933
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Iranian PhD students’ experiences of their learning environment and scholarly condition: a grounded theory study

ORCID Icon &

References

  • Ahern, K., and C. Manathunga. 2004. “Clutch-starting Stalled Research Students.” Innovative Higher Education 28 (4): 237–54. doi:10.1023/B:IHIE.0000018908.36113.a5.
  • Anderson, M., and J. P. Swazey. 1998. “Reflections on the Graduate Student Experience: An Overview.” New Directions for Higher Education 101: 3–13. doi:10.1002/he.10101.
  • Annells, M. 1997. “Grounded Theory Method, Part II: Options for Users of the Method.” Nursing Inquiry 4: 176–80. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1800.1997.tb00096.x.
  • Appel, M. L., and L. G. Dahlgren. 2003. “Swedish Doctoral Students’ Experiences on their Journey Towards a PhD: Obstacles and Opportunities Inside and Outside the Academic Building.” Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 47 (1): 89–110. doi.10.1080/00313830308608.
  • Audin, K., J. Davy, and M. Barkham. 2003. “University Quality of Life and Learning (UNIQoLL): An Approach to Student Wellbeing, Satisfaction and Institutional Change.” Journal of Further Higher Education 27 (4): 365–82. doi:10.1080/0309877032000128073.
  • Austin, A. E. 2002. “Preparing the Next Generation of Faculty.” Journal of Higher Education 73 (1): 94–122. doi:10.1353/jhe.2002.0001.
  • Bakhshialiabad, H., M. Bakhshi, and G. Hassanshahi. 2015. “Students’ Perceptions of the Academic Learning Environment in Seven Medical Sciences Courses Based on DREEM.” Advances in Medical Education and Practice 6: 195–203. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S60570
  • Barnes, B. J. 2010. “The Nature of Exemplary Doctoral Advisors’ Expectations and the Ways They May Influence Doctoral Persistence.” Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice 11(3): 323–43. doi:10.2190/CS.11.3.b.
  • Beck, C. T. 1993. “Qualitative Research: The Evaluation of its Credibility, Fittingness, and Auditability.” Western Journal of Nursing Research 15: 263–6. doi:10.1177/019394599301500212.
  • Biggs, J. 2014. “Constructive Alignment in University Teaching.” HERDSA Review of Higher Education 1: 5–22. http://www.herdsa.org.au/system/files/HERDSARHE2014v01p05.pdf.
  • Bitzer, E. M. 2007. “Supervising Higher Degrees as a Scholarly Practice.” South African Journal of Higher Education 21: 1010–9.
  • Bourdieu, P. 1984. Homo Academicus. Translated by Peter Collier. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Brodin, E. M. 2016. “Critical and Creative Thinking Nexus: Learning Experiences of Doctoral Students.” Studies in Higher Education 41 (6): 971–89.
  • Brodin, E. M. 2018. “The Stifling Silence Around Scholarly Creativity in Doctoral Education: Experiences of Students and Supervisors in Four Disciplines.” Higher Education 75 (4): 655–73.
  • Bryant, A., and K. Charmaz. 2007. The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory. Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Charmaz, K. 2006. Constructing Grounded Theory. London: Sage.
  • Cotterall, S. 2015. “The Rich get Richer: International Doctoral Candidates and Scholarly Identity.” Innovations in Education and Teaching International 52 (4): 360–70. doi:10.1080/14703297.2013.839124.
  • Deci, E. L., and R. M. Ryan. 2002. “An Overview of Self-determination Theory: An Organismic-dialectical Perspective.” In Handbook of Self-determination Research, edited by E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, 3–33. Rochester: The University of Rochester Press.
  • Deci, E. L., and R. M. Ryan. 2008. “Facilitating Optimal Motivation and Psychological Well-being Across Life’s Domains.” Canadian Psychology 49 (1): 14–23. doi:10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14.
  • Deem, R., and K. J. Brehony. 2000. “Doctoral Students Access to Research Cultures – Are Some More Unequal Than Others?” Studies in Higher Education 25 (2): 149–65. doi:10.1080/713696138.
  • Eccles, J. S. 2008. “Agency and Structure in Human Development.” Research in Human Development 5 (4): 231–43. doi:10.1080/15427600802493973.
  • Flick, U. 2009. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gardner, S. 2007. “‘I Heard It Through the Grapevine’: Doctoral Student Socialisation in Chemistry and History.” Higher Education 54 (5): 723–40. doi:10.1007/s10734-006-9020-x.
