Emergence of the novel infectious bursal disease virus variant in vaccinated poultry flocks in Egypt

References

• Aliyu, H.B., Hair-Bejo, M., Omar, A.R. & Ideris, A. (2021). Genetic diversity of recent infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from vaccinated poultry flocks in Malaysia. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 643976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhardt, E. & Müller, H. (1987). Susceptibility of chicken blood lymphoblasts and monocytes to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Archives of Virology, 94, 297–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosgrove, A. (1962). An apparently new disease of chickens: avian nephrosis. Avian Diseases, 6, 385–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Batrawy, A. (1990). Studies on severe outbreaks of infectious bursal disease. In 2nd Scientific Conference of the Egyptian Veterinary Poultry Association (pp. 239–252). Cairo: Egyptian Veterinary Poultry Association.
   Google Scholar
• Escaffre, O., Nouën, C.L., Amelot, M., Ambroggio, X., Ogden, K.M., Guionie, O., Toquin, D., Müller, H., Islam, M.R. & Eterradossi, N. (2013). Both genome segments contribute to the pathogenicity of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Journal of Virology, 87, 2767–2780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eterradossi, N., Gauthier, C., Reda, I., Comte, S., Rivallan, G., Toquin, D., De Boisséson, C., Lamandé, J., Jestin, V., Morin, Y., Cazaban, C. & Borne, P.M. (2004). Extensive antigenic changes in an atypical isolate of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus and experimental clinical control of this virus with an antigenically classical live vaccine. Avian Pathology, 33, 423–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eterradossi, N., Picault, J., Drouin, P., Guittet, M., L'Hospitalier, R. & Bennejean, G. (1992). Pathogenicity and preliminary antigenic characterization of six infectious bursal disease virus strains isolated in France from acute outbreaks. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 39, 683–691.
   Google Scholar
• Eterradossi, N. & Saif, Y.M. (2020). Infectious bursal disease. In E. David (Ed.), Diseases of poultry (pp. 257–283). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Eterradossi, N., Toquin, D., Rivallan, G. & Guittet, M. (1997). Modified activity of a VP2-located neutralizing epitope on various vaccine, pathogenic and hypervirulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus. Archives of Virology, 142, 255–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, L., Wu, T., Hussain, A., Gao, Y., Zeng, X., Wang, Y., Gao, L., Li, K., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Cui, H., Pan, Q., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., He, H., Wang, X. & Qi, X. (2019). Novel variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus isolated in China. Veterinary Microbiology, 230, 212–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, H., Wang, Y., Gao, L. & Zheng, S.J. (2023). Genetic insight into the interaction of IBDV with host – a clue to the development of novel IBDV vaccines. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, 8255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, M.K. (2004). Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in Egypt: epidemiology, isolation and immunogenicity of classic vaccine. Veterinary Research Communications, 28, 347–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, M.K., Afify, M. & Aly, M.M. (2002). Susceptibility of vaccinated and unvaccinated Egyptian chickens to very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Pathology, 31, 149–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, X., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Wang, M., Wang, L., Zhou, H., Jiang, Y., Cui, W., Qiao, X., Xu, Y., Li, Y. & Tang, L. (2021). Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus-induced immune injury is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and inflammatory cytokines imbalance in the bursa of Fabricius. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 114, 103839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M.R., Nooruzzaman, M., Rahman, T., Mumu, T.T., Rahman, M.M., Chowdhury, E.H., Eterradossi, N. & Müller, H. (2021). A unified genotypic classification of infectious bursal disease virus based on both genome segments. Avian Pathology, 50, 190–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackwood, D.J. (2012). Molecular epidemiologic evidence of homologous recombination in infectious bursal disease viruses. Avian Diseases, 56, 574–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackwood, D.J., Sreedevi, B., LeFever, L.J. & Sommer-Wagner, S.E. (2008). Studies on naturally occurring infectious bursal disease viruses suggest that a single amino acid substitution at position 253 in VP2 increases pathogenicity. Virology, 377, 110–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2017). MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 20, 1160–1166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Nouën, C., Rivallan, G., Toquin, D. & Eterradossi, N. (2005). Significance of the genetic relationships deduced from partial nucleotide sequencing of infectious bursal disease virus genome segments A or B. Archives of Virology, 150, 313–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letzel, T., Coulibaly, F., Rey, F.A., Delmas, B., Jagt, E., Loon, A.A.M.W.V. & Mundt, E. (2007). Molecular and structural bases for the antigenicity of VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus. Journal of Virology, 81, 12827–12835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mató, T., Tatár-Kis, T., Felföldi, B., Jansson, D.S., Homonnay, Z., Bányai, K. & Palya, V. (2020). Occurrence and spread of a reassortant very virulent genotype of infectious bursal disease virus with altered VP2 amino acid profile and pathogenicity in some European countries. Veterinary Microbiology, 245, 108663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawgod, S.A., Arafa, A.S. & Hussein, H.A. (2014). Molecular genotyping of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolated from broiler flocks in Egypt. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 2, 46–52.
   Google Scholar
• Metwally, A.M., Yousif, A.A., Shaheed, I.B., Mohammed, W.A., Samy, A.M. & Reda, I.M. (2009). Re-emergence of very virulent IBDV in Egypt. International Journal of Virology, 5, 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Michel, L.O. & Jackwood, D.J. (2017). Classification of infectious bursal disease virus into genogroups. Archives of Virology, 162, 3661–3670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moody, A., Sellers, S. & Bumstead, N. (2000). Measuring infectious bursal disease virus RNA in blood by multiplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Journal of Virological Methods, 85, 55–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, H. (1986). Replication of infectious bursal disease virus in lymphoid cells. Archives of Virology, 87, 191–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, H. & Becht, H. (1982). Biosynthesis of virus-specific proteins in cells infected with infectious bursal disease virus and their significance as structural elements for infectious virus and incomplete particles. Journal of Virology, 44, 384–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, H., Islam, M.R. & Raue, R. (2003). Research on infectious bursal disease – the past, the present and the future. Veterinary Microbiology, 97, 153–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myint, O., Suwanruengsri, M., Araki, K., Izzati, U.Z., Pornthummawat, A., Nueangphuet, P., Fuke, N., Hirai, T., Jackwood, D.J. & Yamaguchi, R. (2021). Bursa atrophy at 28 days old caused by variant infectious bursal disease virus has a negative economic impact on broiler farms in Japan. Avian Pathology, 50, 6–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, L.-T., Schmidt, H.A., Von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015). IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noor, M., Mahmud, M., Ghose, P., Roy, U., Nooruzzaman, M., Chowdhury, E., Das, P., Islam, M. & Müller, H. (2014). Further evidence for the association of distinct amino acid residues with in vitro and in vivo growth of infectious bursal disease virus. Archives of Virology, 159, 701–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raja, P., Senthilkumar, T. M. A., Parthiban, M., Thangavelu, A., Gowri, A.M., Palanisammi, A. & Kumanan, K. (2016). Complete genome sequence analysis of a naturally reassorted infectious bursal disease virus from India. Genome Announcements, 4, 10–1128.
   Google Scholar
• Samy, A., Courtillon, C., Briand, F.-X., Khalifa, M., Selim, A., Hegazy, A., Eterradossi, N. & Soubies, S.M. (2020). Continuous circulation of an antigenically modified very virulent infectious bursal disease virus for fifteen years in Egypt. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 78, 104099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021). MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022–3027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thai, T.N., Jang, I., Kim, H.-A., Kim, H.-S., Kwon, Y.-K. & Kim, H.-R. (2021). Characterization of antigenic variant infectious bursal disease virus strains identified in South Korea. Avian Pathology, 50, 174–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vakharia, V.N., He, J., Ahamed, B. & Snyder, D.B. (1994). Molecular basis of antigenic variation in infectious bursal disease virus. Virus Research, 31, 265–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Berg, T., Morales, D., Eterradossi, N., Rivallan, G., Toquin, D., Raue, R., Zierenberg, K., Zhang, M., Zhu, Y. & Wang, C. (2004). Assessment of genetic, antigenic and pathotypic criteria for the characterization of IBDV strains. Avian Pathology, 33, 470–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W., He, X., Zhang, Y., Qiao, Y., Shi, J., Chen, R., Chen, J., Xiang, Y., Wang, Z. & Chen, G. (2022). Analysis of the global origin, evolution and transmission dynamics of the emerging novel variant IBDV (A2dB1b): the accumulation of critical aa-residue mutations and commercial trade contributes to the emergence and transmission of novel variants. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69, e2832–e2851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y.-L., Fan, L.-J., Jiang, N., Gao, L., Li, K., Gao, Y.-L., Liu, C.-J., Cui, H.-Y., Pan, Q., Zhang, Y.-P., Wang, X.-M. & Qi, X.-L. (2021). An improved scheme for infectious bursal disease virus genotype classification based on both genome-segments A and B. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20, 1372–1381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., Wang, X., Gao, Y. & Qi, X. (2022). The over-40-years-epidemic of infectious bursal disease virus in China. Viruses, 14, 2253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zierenberg, K., Nieper, H., Van Den Berg, T.P., Ezeokoli, C.D., Voß, M. & Müller, H. (2000). The VP2 variable region of African and German isolates of infectious bursal disease virus: comparison with very virulent, “classical” virulent, and attenuated tissue culture-adapted strains. Archives of Virology, 145, 113–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar