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Maritime Policy & Management
The flagship journal of international shipping and port research
Volume 40, 2013 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

The adaptation of the landlord port model to France's major seaports: a critical analysis of local solutions

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Pages 27-47 | Published online: 30 Jul 2012

References and notes

  • Total throughput in tons, based on a panel of 51 European seaports. General direction of infrastructure, transport and the sea. Ministry of ecology, sustainable development, transport and housing, France
  • Fremont , A and Gouvernal , E . 2008 . “ The boundary between public and private interests and the balance between local and national claims: The French experience ” . In Ports and Regional Economics , Edited by: Musso , E. and Ghiara , H. 43 – 60 . New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 1997, Green Paper on Seaports and Maritime Infrastructure. COM (97) 678 final. p. 40. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission
  • European Commission . 2006 . Commission Directive (2006)/111/EC of 16 November (2006) on the transparency of financial relations between Member States and public undertakings as well as on financial transparency within certain undertakings (codified version) . Official Journal of the European Union , L318 : 17 – 25 .
  • Parlement Europeen Et Du Conseil, 2002, Proposition modifiée de directive du Parlement concernant l’accès aux services portuaires. 19-02-2002, 201/0047 (COD) 101 final. p. 16. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2001, European Transport Policy for 2010: Time to Decide. p. 119. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publication of the European Communities
  • EUROPEAN COMMISSION, 2011, Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area, Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System. White Paper. COM 2011 - 144 final. p. 31. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission
  • Brian Slack [57] explains the concept of terminalization and linked it to the governance: ‘The changes in governance (…) represent a fundamental shift in the concept of a port, from one whose operations are coordinated and controlled by a public agency whose actions are shaped by local and regional interests, to one that is made up of independent terminals whose activities are determined by the commercial interests of its transnational owners/long term lessors’
  • Goss , RO . 1990 . Economic policies and seaports: 1. The economic functions of seaports . Maritime Policy and Management , 17 ( 3 ) : 209 – 219 .
  • DEBRIE, J. and RUBY, C., 2009, Approche des réformes portuaires européennes et nord américaines: Eléments de réflexion pour la politique portuaire française (Marne-la-Vallée, Paris: INRETS)
  • VERHOEVEN, P., 2009, A Review of Port Authority Functions: Towards a Renaissance? Working Paper. Antwerp: WCTR
  • Comtois , C and Slack , B . 2003 . Innover l'autorité portuaire au 21ème siècle : Un nouvel agenda de gouvernance . Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport , 44 : 11 – 24 .
  • Ng , KYA and Pallis , AA . 2010 . Port governance reforms in diversified institutional frameworks: Generic solution, implementation asymmetries . Environment and Planning A , 42 ( 9 ) : 2147 – 2167 .
  • Debrie , J , Gouvernal , E and Slack , B . 2007 . Port devolution revisited: The case of regional ports and the role of lower tier governments . Journal of Transport Geography , 15 ( 6 ) : 455 – 464 .
  • Douet , M and Gambet , E . 2010 . “ Nouveaux acteurs, nouveaux contrats ” . In La décentralisation Portuaire: Réformes, Acteurs, Territoires , Edited by: Debrie , J. and Lavaud-Letilleul , V. 61 – 129 . Paris : L'Harmattan .
  • Everett , S and Pettitt , T . 2006 . Effective corporatization of ports is a function of effective legislation: Legal issues in the existing paradigm . Maritime Policy & Management , 33 ( 3 ) : 219 – 232 .
  • Marques , RC and Fonseca , A . 2010 . Market structure, privatisation and regulation of Portuguese seaports . Maritime Policy & Management , 37 ( 2 ) : 145 – 161 .
  • Pallis , AA and Syriopoulos , T . 2007 . Port governance models: Financial evaluation of Greek port restructuring . Transport Policy , 14 ( 2 ) : 232 – 246 .
  • Valleri , MA , Lamonarca , M and Papa , P . 2007 . “ Port governance in Italy ” . In Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance: Research in Transportation Economics , Edited by: Brooks , M. R. and Cullinane , K. Vol. 17 , 139 – 153 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Baird , AJ and Valentine , VF . 2007 . “ Port privatisation in the United Kingdom ” . In Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance: Research in Transportation Economics , Edited by: Brooks , M. R. and Cullinane , K. Vol. 17 , 55 – 84 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • BROOKS, M. and CULLINANE, K., 2007, Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance: Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 17. Special Issue (Amsterdam: Elsevier)
  • Brooks , M and Baltazar , R . 2007 . “ Port governance, devolution and the matching framework: A configuration theory approach ” . In Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance: Research in Transportation Economics , Edited by: Brooks , M. R. and Cullinane , K. Vol. 17 , 379 – 403 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Brooks , M and Cullinane , K . 2007 . “ Conclusions and research agenda ” . In Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance: Research in Transportation Economics , Edited by: Brooks , M. R. and Cullinane , K. Vol. 17 , 631 – 660 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • De Langen , PW and Van Der Lugt , L . 2007 . “ Governance structures of port authorities in the Netherlands ” . In Devolution, Port Governance and Port Performance: Research in Transportation Economics , Edited by: Brooks , M. R. and Cullinane , K. Vol. 17 , 109 – 137 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • COmmissariat GENERAL DU PLAN, 1984, Politique des transports, rapport du groupe de travail, préparation du IXe plan 1984–1988. Paris, France: La Documentation Française
  • Container throughput in TEUs, based on a panel of 51 European seaports. General direction of infrastructure, transport and the sea. Ministry of ecology, sustainable development, transport and housing, France
  • COUSQUER, Y. and GENEVOIS, R., 2005, Regard sur la place et la compétitivité des ports français dans le système européen, entre rétrospective et prospective. Séminaire Maritime (Arcueil, Paris: INRETS)
  • The reform put an end to the joint management of dockers by unions, port authorities and private companies, to the daily recruitment system, and to the financial compensation of unemployment. After 1992, dock workers are salaries of pools or of private companies
  • The terminal operating agreement formalizes the unified management on terminals, i.e. the transfer of cranes and crane drivers to private companies, sometimes through joint companies
  • JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE, 2004, Loi 2004-809 du 13 août 2004 relative aux libertés et responsabilités locales. JORF du 17 août 2004. Paris, France: Journal Officiel de la Republique Francaise
  • Bolliet, A., Genevois, R., Gressier, C. and Laffitte, M., 2007, Rapport sur la modernisation des ports autonomes (Paris: Inspection Générale des Finances, Conseil Général des Ponts et Chaussées)
  • JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE, 2008, Loi 2008-660 du 4 juillet 2008 portant réforme portuaire. JORF du 5 juillet 2008. Paris, France: Journal Officiel de la Republique Francaise
  • JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE, 2008, Décret 2008-1032 du 9 Octobre 2008 pris en application de la loi 2008-660 du 4 Juillet 2008 portant réforme portuaire et portant diverses dispositions en matière portuaire. JORF du 10 Octobre 2008. Paris, France: Journal Officiel de la Republique Francaise
  • Reforms concern the France metropolitan area. Overseas ports are subject to specific law adaptation (Pointe à Pitre, Fort de France, Port Réunion, Degrad de Cannes, Nouméa, Papeete)
  • In 2004 La Rochelle, previously a secondary port, became an autonomous port, given its traffic on the Atlantic range
  • ‘The organization of cargo handling is simplified and rationalized by the model of the main European ports with the introduction of integrated terminal operators responsible for all handling operations (…). To achieve this goal, the major maritime ports stop owning or operating cargo handling equipments and transfer them to terminal operators, except in exceptional cases (…)’. In: MEEDDAT (Ministry in charge of transport), 2008, Plan de relance des ports français. Dossier de presse, 30 Octobre, p. 7