  • Gardner, S. K., and B. J. Barnes. 2007. “Graduate Student Involvement: Socialization for the Professional Role.” Journal of College Student Development 48 (4): 369–87. doi:10.1353/csd.2007.0036.
  • Glaser, B. G. 1978. Theoretical Sensitivity: Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
  • Glaser, B. G., and A. Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine.
  • Golde, C. M. 2005. “The Role of the Department and Discipline in Doctoral Student Attrition: Lessons from Four Departments.” The Journal of Higher Education 76 (6): 669–700. doi:10.1080/00221546.2005.11772304.
  • Hawkins, J. N., and D. Neubauer. 2011. “Access, Equity, and Capacity: Initiating Some Distinctions.” In Access, Equity, and Capacity in Asia-Pacific Higher Education, edited by D. Neubauer, and Y. Tanaka, 5–13. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Henkel, M., S. Hanney, M. Kogan, J. Vaux, and D. von Walden Laing. 2000. Academic Responses to the UK Foresight Programme. London, UK: Centre for the Evaluation of Public Policy and Practice, Brunel University.
  • Higgins S., E. Hall, K. Wall, P. Woolner, and C. McCaughey. 2005. The Impact of School Environments: A Literature Review. The Centre for Learning and Teaching, School of Education, Communication and Language Science, University of Newcastle. Accessed April 11, 2018. http://www.ncl.ac.uk/cflat/news/DCReport.pdf.
  • IRPHE. 2015. Statistics of Students. Tehran: Ministry of Sciences, Research & Technology, Institute for Research & Planning in Higher Education, [in Persian]. Accessed April 10, 2018. http://irphe.ac.ir/files/site1/pages/Stat_1394_95/EnrolmentTable/5-2.pdf.
  • Jairam, D., and D. H. Kahl. 2012. “Navigating the Doctoral Experience: The Role of Social Support in Successful Degree Completion.” International Journal of Doctoral Studies 7: 311–29. http://ijds.org/Volume7/IJDSv7p311-329Jairam0369.pdf.
  • Klemenčič, M., and I. Chirikov. 2015. ““How Do We Know How Students Experience Higher Education? On the Use of Student Surveys.” In The European Higher Education Area, edited by A. Curaj, L. Matei, R. Pricopie, J. Salmi, and P. Scott, 361–379. Cham: Springer.
  • Lonka, K., P. Sharafi, K. Karlgren, I. Masiello, J. Nieminen, G. Birgegård, and A. Josephson. 2008. “MED NORD – A Tool for Measuring Medical Students’ Well-being and Study Orientations.” Medical Teacher 30 (1): 72–9. doi:10.1080/01421590701769555.
  • McAlpine, L. 2012. “Identity-trajectories: ‘Doctoral Journeys from Past to Present to Future’.” Australian Universities’ Review 54 (1): 38–46. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ968518.pdf.
  • McAlpine, L., and C. Amundsen. 2007. “Academic Communities and Developing Identity: The Doctoral Student Journey.” In Global Issues in Higher Education, edited by P. Richards, 57–83. New York: Nova Publishing.
  • McAlpine, L., and C. Amundsen. 2009. “Identity and Agency: Pleasures and Collegiality among the Challenges of the Doctoral Journey.” Studies in Continuing Education 31 (2): 109–25. doi:10.1080/01580370902927378.
  • McAlpine, L., M. Jazvac-Martek, and N. Hopwood. 2009. “Doctoral Student Experience in Education: Activities and Difficulties Influencing Identity Development.” International Journal for Researcher Development 1 (1): 97–109. doi:10.1108/1759751X201100007.
  • McAlpine, L., and J. Norton. 2006. “Reframing our Approach to Doctoral Programs: An Integrative Framework for Action and Research.” Higher Education Research & Development 25 (1): 3–17. doi:10.1080/07294360500453012.
  • McCulloch, A. 2013. “The Quest for the PhD: A Better Metaphor for Doctoral Education.” International Journal for Researcher Development 4 (1): 55–66. doi:10.1108/IJRD-05-2013-0008.
  • Miles, M., and A. M. Huberman. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Mohamedbhai, G. 2014. “Massification in Higher Education Institutions in Africa: Causes, Consequences, and Responses.” International Journal of African Higher Education 1 (1): 59–83. doi:10.6017/ijahe.v1i1.5644.
  • Nuffic. 2015. The Iranian Education System Described and Compared with the Dutch System. 3th ed. Accessed June 15, 2017. https://www.nuffic.nl/en/publications/find-a-publication/education-system-iran.pdf.
  • O’Meara, K., C. Campbell, and A. Terosky. 2011. “Living Agency in the Academy: A Conceptual Framework for Research and Action.” Paper Presented at the Annual Conference of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Charlotte, NC.
