1,614
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
General Articles

Investigating consciousness in the sleep laboratory – an interdisciplinary perspective on lucid dreaming

, &
Pages 192-207 | Received 17 Jan 2017, Accepted 13 Sep 2017, Published online: 12 Nov 2017

References

  • Appel, K. 2013. “Communication with a Sleeping Person.” Master’s thesis, Osnabrück University.
  • Aserinsky, E., and N. Kleitman. 1953. “Regularly Occurring Periods of Ocular Motility and Concomitant Phenomena During Sleep.” Science 118: 273–274. doi: 10.1126/science.118.3062.273
  • Barrett, D. 1992. “Just How Lucid Are Lucid Dreams?” Dreaming 2: 221–228. doi: 10.1037/h0094362
  • Barrett, D. 2001. The Committee of Sleep: How Artists, Scientists, and Athletes Use Dreams for Creative Problem-Solving – and How You Can Too. New York: Crown House Publishing Limited.
  • Blagrove, M., and S. J. Hartnell. 2000. “Lucid Dreaming: Associations with Internal Locus of Control, Need for Cognition and Creativity.” Journal of Personality and Individual Differences 28: 41–47. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00078-1
  • Blagrove, M., and M. Tucker. 1994. “Individual Differences in Locus of Control and the Reporting of Lucid Dreaming.” Personality and Individual Differences 16 (6): 981–984. doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90242-9
  • Cavanna, A. E., and M. R. Trimble. 2006. “The Precuneus: A Review of Its Functional Anatomy and Behavioral Correlates.” Brain 129 (3): 564–583. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl004
  • D’Agostino, A., I. Limosani, and S. Scarone. 2012. “The Dreaming Brain/Mind: A Role in Understanding Complex Mental Disorders?” Frontiers in Psychiatry 3 (3): 1–3.
  • Dement, W., and N. Kleitman. 1957a. “Cyclic Variations in EEG During Sleep and Their Relation to Eye Movements, Body Motility, and Dreaming.” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 9 (4): 673–690. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(57)90088-3
  • Dement, W., and N. Kleitman. 1957b. “The Relation of Eye Movements During Sleep to Dream Activity: An Objective Method for the Study of Dreaming.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 53 (5): 339–346. doi: 10.1037/h0048189
  • Denis, D., and G. L. Poerio. 2017. “Terror and Bliss? Commonalities and Distinctions between Sleep Paralysis, Lucid Dreaming, and Their Associations with Waking Life Experiences.” Journal of Sleep Research 26 (1): 38–47. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12441
  • Dobe, B. 2012. “Die geheimen Welten der Klarträumer.” Münchner Merkur March 29.
  • Dresler, M. 2008. “Kreativität und Schlaf.” In Kreativität. Beiträge aus den Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften, edited by M. Dresler and T. G. Baudson, 149–164. Stuttgart: Hirzel.
  • Dresler, M. 2012. “Sleep and Creativity: Theoretical Models and Neural Basis.” In Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreams, edited by D. Barrett and P. McNamara, 768–770. Santa Barbara: ABC/CLIO, Vol II.
  • Dresler, M., S. P. Koch, R. Wehrle, V. I. Spoormaker, F. Holsboer, A. Steiger, P. G. Sämann, H. Obrig, and M. Czisch. 2011. “Dreamed Movement Elicits Activation in the Sensorimotor Cortex.” Current Biology 21 (21): 1833–1837. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.029
  • Dresler, M., V. Spoormaker, R. Wehrle, and M. Czisch. 2014. “Your Imaging Group Has Coined the Term ‘Dream Imaging.’ Please Summarize the Concept in Relation to Dream Theory.” In Dream Consciousness, edited by N. Tranquillo, vol. 3, 123–129. Vienna Circle Institute Library. Berlin: Springer.
  • Dresler, M., R. Wehrle, V. I. Spoormaker, S. P. Koch, F. Holsboer, A. Steiger, S. Koch, H. Obrig, P. G. Sämann, and M. Czisch. 2012. “Neural Correlates of Dream Lucidity Obtained from Contrasting Lucid Versus non-Lucid REM Sleep: A Combined EEG/fMRI Case Study.” Sleep 35 (7): 1017. doi: 10.5665/sleep.1974
  • Dresler, M., R. Wehrle, V. I. Spoormaker, S. Koch, F. Holsboer, A. Steiger, H. Obrig, P. G. Sämann, and M. Czisch. 2009. “Neural Correlates of Consciousness –Insights from Sleep Imaging.” Neuroforum 15 (S1): T24–T3C.
