The private higher education provider landscape in the UK

References

• Altbach, P. G. 1998. “The Anatomy of Private Higher Education.” International Higher Education 12: 9–10. doi:10.6017/ihe.1998.12.6443.
   Google Scholar
• Altbach, P. G. 1999. “The Logic of Mass Higher Education.” Tertiary Education and Management 5 (2): 107–24. doi:10.1080/13583883.1999.9966985.
   Google Scholar
• Altbach, P. G. 2005. “The Private Sector in Asian Higher Education.” Private Higher Education Fall (1): 83–88. doi:10.1163/9789087901035_018.
   Google Scholar
• Angulo, A. J. 2016. Diploma Mills. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
   Google Scholar
• Bekhradnia, B., and D. Beech. 2018. Demand for Higher Education to 2030 HEPI Report 105. Oxford: Higher Education Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, K. 2011. “Higher Education Institutions: Subject Profile.” 11/57. Edinburgh, Scotland: Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SPICe). http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/10456/1/SB11-57.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Birnbaum, Robert. 1983. Maintaining Diversity in Higher Education. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, R., and J. Waters. 2018. “Signalling the ‘Multi-Local’ University? The Place of the City in the Growth of London-based Satellite Campuses, and the Implications for Social Stratification.” Social Sciences 7 (10): 195. doi:10.3390/socsci7100195
   Google Scholar
• Buckner, E. 2017. “The Worldwide Growth of Private Higher Education: Cross-national Patterns of Higher Education Institution Foundings by Sector.” Journal: Sociology of Education 2017 (4): 296–314. doi:10.1177/0038040717739613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckner, E., and C. Gong. 2022. “Private Higher Education and Programmatic Differentiation: Examining the Institutional Positioning of Private Universities in Ontario.” Studies in Higher Education 47 (6): 1199–214. doi:10.1080/03075079.2020.1870947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckner, E., and M. Zapp. 2021. “Institutional Logics in the Global Higher Education Landscape: Differences in Organizational Characteristics by Sector and Founding Era.” Minerva 59: 27–51. doi:10.1007/s11024-020-09416-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cellini, S. R., and L. Chaudhary. 2014. “The Labor Market Returns to a For-Profit College Education.” Economics of Education Review 43 (December): 125–40. doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2014.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cellini, S. R., and N. Turner. 2016. Gainfully Employed? Assessing the Employment and Earnings of For-Profit College Students Using Administrative Data (Working Paper No. 22287). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w22287
   Google Scholar
• Connell, K. W. 2016. Degrees of Deception: America’s For-Profit Higher Education Fraud. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• DBIS. 2016a. “Success as a Knowledge Economy: Teaching Excellence, Social Mobility and Student Choice.” https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/higher-education-success-as-a-knowledge-economy-white-paper.
   Google Scholar
• DBIS. 2016b. Understanding the Market of Alternative Higher Education Providers and Their Students in 2014. London: BIS.
   Google Scholar
• DBIS. 2016c. “Impact Assessment: Higher Education and Research Bill.” BIS/16/264. London: BIS. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/524517/bis-16-264-he-research-bill-impact-assessment.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• DfE. 2020. “Private Correspondence”.
   Google Scholar
• DiMaggio, P. J., and W. W. Powell. 1983. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48 (2): 147–60. doi:10.2307/2095101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fain, P. 2012. “Harkin Releases Critical Report on for-Profits.” Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/07/30/harkin-releases-critical-report-profits.
   Google Scholar
• Fielden, J. 2010. “The Growth of Private and For-Profit Higher Education Providers in the UK.” http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/26268/1/PrivateProviders.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Friedland, R., and R. Alford. 1991. “Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices, and Institutional Contradictions.” In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, 232–66. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fumasoli, T., G. Barbato, and M. Turri. 2020. “The Determinants of University Strategic Positioning: A Reappraisal of the Organisation.” Higher Education 80: 305–334. doi:10.1007/s10734-019-00481-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fumasoli, T., and J. Huisman. 2013. “Strategic Agency and System Diversity: Conceptualizing Institutional Positioning in Higher Education.” Minerva 51 (2): 155–69. doi:10.1007/s11024-013-9225-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumport, P. J. 2002. “Universities and Knowledge: Restructuring the City of Intellect.” In The Future of the City of Intellect: The Changing American University, edited by Steven G. Brint, 47–81. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hefce. 2017a. “Alternative Providers.” 2017. http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/register/search/home/downloadapcsv.
