309
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Sub-Saharan Africa’s higher education: investment decisions on human capital in the presence of youth unemployment

Pages 351-367 | Received 22 Dec 2022, Accepted 04 Jul 2023, Published online: 14 Jul 2023

References

  • Abdul-Rahaman, N., Z. Rongting, M. Wan, I. Iddrisu, A. Basit, A. Rahaman, and L. Amadu. 2020. “The Impact of Government Funding on Senior High Enrolment in Ghana.” South African Journal of Education 40 (4): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n4a1648.
  • Altenburg, T., S. Bilal, G. Maci, and W. Velde. 2018. “A Rapier not a Blunderbuss: Why the EU Must do Better in Supporting African Job Creation”. European Think Tanks Group.
  • Amin, A. A., and A. Ntembe. 2021. “Sub-Sahara Africa’s Higher Education: Financing, Growth, and Employment.” International Journal of Higher Education 10 (1): 14–23. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n1p14.
  • Anyanwu, J., and A. E. O. Erhijakpor. 2007. “Education Expenditures and School Enrolment in Africa: Illustrations from Nigeria and Other SANE Countries”. Economic Research Working (N°92), African Development Bank.
  • Arellano, M. and O. Bover. 1995. “Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Component Models.”. Journal of Econometrics 68 (1): 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D
  • Arouri, M., A. B. Youssef, C. Nguyen-Viet, and A. Soucat. 2014. “Effects of Urbanization on Economic Growth and Human Capital Formation in Africa.” Working Paper No. 119, Program on the Global Demography of Aging.
  • Assaad, R. 2013. “Equality for All? Egypt’s Free Public Higher Education Policy Breeds Inequality of Opportunity.” In Is There Equality of Opportunity Under Free Higher Education in Egypt?, edited by A. Elbadawy. New York: Population Council.
  • Baah-Boateng, W. 2016. “The Youth Unemployment Challenge in Africa: What are the Drivers?.” The Economic and Labor Relations Review 27 (4): 413–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1035304616645030.
  • Baltagi, B. 2008. Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Bean, J. P. 1980. “Dropouts and Turnover: The Synthesis and Test of a Causal Model of Student Attrition.” Research in Higher Education 12 (2): 155–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00976194.
  • Bean, J. P., and S. B. Eaton. 2001. “The Psychology Underlying Successful Retention Practices.” Journal of College Student Retention 3 (1): 73–89. https://doi.org/10.2190/6R55-4B30-28XG-L8U0.
  • Becker, G. A. 1964. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education. New York: Columbia University Press for the NBER.
  • Beegle, K., and L. Christiaensen. 2019. Accelerating Poverty Reduction in Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Behr, A., M. Giese, H. D. Teguim Kamdjou, and K. Theune. 2020. “Dropping Out of University: A Literature Review.” Review of Education 8 (2): 614–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3202.
  • Belzil, C., and M. Leonardi. 2007. “Can Risk Aversion Explain Schooling Attainments? Evidence from Italy.” Labour Economics 14 (6): 957–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2007.06.005.
  • Bond, S. R. 2002. “Dynamic Panel Data Models: A Guide to Micro Data Methods and Practice.” Portuguese Economic Journal 1 (2): 141–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-002-0009-9.
  • Bourdieu, P. 1973. Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction, 178. London: Tavistock.
  • Branson, N., C. Hofmeyr, and D. Lam. 2015. The Impact of the No-fee School Policy on Enrolment and School Performance: Evidence from NIDS Waves 1–3.
  • Breier, M. 2010. “From “Financial Considerations” to “Poverty”: Towards a Reconceptualization of the Role of Finances in Higher Education Student Drop out.” Higher Education 60 (6): 657–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9343-5.
  • Bridges, S., L. Fox, A. Gaggero, and T. Owens. 2016. “Youth Unemployment and Earnings in Africa: Evidence from Tanzanian Retrospective Data.” Journal of African Economies. 26(2): 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejw020.
  • Carsamer, E., and E. Ekyem. 2015. “An Empirical Analysis of Government Education Expenditure on Enrolments at Primary and Secondary School Levels in Africa.” International Journal of Economics Commerce and Management, 3 (7): 273–94.
  • Chakravarty, S., S. Das, and J. Vaillant. 2017. “Gender and Youth Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa A Review of Constraints and Effective Interventions.” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper (8245).
  • Chen, R. 2008. “Financial Aid and Student Dropout in Higher Education: A Heterogeneous Research Approach.” In Handbook of Theory and Research Higher Education, 209–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6959-8_7.
