiary Education Strategy 2014–2019. Wellington: Ministry of Education and Ministry of Business, Employment and Innovation.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education. 2016. Participation Rates. [Data file]. Wellington: Education counts.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Social Development. 2008. Children and Young People: Indicators of Wellbeing in New Zealand 2008. Wellington: MSD.
   Google Scholar
• Oaxaca, R. 1973. “Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets.” International Economic Review 14 (3): 693–709.
   Google Scholar
• Reardon, S. F., R. Baker, and D. Klasik. 2012. Race, Income, and Enrollment Patterns in Highly Selective Colleges, 1982–2004. Working Paper No. 526. Stanford, CA: Center for Education Policy Analysis.
   Google Scholar
• Rothstein, J. 2009. SAT Scores, High Schools, and Collegiate Performance Predictions. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education, Montreal, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Salmond, C., P. Crampton, and A. Atkinson. 2007. NZDep2006 Index of Deprivation. Dunedin: University of Otago.
   Google Scholar
• Shulruf, B., J. Hattie, and S. Tumen. 2008. “Individual and School Factors Affecting Students’ Participation and Success in Higher Education.” Higher Education 56 (5): 613–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strathdee, R., and R. Engler. 2012. “Who Is Missing from Higher Education in New Zealand?” British Educational Research Journal 38 (3): 497–514.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vignoles, A., and N. Powdthavee. 2009. “The Socioeconomic Gap in University Dropouts.” The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 9 (1): 1–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yorke, M. 1998. “Undergraduate Non-completion in England: Some Implications for the Higher Education System and Its Institutions.” Tertiary Education and Management 4 (1): 59–70.
   Google Scholar