   Google Scholar
• Hefce. 2017b. “What Is Course Designation? – Higher Education Funding Council for England.” 07 2017. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20180319120007/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/desig/.
   Google Scholar
• HEPI. 2015. “Alternative Providers … or Challenger Institutions?” https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2015/07/10/alternative-providers-challenger-institutions/.
   Google Scholar
• HESA. 2018. “UK, 2016/17 – Student Numbers and Characteristics.” https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/11-01-2018/sfr247-higher-education-student-statistics/numbers.
   Google Scholar
• HESA. 2022. “Who’s Studying in HE?” https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/whos-in-he#numbers.
   Google Scholar
• H.M. Government. 2017. “Higher Education and Research Act 2017.” 2017. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/29/contents/enacted/data.htm.
   Google Scholar
• H.M. Government. 2022. “Levelling Up.” https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1052706/Levelling_Up_WP_HRES.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, T., A. Porter, S. Jones, and J. Sheen. 2013. Privately Funded Providers of Higher Education in the UK. BIS Research Paper No 111. London: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/207128/bis-13-900-privately-funded-providers-of-higher-education-in-the-UK.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt Stephen, A, and Vikki Boliver. 2020. “The New Private Sector in England: Can Subsidized Colleges Break into the Mainstream?.” In Changing Higher Education for a Changing World, edited by C Callender, W Locke, and S Marginson, 205–222. London: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt Stephen, A, and Vikki Boliver. 2021 . “Private providers and market exit in UK higher education .” Higher Education 81 (3): 385–401. doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00546-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinser, K., and S. T. Zipf. 2019. “Assessing a Moving Target: Research on For-Profit Higher Education in the United States.” In Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, edited by M.B. Paulsen and L.W. Perna, 325–72. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Leighton, P. 2015. “The LLB as a Liberal Degree? A Re-Assessment from an Historical Perspective.” International Journal of the Legal Profession 22 (1): 87–102. doi:10.1080/09695958.2015.1119027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, D. C. 2009. “For-Profit Versus Nonprofit Private Higher Education.” International Higher Education 0 (54): 12–13. doi:10.6017/ihe.2009.54.8414.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, D. C. 2011. “Public Policy for Private Higher Education: A Global Analysis.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 13 (4): 383–96. doi:10.1080/13876988.2011.583107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middlehurst, R. 2016. “Privately Funded Higher Education Providers in the UK: The Changing Dynamic of the Higher Education Sector.” In A Global Perspective on Private Higher Education, edited by Mahsood Shah and Chenicheri Sid Nair, 81–95. Cambridge: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-100872-0.00005-7.
   Google Scholar
• Morey, A. I. 2004. “Globalization and the Emergence of For-Profit Higher Education.” Higher Education 48 (1): 131–50. doi:10.1023/B:HIGH.0000033768.76084.a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morphew, C. C. 2009. “Conceptualizing Change in the Institutional Diversity of U.S. Colleges and Universities.” The Journal of Higher Education 80 (3): 243–69. doi:10.1080/00221546.2009.11779012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundel, D. S. 1974. “Research. Student Choice and College Going.” Change 6 (6): 50–51. doi:10.1080/00091383.1974.10568718
   Google Scholar
• NAO. 2017. Follow-Up on Alternative Higher Education Providers. HC 411. London: National Audit Office.
   Google Scholar
• Neave, Guy. 1979. “Academic Drift: Some Views from Europe.” Studies in Higher Education 4 (2): 143–59. doi:10.1080/03075077912331376927.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OfS. 2018. “The Regulatory Framework for Higher Education in England.” https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/regulation/the-regulatory-framework-for-higher-education-in-england/.