  • Choi, H. J., and B. U. Kim. 2018. “Factors Affecting Adult Student Dropout Rates in the Korean Cyber-University Degree Programs.” Journal of Continuing Higher Education 66 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.2017.1400357.
  • Contini, D., F. Cugnata, and A. Scagni. 2018. “Social Selection in Higher Education. Enrolment, Dropout and Timely Degree Attainment in Italy.” Higher Education 75 (5): 785–808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0170-9.
  • Court, D. 1999. Financing Higher Education in Africa: Makerere, the Quiet Revolution. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Fernandez, R. M., and E. Shioji. 2001. “Human Capital Investment In The Presence Of Unemployment: Application to University Enrolment in Spain.” Economics Series Working Papers 9966. University of Oxford.
  • Flere, S., M. Tavcar Krajnc., R. Klanjsek., B. Musil., and A. Kirbis. 2010. “Cultural Capital and Intellectual Ability as Predictors of Scholastic Achievement: A Study of Slovenian Secondary School Students.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 31 (1): 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425690903385428.
  • Fox, L., and D. Gandhi. 2021. “Youth Employment in sub-Saharan Africa Progress and Prospects.” Africa Growth Initiative Working Paper #28.
  • Funmilayo, S. B. 2014. “Determinants of Enrolment in Nigerian Universities.” Economics 2 (4): 238–51.
  • Gangwar, M., and R. Bassett. 2021. “Focuses on the Impacts, Challenges, and Opportunities of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tertiary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa.” World Bank’s Global Note. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/621991586463915490/WB-Tertiary-Ed-and-Covid-19-Crisis-for-public-use-April-9.pdf.
  • Garlick, R. 2013. “How Price Sensitive is Primary and Secondary School Enrolment? Evidence from Nationwide Tuition fee Reforms in South Africa.” Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. Unpublished Paper.
  • Ghignoni, E. 2017. “Family Background and University Dropouts During the Crisis: The Case of Italy.” Higher Education 73 (1): 127–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0004-1.
  • Guzmán, A., S. Barragán, and F. Cala Vitery. 2021. “Dropout in Rural Higher Education: A Systematic Review.” Frontiers in Education 6 (727833): 351–364. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.727833..
  • Haas, C., and A. Hadjar. 2020. “Students’ Trajectories Through Higher Education: A Review of Quantitative Research.” Higher Education 79 (6): 1099–1118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00458-5.
  • Hadri, K. 2000. “Testing for Stationarity in Heterogeneous Panel Data.” Econometrics Journal 3 (2): 148–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/1368-423X.00043.
  • Heid, B., J. Langer, and M. Larch. 2012. “Income and Democracy: Evidence from System GMM Estimates.” Economic Letter 116 (2):166–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.02.009.
  • Hessami, Z. 2014. “Political Corruption, Public Procurement, and Budget Composition: Theory and Evidence from OECD Countries”. European Journal of Political Economy 34:372–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.02.005.
  • Hossler, D., M. Ziskin, J. P. K. Gross, S. Kim, and O. Cekic. 2009. Student Aid and Its Role in Encouraging Persistence, 49. Books and Book Chapters by University of Dayton Faculty.
  • International Labor Organization. 2020. Global Employment Trends for Youth 2020: Technology and the future of jobs. Geneva, Switzerland: ILO.
  • Johnson, I. Y., and W. B. Muse. 2012. “Student Swirl at a Single Institution: The Role of Timing and Student Characteristics.” Research in Higher Education 53 (2): 152–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-011-9253-0.
  • Jung, H., and B.-K. Kim. 2018. “Determinant Factors of University Spin-Off: The Case of Korea.” The Journal of Technology Transfer 43: 1631–1646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9571-2.
  • Kehm, B. M., M. R. Larsen, and H. B. Sommersel. 2019. “Student Dropout from Universities in Europe: A Review of Empirical Literature.” Hungarian Educational Research Journal 9:147–64. https://doi.org/10.1556/063.9.2019.1.18.
  • Kervin, J. B. 1992. Methods for Business Research. New York: Harper Collins.
  • Kosutic, I. 2017. “The Role of Cultural Capital in Higher Education Access and Institutional Choice”. CEPS Journal 7 (1): 149–169. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.20.
  • Labra, R., and C. Torrecillas. 2018. “Estimating Dynamic Panel Data. A Practical Approach to Perform Long Panels.” Revista Colombiana de Estadística 41:31–52. https://doi.org/10.15446/rce.v41n1.61885
  • Mamiseishvili, K. 2012. “Academic and Social Integration and Persistence of International Students at U.S. Two-Year Institutions, Community College.” Journal of Research and Practice 36 (1): 15–27.