  • Dresler, M., R. Wehrle, V. I. Spoormaker, A. Steiger, F. Holsboer, M. Czisch, and J. A. Hobson. 2015. “Neural Correlates of Insight in Dreaming and Psychosis.” Sleep Medicine Reviews 20: 92–99. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.06.004
  • Edelman, G. M. 2003. “Naturalizing Consciousness: A Theoretical Framework.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (9): 5520–5524. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0931349100
  • Erlacher, D. 2007. “Das Phänomen Luzider Traum.” In Wissenschaft an den Grenzen des Verstandes, edited by M. Dresler, 192–203. Stuttgart: Hirzel.
  • Erlacher, D. 2012. “Practicing in Dreams Can Improve Your Performance.” Harvard Business Review 90 (4): 30.
  • Erlacher, D., and H. Chapin. 2010. “Lucid Dreaming: Neural Virtual Reality as a Mechanism for Performance Enhancement.” International Journal of Dream Research 3 (1): 7–10.
  • Erlacher, D., M. Schädlich, T. Stumbrys, and M. Schredl. 2013. “Time for Actions in Lucid Dreams: Effects of Task Modality, Length, and Complexity.” Frontiers in Psychology 4 (1013): 1–12.
  • Erlacher, D., and M. Schredl. 2004. “Time Required for Motor Activity in Lucid Dreams.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 99 (3 Pt 2): 1239–1242. doi: 10.2466/pms.99.3f.1239-1242
  • Erlacher, D., and M. Schredl. 2010. “Practicing a Motor Task in a Lucid Dream Enhances Subsequent Performance: A Pilot Study.” The Sport Psychologist 24 (2): 157–167. doi: 10.1123/tsp.24.2.157
  • Erlacher, D., M. Schredl, and S. LaBerge. 2003. “Motor Area Activation During Dreamed Hand Clenching: A Pilot Study on EEG Alpha Band.” Sleep and Hypnosis 5: 182–187.
  • Erlacher, D., T. Stumbrys, and M. Schredl. 2012. Frequency of lucid dreams and lucid dream practice in German athletes. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 31 (3): 237–246. doi: 10.2190/IC.31.3.f
  • Fosse, R., R. Stickgold, and J. A. Hobson. 2001. “Brain-mind States: Reciprocal Variation in Thoughts and Hallucinations.” Psychological Science 12 (1): 30–36. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00306
  • Foulkes, W. D. 1962. “Dream Reports from Different Stages of Sleep.” The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 65: 14–25. doi: 10.1037/h0040431
  • Freud, S. (1900) 1965. The Interpretation of Dreams. Vols. 4 and 5 of The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. London: Hogarth Press.
  • Gackenbach, J., R. Cranson, and C. Alexander. 1986. “Lucid Dreaming, Witnessing, and the Transcendental Meditation: A Developmental Relationship.” Lucidity Letter 5: 34–41.
  • Gackenbach, J., N. Heilman, S. Boyt, and S. LaBerge. 1985. “The Relationship between Field Independence and Lucid Dreaming Ability.” Journal of Mental Imagery 9: 9–20.
  • Green, C. 1968. Lucid Dreams. Oxford: Institute of Psychical Research.
  • Hearne, K. M. 1978. “Lucid Dreams: An Elecro-Physiological and Psychological Study.” Doctoral dissertation, Liverpool University.
  • Hearne, K. M. 1983. “Lucid Dream Induction.” Journal of Mental Imagery 7: 19–24.