   Google Scholar
• PAC. 2015. Financial Support for Students at Alternative Higher Education Providers. News from Parliament 41. London: House of Commons. https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/public-accounts-committee/news/report-financial-support-for-students-at-alternative-higher-education-providers/.
   Google Scholar
• Palfreyman, David., and Ted Tapper. 2016. “The Marketization of English Higher Education and the Financing of Tuition Fees.” London Review of Education 14 (4): 47–55. doi:10.18546/LRE.14.1.06.
   Google Scholar
• QAA. 2016. Degree Awarding Powers and University Title in Scotland: Guidance and Criteria for Applicants.’ QAA1637. Gloucester: QAA.
   Google Scholar
• QAA. 2017a. Degree Awarding Powers in Wales: Handbook for Applicants. QAA1636. Gloucester: QAA. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/guidance/degree-awarding-powers-handbook-wales-17.pdf?sfvrsn=3d46f781_4.
   Google Scholar
• QAA. 2018. The Right to Award UK Degrees. Gloucester: QAA. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/guidance/the-right-to-award-degrees-18.pdf?sfvrsn=4a2f781_14.
   Google Scholar
• QAA. 2019. Our work, October 10. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/en/about-us/what-we-do/our-work.
   Google Scholar
• QAA. 2014. UK Quality Code for Higher Education. Part A: Setting and Maintaining Academic Standards. The Frameworks for UK Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies. Gloucester: QAA.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, R. W. 2010. Higher Education in America: An Institutional Field Approach. Working Paper. Stanford: School of Education, Stanford University. https://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/ScottWRichard.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, R. W., M. Ruef, J. Peter, P. J. Mendel, and C. A. Caronna. 2000. Institutional Change and Healthcare Organizations: From Professional Dominance to Managed Care. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• SCQF. 2021. “Introducing the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework.” SCQF. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiB3p616cv6AhU6QkEAHUMCDOgQFnoECBwQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fscqf.org.uk%2Fmedia%2Fowyje3aw%2Fscqf-generic-leaflet-final-web-may-2021.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0LG1qUE1L44kJWy5DcV2SC.
   Google Scholar
• Shah, Mahsood S., and L. Lewis. 2010. “Private higher education in Australia: growth, quality and standards.” Journal of Institutional Research (South East Asia) 8 (2): 80–95.
   Google Scholar
• Shattock, Michael. 1994. The UGC and the Management of British Universities. 2nd ed. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stockwell, R. 2016. “New Providers.” In Response to the Higher Education Green Paper, edited by Nick Hillman, 59–69. Hepi Report 81. London: Higher Education Policy Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira, P., and A. Amaral. 2001. “Private Higher Education and Diversity: An Exploratory Survey.” Higher Education Quarterly 55 (4): 359–95. doi:10.1111/1468-2273.00194.
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira, P., and A. Amaral. 2018. “Private and For-Profit Higher Education in Europe: Current Patterns and Regulatory Challenges.” In Research Handbook on Quality, Performance and Accountability in Higher Education, edited by Ellen Hazelkorn, Hamish Coates, and Alexander C. McCormick, 94–107. London: Bloomsbury. https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781785369742/9781785369742.00016.xml
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira, P., R. Biscaia, V. Rocha, and M. F. Cardoso. 2018. “What Role for Private Higher Education in Europe?.” In Reflecting About Current Patterns and Future Prospects. A Global Perspective on Private Higher Education, edited by Mahsood Shah and Chenicheri Sid Nair, 13–28. Cambridge: Chandos.
   Google Scholar
• Triventi, M., and P. Trivellato. 2012. “Does Graduating from a Private University Make a Difference? Evidence from Italy.” European Journal of Education 47 (2): 260–76. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2012.01522.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varghese, N. V. 2004. Private Higher Education in Africa. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Willetts, D. 2017. A University Education. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, G. L., and M. Woodhall. 1979. Independent Further Education. Vol. 45. 581. London: Policy Studies Institute.
   Google Scholar