  • Martinez, M., and J. Ruiz-Castillo. 1998. “The Decisions of Spanish Youth: A Cross-Section Study.” Estudios Sobre la Economia Española. FEDEA.
  • Matsolo, J. M., W. C. Ningpuanyeh, and A. S. Susuman. 2018. “Factors Affecting the Enrolment Rate of Students in Higher Education Institutions in the Gauteng Province, South Africa.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 53 (1): 63–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616657369.
  • Melguizo, T. 2011. “A Review of the Theories Developed to Describe the Process of College Persistence and Attainment.” In Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, edited by J. Smart, and M. Paulsen, 395–424. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Mlambo, V. H., O. Ogunnubi, and D. N. Mlambo. 2020. Student Mobility, Brain Drain and the Internationalisation of Higher Education in Southern Africa.” African Journal of Development Studies 10:59–82.
  • Morgan, S. L. 2005. On the Edge of Commitment: Educational Attainment and Race in the United States. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Ngwakwe, C. C. 2014. “A Review of Causes of School Dropouts in BRICS Countries: A South African Case.” Corporate Ownership and Control 12 (1): 911–14. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c9p13.
  • Nickell, S. 1981. “Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects”. Econometrica 49 (6):1417–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/1911408.
  • Obi, Z. C., and C. O. Obi. 2014. Impact of Government Expenditure on Education: The Nigerian Experience. International Journal of Business and Finance Management Research 2:42–8.
  • Oketch, M. 2016. “Financing Higher Education in sub-Saharan Africa: Some Reflections and Implications for Sustainable Development.” Higher Education 72 (4): 525–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0044-6
  • Oketch, M., M. Mutisya, M. Ngware, A. C. Ezeh, and C. Epari. 2010. “Free Primary Education Policy and Pupil School Mobility in Urban Kenya.” International Journal of Educational Research 49 (6): 173–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2011.01.002.
  • Okpala, A., and C. Okpala. 2014. “The Role of School Life Expectancy and Urbanization on Adult Literacy Rates in Sub-Saharan Africa.” International Business & Economics Research Journal 13 (2): 329–34.
  • Oseni, I. O., S. O. Akinbode, D. A. Babalola, and S. B. Adegboyega. 2020. “Government Spending and School Enrolment in sub-Saharan Africa: A System GMM Approach.” Journal of Economics & Management, 40 (2): 91–108. https://doi.org/10.22367/jem.2020.40.05.
  • Osuji, C., R. M. Mafara, and C. Chagbe. 2016. “Private Sector Participation in Higher Education Development.” Makerere Journal of Higher Education 8 (1): 59–72. https://doi.org/10.4314/majohe.v8i1.4.
  • Paulsen, M. B. 2001. “The Economics of Human Capital and Investment in Higher Education.” In The finance of higher education: Theory, Research, Policy and Practice, edited by M. B. Paulsen, and J. C. Smart, 55–82. New York: Agathon Press.
  • Roodman, D. 2009. “How to do xtabond2: An Introduction to Difference and System GMM in Stata.” Stata Journal 9 (1): 86–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X0900900106.
  • Spady, W. 1970. “Dropouts from Higher Education: An Interdisciplinary Review and Synthesis.” Interchange, 1 (1): 64–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02214313.
  • Tinto, V. 1975. “Dropout from Higher Education: A Theoretical Synthesis of Recent Research.” Review of Educational Research, 45 (1): 89–125. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543045001089.
  • Tinto, V. 1993. Leaving College: Rethinking the Causes and Cures of Student Attrition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Venegas-Muggli, J. I. 2020. “Higher Education Dropout of Non-Traditional Mature Freshmen: The Role of Sociodemographic Characteristics.” Studies of Continuing Education 42 (3): 316–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2019.1652157.
  • Vieira, D., M. Takudzwa, and J. R. Chinchilla. 2020. Towards Universal Access to Higher Education: International Trends. UNESCO IESALC. https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/en/2020/12/23/understanding-access-to-higher-education-in-the-last-two-decades/.
  • Wilfred, A. G., and J. Mbonigaba. 2020. “Higher Education Enrolment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Determinants and Policy Implications.” International Journal of Education Economics 11 (2): 165–87.
  • Woodhall, M. 2001. Financing Higher Education. The Potential Contribution of Fees and Student Loans. Vol. 12. Boston College: International Higher Education.
  • Wooldridge, J. 2013. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. 5th Edition, South-Western. Mason. OH.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.