  • Hobson, J. A. 2004. “A Model for Madness?” Nature 430 (6995): 21–21. doi: 10.1038/430021a
  • Hobson, J. A. 2009. “REM Sleep and Dreaming: Towards a Theory of Protoconsciousness.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10 (11): 803–813. doi: 10.1038/nrn2716
  • Hobson, J. A., and R. W. McCarley. 1977. “The Brain as a Dream State Generator: An Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis of the Dream Process.” The American Journal of Psychiatry 134 (12): 1335–1348. doi: 10.1176/ajp.134.12.1335
  • Hobson, J. A., and E. F. Pace-Schott. 2002. “The Cognitive Neuroscience of Sleep: Neuronal Systems, Consciousness and Learning.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3: 679–693. doi: 10.1038/nrn915
  • Hobson, J. A., E. F. Pace-Schott, and R. Stickgold. 2000. “Dreaming and the Brain: Toward a Cognitive Neuroscience of Conscious States.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (06): 793–842. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00003976
  • Hobson, J. A., R. Stickgold, and E. F. Pace-Schott. 1998. “The Neuropsychology of REM Sleep Dreaming.” NeuroReport 9: R1–R14. doi: 10.1097/00001756-199802160-00033
  • Hobson, J. A., and U. Voss. 2010. “Lucid Dreaming and the Bimodality of Consciousness.” Towards New Horizons in Consciousness Research from the Boundaries of the Brain 79: 155–165.
  • Holzinger, B., G. Klösch, and B. Saletu. 2015. “Studies with Lucid Dreaming as Add-on Therapy to Gestalt Therapy.” Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 131 (6): 355–363. doi: 10.1111/ane.12362
  • Holzinger, B., S. LaBerge, and L. Levitan. 2006. “Psychophysical Correlates of Lucid Dreaming.” Dreaming 16: 88–95. doi: 10.1037/1053-0797.16.2.88
  • Hunt, H. T. 1991. “Lucid Dreaming as a Meditative State: Some Evidence from Long-Term Meditators in Relation to the Cognitive-Psychological Bases of Transpersonal Phenomena.” In Dream Images: A Call to Mental Arms, edited by J. Gackenbach and A. A. Sheikh, 265–285. Amityville, NY: Baywood.
  • Jouvet, M., and F. Delorme. 1965. “Locus coeruleus et Sommeil Paradoxal.” Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de ses Filiales 159 (4): 895.
  • Kahan, T. L., and K. T. Sullivan. 2012. “Assessing Metacognitive Skills in Waking and Sleep: A Psychometric Analysis of the Metacognitive, Affective, Cognitive Experience (MACE) Questionnaire.” Consciousness and Cognition 21: 340–352. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.11.005
  • Kern, S., K. Appel, M. Schredl, and G. Pipa. 2017. “No Effect of α-GPC on Lucid Dream Induction or Dream Content.” Somnologie 21 (3): 180–186. doi: 10.1007/s11818-017-0122-8
  • LaBerge, S. P. 1980a. “Lucid Dreaming: An Exploratory Study of Consciousness During Sleep.” Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University.
  • LaBerge, S. P. 1980b. “Lucid Dreaming as a Learnable Skill: A Case Study.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 51 (3f): 1039–1042. doi: 10.2466/pms.1980.51.3f.1039
  • LaBerge, S. P. 1985. Lucid Dreaming: The Power of Being Awake and Aware in Your Dreams. Los Angeles: Jeremy P. Tarcher.
  • LaBerge, S. P. 1988. “Induction of Lucid Dreams Including the Use of the Dreamlight.” Lucidity Letter 7 (2): 15–21.
  • LaBerge, S. P. 2004. U.S. Patent No. 20,040,266,659. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • LaBerge, S., and D. J. DeGracia. 2000. “Varieties of Lucid Dreaming Experience.” Individual Differences in Conscious experience 20: 269–307. doi: 10.1075/aicr.20.14lab
  • LaBerge, S., L. Levitan, and W. C. Dement. 1986. “Lucid Dreaming: Physiological Correlates of Consciousness During REM Sleep.” Journal of Mind and Behavior 7: 251–258.
  • LaBerge, S. P., L. E. Nagel, W. C. Dement, and V. P. Zarcone Jr. 1981. “Lucid Dreaming Verified by Volitional Communication During REM Sleep.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 52 (3): 727–732. doi: 10.2466/pms.1981.52.3.727
  • LaBerge, S., and H. Rheingold. 1990. Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming. New York: Ballantine Books.
  • Ladd, G. T. 1892. “Contribution to the Psychology of Visual Dreams.” Mind; A Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy 1 (2): 299–304. doi: 10.1093/mind/1.2.299
  • Leslie, K., and R. Ogilvie. 1996. “Vestibular Dreams: The Effect of Rocking on Dream Mentation.” Dreaming 6 (1): 1–16. doi: 10.1037/h0094442
  • Marisch, C., L. Genzel, A. Steiger, and M. Dresler. 2016. “Kreativität und Schlaf.” Somnologie 20 (1): 8–15.
