The residue levels of spinosad and abamectin in eggs and tissues of laying hens following spray application

References

• Cirak, V.Y., Aksit, D., Cihan, H. & Gokbulut, C. (2018). Plasma dispositions and concentrations of ivermectin in eggs following treatment of laying hens. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 66, 121–125. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1426504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dybas, R.A. (1989). Abamectin use in crop protection. In W.C. Campbell ( 1989), Ivermectin and Abamectin 1st edn (pp. 287–310). New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA. (2011). Modification of the existing MRLs for spinosad in various crops. EFSA Journal, 9, 2352.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA. (2014). Reasoned opinion on the review of the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for abamectin according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. EFSA Journal, 12, 3823.
   Google Scholar
• EUR-Lex. (2015). Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/603. Amending Annexes II, III and V to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid, acetochlor, chloropicrin, diflufenican, flurprimidol, flutolanil and spinosad in or on certain products. Official Journal of the European Union.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission Health and Food Safety Directorate. (2017). Summary Report of the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed.
   Google Scholar
• Flochlay, A., Thomas, E. & Sparagano, O. (2017). Poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation: a broad impact parasitological disease that still remains a significant challenge for the egg-laying industry in Europe. Parasites & Vectors, 10, 457. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2390-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetting, V., Lee, K.A. & Tell, L.A. (2011). Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 34, 521–556. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01287.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamscher, G., Priess, B., Hartung, J., Nogossek, M.I., Glünder, G. & Nau, H. (2003). Determination of propoxur residues in eggs by liquid chromatography–diode array detection after treatment of stocked housing facilities for the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae). Analytica Chimica Acta, 483, 19–26. doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01022-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamscher, G., Priess, B. & Nau, H. (2007). Determination of phoxim residues in eggs by using high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection after treatment of stocked housing facilities for the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae). Analytica Chimica Acta, 586, 330–335. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertlein, M.B., Thompson, G.D., Subramanyam, B. & Athanassiou, C.G. (2011). Spinosad: a new natural product for stored grain protection. Journal of Stored Products Research, 47, 131–146. doi: 10.1016/j.jspr.2011.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, L.M., Gilbert, B.N. & Lemeilleur, C.A. (1979). Distribution and depletion of radioactivity in hens treated dermally with C-14-labeled permethrin. Poultry Science, 58, 1197–1201. doi: 10.3382/ps.0581197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keukens, H.J., Kan, C.A., van Rhijn, J.A. & van Dijk, J. (2000). Ivermectin residues in eggs of laying hens and in muscle and liver of broilers after administration of feeds containing low levels of ivermectin. In L.A. van Ginkel & A. Ruiter (Eds.). Proceedings of the EuroResidue IV Conference (pp. 678–682). Veldhoven, the Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Liebisch, G., Hack, R. & Smid, G. (2011). Efficacy of spinosad against the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae), in laboratory and field trials. Zoosymposia, 6, 282–287.
   Google Scholar
• Marangi, M., Morelli, V., Pati, S., Camarda, A., Cafiero, M.A. & Giangaspero, A. (2012). Acaricide residues in laying hens naturally infested by red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. PLoS One, 7, e31795. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031795
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez, M.N. (1998). Use of pharmacokinetics in veterinary medicine – article III: physicochemical properties of pharmaceuticals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 213, 1274–1277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKellar, Q.A. & Gokbulut, C. (2012). Pharmacokinetic features of the antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 13, 888–911. doi: 10.2174/138920112800399194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno, L., Dominguez, P., Farias, C., Canton, L., Virkel, G., Mate, L., Ceballos, L., Lanusse, C. & Alvarez, L. (2015). Integrated assessment of ivermectin kinetics, metabolism and tissue residues in laying hens. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 38, 100–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutherford, B.S., Gardner, R.C., West, S.D., Robb, C.K. & Dolder, S.C. (2000). Residues of spinosad in meat, milk, and eggs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 4428–4431. doi: 10.1021/jf0004457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnitzler, B., Hayes, B., Wiseman, S. & Snyder, D.E. (2012). Confirmation of the efficacy of a combination tablet of spinosad and milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infections of canine intestinal nematode parasites. Veterinary Parasitology, 184, 279–283. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solecki, R. & Niemann, L. (2012). Insecticides of natural origin, other than pyrethrum and nicotine. In T.C. Marrs ( 2012), Mammalian Toxicology of Insecticides (1st ed., pp. 254–287). Cambridge: RSC Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Sparagano, O.A., George, D.R., Harrington, D.W. & Giangaspero, A. (2014). Significance and control of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. Annual Review of Entomology, 59, 447–466. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, G.D., Busacca, J.D., Jantz, O.K., Borth, P.W., Nolting, S.P., Winkle, J.R., Gantz, R.L., Huckaba, R.M., Nead, B.A., Peterson, L.G., Porteous, D.J. & Richardson, J.M. (1995). Field performance in cotton of spinosad: a new naturally derived insect control system. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conferences (pp 907–910). San Antonio, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Tomley, F.M. & Sparagano, O. (2018). Spotlight on avian pathology: red mite, a serious emergent problem in layer hens. Avian Pathology, 47, 533–535. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1490493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar