References
References and notes
- Pires FCM Jr Assis LF Serra EG 2002 An Analysis of Brazilian Maritime Industry Policies Proceedings of the IAME Annual Conference Panama http//:eclac.cl/transporte/perfil/iame_papers/proceedings/Pires_et_al.doc
- This is the reason that any ship price comparison involving Brazilian shipbuilding should be restricted to the 1980s and 1990s
- Petrobras, the state-owned oil company, is the largest Brazilian enterprise
- The manning cost of the Brazilian flag is comparable with the average costs of open registries
- Goss RO Marlow PB 1993 Internationalism, Protectionism and Interventionism in Shipping Current Issues in Maritime Economics edited by K. W. Gwilliam Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers pp. 45–67
- King , J . 1999 . New directions in shipbuilding policy . Marine Policy , 23 ( 3 ) : 191 – 205 .
- Mayr , TP and McGrath , RH . 1997 . Tramp Shipping: The role of taxation in international resource allocation . Maritime Policy & Management , 24 ( 3 ) : 261 – 283 .
- Pires , FCM Jr . 2001 . Shipbuilding and shipping industries: net economic benefit cross-transfers . Maritime Policy & Management , 28 ( 2 ) : 157 – 174 .
- GEIPOT 1999 Governmental Policy and Development of the Brazilian Maritime Industry Report from Brazilian Ministry of Transport (in Portuguese)
- Clarkson Research Studies 2004 World Shipyard Monitor 11 7 July
- Pires , FCM Jr . 1999 . An assessment of the Brazilian shipbuilding industry competitive potential . Journal of Ship Production , 15 ( 2 ) : 114 – 125 .
- Ibid 2
- After 1997, cargoes with ports of origin or destination located in the country's north or northeast regions are exempted from AFRMM payments. This provision indeed gives raise to economic net losses, by the substitution of routes or even suppliers. These substitutions, aiming to reduce the private shipper cost, can increase the economic cost to the country's economy as a whole
- Ibid 5
- [8] discusses in detail the subsidy and economic cost allocation and cross transfers
- Ibid 11