  • Metzinger, T. 2003. Being No One. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Metzinger, T. 2009. Der Ego-Tunnel. Berlin: Berlin-Verlag.
  • Nir, Y., and G. Tononi. 2010. “Dreaming and the Brain: From Phenomenology to Neurophysiology.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 (2): 88–100. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.001
  • Paul, F., M. Schädlich, and D. Erlacher. 2014. “Lucid Dream Induction by Visual and Tactile Stimulation: An Exploratory Sleep Laboratory Study.” International Journal of Dream Research 7 (1): 61–66.
  • Paulsson, T., and A. Parker. 2006. “The Effects of a Two-Week Reflection-Intention Training Program on Lucid Dream Recall.” Dreaming 16 (1): 22–35. doi: 10.1037/1053-0797.16.1.22
  • Rechtschaffen, A. 1973. “The Psychophysiology of Mental Activity During Sleep.” In Psychophysiology of Thinking: Studies of Covert Processes, edited by F. J. McGuigan and R. A. Schoonover, 153–205. New York: Academic Press.
  • Reis, J. 1989. “Entwicklung Einer Biofeedback-Technik zur Induktion von Klartraumen.” Bewusst Sein 1 (1): 57–66.
  • Revonsuo, A. 1995. “Consciousness, Dreams and Virtual Realities.” Philosophical Psychology, 8: 35–58. doi: 10.1080/09515089508573144
  • Saunders, D. T., C. A. Roe, G. Smith, and H. Clegg. 2016. “Lucid Dreaming Incidence: A Quality Effects Meta-Analysis of 50 Years of Research.” Consciousness and Cognition 43: 197–215. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2016.06.002
  • Schädlich, M., and D. Erlacher. 2012. “Applications of Lucid Dreams: An Online Study.” International Journal of Dream Research 5 (2): 134–138.
  • Schädlich, M., D. Erlacher, and M. Schredl. 2017. “Improvement of Darts Performance Following Lucid Dream Practice Depends on the Number of Distractions While Rehearsing Within the Dream – A Sleep Laboratory Pilot Study.” Journal of Sports Sciences 35 (23): 2365–2372. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1267387
  • Schenck, C. H., S. R. Bundlie, M. G. Ettinger, and M. W. Mahowald. 1986. “Chronic Behavioral Disorders of Human REM Sleep: A New Category of Parasomnia.” Sleep 9: 293–308. doi: 10.1093/sleep/9.2.293
  • Schenck, C. H., S. A. Lee, M. A. C. Bornemann, and M. W. Mahowald. 2009. “Potentially Lethal Behaviors Associated with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Review of the Literature and Forensic Implications.” Journal of Forensic Sciences 54 (6): 1475–1484. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01163.x
  • Schredl, M. 2008. “Dream Recall Frequency in a Representative German Sample.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 106 (3): 699–702. doi: 10.2466/pms.106.3.699-702
  • Schredl, M., and D. Erlacher. 2004. “Lucid Dreaming Frequency and Personality.” Personality and Individual Differences 37 (7): 1463–1473. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.003
  • Soffer-Dudek, N., R. Wertheim, and G. Shahar. 2011. “Lucid Dreaming and Resilience in the Face of Exposure to Terrorism.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 24 (1): 125–128. doi: 10.1002/jts.20601
  • Solms, M. 2000. “Dreaming and REM Sleep Are Controlled by Different Brain Mechanisms.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (06): 843–850. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X00003988
  • Solms, M. 2004. “Freud Returns.” Scientific American 290 (5): 82–88. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0504-82
  • Spadafora, A., and H. T. Hunt. 1990. “The Multiplicity of Dreams: Cognitive-Affective Correlates of Lucid, Archetypal, and Nightmare Dreaming.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 71 (2): 627–644. doi: 10.2466/pms.1990.71.2.627
  • Spoormaker, V., M. Czisch, and M. Dresler. 2010a. “Lucid and Non-Lucid Dreaming: Thinking in Networks.” International Journal of Dream Research 3 (1): 49–51.