  • COUR DES COMPTES, 2006, Les ports français face aux mutations du transport maritime: l’urgence de l'action. Rapport public thématique. p. 188. Paris, France: Cour Des Comptes
  • Directives 2000/52/EC of 26 July 2000 and 2006/11/EC of 16 November 2006 require separate accounts distinguishing services of general economic interest and competitive activities. These directives were hardly applied in the autonomous ports, due to difficulties to separate accounts on terminal operations
  • MEEDDAT, 2008, Plan de relance des ports français. Dossier de presse. 15 Janvier. Paris, France: Meddat
  • Lacoste , R and Gallais Bouchet , A . 2012 . Analyse qualitative des outils de coordination et de coopération dans le cadre de la politique portuaire française: Le cas des grands ports maritimes . L’Espace Politique , 16
  • GRAND PORT MARITIME DE DUNKERQUE, 2009, Projet stratégique. Paris, France: Grand Port Maritime de Dunkerque
  • BLum, R., 2010, La desserte ferroviaire et fluviale des grands ports maritimes. Rapport à Monsieur le Premier Ministre. Paris, France: La Documentation Française, p. 95
  • GRAND PORT MARITIME DE MARSEILLE FOS, 2009, Projet stratégique. Version du 5 avril 2009. Paris, France: Grand Port Maritime de Marseille Fos
  • LACOSTE, R., 2009, La réforme portuaire: Un jeu d’échelle. In: Les Ports Européens et la Mondialisation, edited by J. Guillaume and M. Damien (Paris: L’Harmattan), pp. 141–154
  • GRAND PORT MARITIME DE ROUEN, 2009, Projet stratégique 2009--2013. Paris, France: Grand Port Maritime de Rouen
  • GRAND PORT MARITIME DE BORDEAUX, 2009, Projet stratégique 2009. Paris, France: Grand Port Maritime de Bordeaux
  • GRAND PORT MARITIME DE LA ROCHELLE, 2009, Projet stratégique 2009. Paris, France: Grand Port Maritime de la Rochelle
  • GRAND PORT MARITIME DU HAVRE, 2009, Projet stratégique 2009--2013. Version proposée au conseil de surveillance. 9 avril 2009. Paris, France: Grand Port Maritime du Havre
  • GRAND PORT MARITIME DE NANTES SAINT-NAZAIRE, 2009, Projet stratégique approuvé le 12 Juin 2009 par le conseil de surveillance. Paris, France: Grand Port Maritime De Nantes Saint-Nazaire
  • LE MARIN, 2010, Bilan des ports de commerce. Avril, France: Infomer
  • In 2011 for instance, there are six companies offering services on the Seine River: Logiseine, Fluviofeeder, River shuttle containers, SNTC, SNTC Carline, LogiYonne
  • Notteboom , T . 2010 . Concentration and the formation of multi-port gateway regions in the European container port system: An update . Journal of Transport Geography , 18 ( 4 ) : 567 – 583 .
  • The interport council of the Seine has recently set up a technical agency called HAROPA 'Havre-Rouen-Paris' or 'HArbours of PAris’ to support its strategy
  • The interport council of the Seine echoes the OECD working paper on the Seine axis [58]
  • The goal of the ‘Grand Paris’ project is to improve the occupation and use of urban space in the Paris Region. ‘Grand Paris’ consists of real estate and public transport programmes. It brings a strong economic component with it, which should help businesses be more competitive internationally. The seaports of Rouen and Le Havre and the maritime access they bring, as well as their surrounding urban areas, are thus taken into account
  • This project involves the construction of a wide-gauge canal, 106 km long, between the Oise (Compiègne) and the Dunkirk-Escaut Canal (Cambrai). It includes the production of four trimodal hubs that will enable the development of logistics and industrial activities in conjunction with the canal. Its cost is estimated at 4.3 billion euros (current development hubs included). This project aims at opening up the Seine Basin by 2020 and allow the shipping of 13–15 million tons of cargo, the equivalent of 500 000 trucks per year’. MEDDTL (Ministry in charge of transport), http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Presentation-du-projet-de-canal.html
  • SLACK, B., 2007, The terminalisation of seaports. In: Ports, Cities and Global Supply Chains, edited by J. Wang, D. Olivier, T. Notteboom and B. Slack (Ashgate: Aldershot), pp. 41–50
  • MERK, O., DUCRUET, C., DUBARLE, P., HAEZENDONCK, E. and DOOMS, M., 2011, The Competitiveness of Global Port-cities: The Case of the Seine Axis (Le Havre, Rouen, Paris, Caen) – France. OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 2011/07. Paris, France: OECD Publishing

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