  • Peyton, L. A. 2001. “Mentoring in Gerontology Education: New Graduate Student Perspectives.” Educational Gerontology 27: 347–60. doi:10.1080/03601270152053384.
  • Pyhalto, K., and J. Keskinen. 2012. “Doctoral Students’ Sense of Relational Agency in their Scholarly Communities.” International Journal of Higher Education 1 (2): 136–49. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v1n2p136.
  • Pyhältö, K., J. Stubb, and K. Lonka. 2009. “Developing Scholarly Communities as Learning Environments for Doctoral Students.” International Journal for Academic Development 14 (3): 221–32. doi:10.1080/13601440903106551.
  • Pyhältö, K., A. Toom, J. Stubb, and K. Lonka. 2012. “Challenges of Becoming a Scholar: A Study of Experienced Problems and Well-being of Doctoral Students.” ISRN Education. Accessed April 21, 2018. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/934941/.
  • Rafipour, F. 2003. Barriers of Scientific Development in Iran and its Solutions. Tehran: Sahamie Enteshr. (In Persian).
  • Rasian, Z. 2009. “Higher Education Governance in Developing Countries, Challenges, and Recommendations: Iran as a Case Study.” Nonpartisan Education Review/Essays 5 (3): 1–18.
  • Reid, J., J. Barker, and K. Murphy. 1995. “Quality and Equity in Australian Universities: Contradictions and Challenges.” Higher Education Research & Development 14 (2): 233–43. doi:10.1080/0729436950140206.
  • Saunders, C. 2009. “Developing Researchers in the Arts and Humanities: Lessons from a Pilot Programme to Develop Discipline-specific Research Skills.” International Journal for Researcher Development 1 (1): 45–69. doi:10.1108/1759751X201100004.
  • Spaulding, L. S., and A. J. Rockinson-Szapkiw. 2012. “Hearing their Voices: Factors Doctoral Candidates Attribute to their Persistence.” International Journal of Doctoral Studies 16 (7): 199–219. doi:10.28945/1589.
  • Strauss, A. 1987. Qualitative Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Strauss, A. L., and J. M. Corbin. 1998. Basic of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Stubb, J. 2012. “Becoming a Scholar: The Dynamic Interaction between the Doctoral Student and the Scholarly Community.” PhD Dissertation. University of Helsinki, Accessed April 31, 2018. https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/32807/Becoming.pdf?sequence=1.
  • Tabrizi, Mohseni, A. M. Ghazi Tabatabaei, and S. H. Marjaei. 2010. “Effect of Issues and Challenges of Scientific Environment to Academic Socialization.” Research and Planning in Higher Education 16 (1): 45–67. http://journal.irphe.ir/article-1-758-en.html (In Persian).
  • Tobbell, O’Donnell, and M. Zammit. 2010. “Exploring Transition to Postgraduate Study: Shifting Identities in Interaction with Communities, Practice, and Participation.” British Educational Research Journal 36 (2): 261–78. doi:10.1080/01411920902836360.
  • Välimaa, J. 1995. Higher Education Cultural Approach. Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research 113. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä.
  • Vekkaila, J., K. Pyhältö, and K. Lonka. 2013. “Experiences of Disengagement – A Study of Doctoral Students in the Behavioral Sciences.” International Journal of Doctoral Studies 8: 61–81. doi:10.28945/1870.
  • Vermunt, J. D., and N. Verloop. 1999. “Congruence and Friction Between Learning and Teaching.” Learning and Instruction 9 (3): 257–80. doi:10.1016/S0959-4752(98)00028-0.
  • Weidman, J., and E. Stein. 2003. “Socialization of Doctoral Students to Academic Norms.” Research in Higher Education 44 (6): 641–56. doi:10.1023/A:1026123508335.
  • Wenger, E. 1998. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning and Identify. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • White, J., and J. Nonnamaker. 2008. “Belonging and Mattering: How Science Doctoral Students Experience Community.” NASPA Journal 45 (3): 350–72. doi:10.2202/1949-6605.1860.
  • Willig, C. 2008. Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology: Adventures in Theory and Method. 2th ed. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Wright, T. 2003. “Postgraduate Research Students: People in Context?” British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 31 (2): 209–27. doi:10.1080/0306988031000102379.
  • Zokaei, M. S., and M. J. Esmaili. 2011. “Youth and Academic and Educational Alienation.” Iranian Journal of Cultural Research 4 (4): 55–90. doi:10.7508/IJCR.2011.16.003. (In Persian).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.