  • Spoormaker, V. I., M. S. Schröter, P. M. Gleiser, K. C. Andrade, M. Dresler, R. Wehrle, P. G. Sämann, and M. Czisch. 2010b. “Development of a Large-Scale Functional Brain Network During Human non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.” The Journal of Neuroscience 30 (34): 11379–11387. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2015-10.2010
  • Spoormaker, V. I., and J. Van Den Bout. 2006. “Lucid Dreaming Treatment for Nightmares: A Pilot Study.” Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 75 (6): 389–394. doi: 10.1159/000095446
  • Spoormaker, V. I., J. van den Bout, and E. J. Meijer. 2003. “Lucid Dreaming Treatment for Nightmares: A Series of Cases.” Dreaming 13 (3): 181–186. doi: 10.1023/A:1025325529560
  • Stumbrys, T., D. Erlacher, M. Schädlich, and M. Schredl. 2012. “Induction of Lucid Dreams: A Systematic Review of Evidence.” Consciousness and Cognition 21 (3): 1456–1475. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.07.003
  • Stumbrys, T., D. Erlacher, and M. Schredl. 2013. “Testing the Involvement of the Prefrontal Cortex in Lucid Dreaming: A tDCS Study.” Consciousness and Cognition 22 (4): 1214–1222. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2013.08.005
  • Stumbrys, T., D. Erlacher, and M. Schredl. 2016. “Effectiveness of Motor Practice in Lucid Dreams: A Comparison with Physical and Mental Practice.” Journal of Sports Science 34 (1): 27–34. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1030342
  • Tholey, P. 1983. “Techniques for Inducing and Manipulating Lucid Dreams.” Perceptual and Motor Skills 57 (1): 79–90. doi: 10.2466/pms.1983.57.1.79
  • Tyson, P. D., R. D. Ogilvie, and H. T. Hunt. 1984. “Lucid, Prelucid, and Nonlucid Dreams Related to the Amount of EEG Alpha Activity During REM Sleep.” Psychophysiology 21 (4): 442–451. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb00224.x
  • Uhlhaas, P., G. Pipa, B. Lima, L. Melloni, S. Neuenschwander, D. Nikolić, and W. Singer. 2009. “Neural Synchrony in Cortical Networks: History, Concept and Current Status.” Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 3: 17. doi: 10.3389/neuro.07.017.2009
  • Van Eeden, F. 1913. “A Study of Dreams.” Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 26 (Part 47): 431–461.
  • Voss, U., C. Frenzel, J. Koppehele-Gossel, and A. Hobson. 2012. “Lucid Dreaming: An Age-Dependent Brain Dissociation.” Journal of Sleep Research 21 (6): 634–642. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01022.x
  • Voss, U., R. Holzmann, A. Hobson, W. Paulus, J. Koppehele-Gossel, A. Klimke, and M. A. Nitsche. 2014. “Induction of Self Awareness in Dreams Through Frontal Low Current Stimulation of Gamma Activity.” Nature Neuroscience 17 (6): 810–812. doi: 10.1038/nn.3719
  • Voss, U., R. Holzmann, I. Tuin, and J. A. Hobson. 2009. “Lucid Dreaming: A State of Consciousness with Features of Both Waking and Non-Lucid Dreaming.” Sleep 32 (9): 1191. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.9.1191
  • Voss, U., K. Schermelleh-Engel, J. Windt, C. Frenzel, and A. Hobson. 2013. “Measuring Consciousness in Dreams: The Lucidity and Consciousness in Dreams Scale.” Consciousness and Cognition 22 (1): 8–21. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.11.001
  • Watson, D. 2001. “Dissociations of the Night: Individual Differences in Sleep-Related Experiences and Their Relation to Dissociation and Schizotypy.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 110 (4): 526–535. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.110.4.526
  • Windt, J. M., and T. Metzinger. 2007. “The Philosophy of Dreaming and Self-Consciousness: What Happens to the Experimental Subject during the Dream State?” In The New Science of Dreaming, edited by D. Barrett and P. McNamara (Hrsg.), vol. 3, 193–247. Westport: Praeger.
  • Wolpin, M., A. Marston, C. Randolph, and A. Clothier. 1992. “Individual Difference Correlates of Reported Lucid Dreaming Frequency and Control.” Journal of Mental Imagery 16: 231–236.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.