Unipolar cardiac pacemakers in electromagnetic fields of high voltage overhead lines

References

• Dawson, T. W., Caputa, K., Stuchly, M. A., Shepard, R. B., Kavet, R. and Sastre, A., 2002, Pacemaker interference by magnetic fields at power line frequencies. IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering, 49, 254 — 262.
   Google Scholar
• Scholten, A. and Silny, J., 2001, The interference threshold of unipolar cardiac pacemakers in ELF magnetic fields. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology, 25, 185–194.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keshishian, J. M., Smyth, N. P., Hood, O. C., Hoffman, A. A., Baker, N. R., Podolak, E. and Basu, A. P., 1972, The behavior of triggered unipolar pacemakers in active magnetic fields. Journal of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, 64, 772–778.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smyth, N. P., Keshishian, J. M., Hood, O. C., Hoffman, A. A., Podolak, E. and Baker, N. N. 1973, Effects of active magnetic fields on permanently implanted triggered pacemakers. Medical Instruments, 7, 189 — 195.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, B. M. and Woody, J. A., 1978, Cardiac pacemaker responses to power frequency signals, IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compability, 273— 277.
   Google Scholar
• Salmi, J., Eskola, H. J., Pitkanen, M. A. and Malmivuo, J. A., 1990, The influence of electromagnetic interference and ionizing radiation on cardiac pacemakers. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie, 166, 153–156.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toivonen, L., Valjus, J., Hongisto, M. and Metso, R., 1991, The influence of elevated 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields on implanted cardiac pacemakers: The role of the lead configuration and program-ming of the sensitivity. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 14, 2114–2122.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beaugeard, D., Kacet, S., Bricout, M. and Camblin, J., 1992, Interference between cardiac pacemaker and electromagnetic anti-theft devices in stores. Archives des maladies du coeur et des vasseaux, 85, 1457 — 1461.
   Google Scholar
• Dodinot, B., Godenir, J. P. and Costa, A. B., 1993, Electronic article surveillance: a possible danger for pacemaker patients. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 16, 46— 53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lucas, E. H., Johnson, D. and McElroy, B. P., 1994, The effects of electronic article surveillance systems on permanent cardiac pace-makers: an in vitro study. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 17, 2021–2026.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McIvor, M. E., Reddinger, J., Floden, E. and Sheppard, R. C., 1998, Study of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator triggering by electronic article surveillance devices (SPICED TEAS). Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 21, 1847 — 1861.
   Google Scholar
• Mugica, J., Henry, L. and Podeur, H., 2000, Study of interactions between permanent pacemakers and electronic antitheft surveillance systems. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 23, 333–337.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Irnich, W., de Bakker, J. M. and Bisping, H. J., 1978, Electromagnetic interference in implantable pacemakers. Pacing and Clinical Electro-physiology, 1, 52–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholten, A. and Silny, J., 2001, The interference threshold of cardiac pacemakers in electric 50 hz fields. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology, 25, 1 — 11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butrous, G. S., Male, J. C., Webber, R. S., Barton, G. D., Meldrum, S. J., Bonnell, J. A. and Camm, A. J., 1983, The effect of power frequency high intensity electric fields on implanted cardiac pacemakers. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 6, 1282 — 1292.
   Google Scholar
• Kaye, G. C., Butrous, G. S., Allen, A., Meldrum, S. J., Male, J. C. and Camm, A. J., 1988, The effect of 50 Hz external electrical interference on implanted cardiac pacemakers. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiol-ogy, 11, 999–1008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Astridge, P. S., Kaye, G. C., Whitworth, S., Kelly, P., Camm, A. J. and Perrins, E. J., 1993, The response of implanted dual chamber pacemakers to 50 Hz extraneous electrical interference. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 16, 1966— 1974.
   Google Scholar
• Irnich, W., 1984, Interference in pacemakers. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 7, 1021–1048.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dawson, T. W., Stuchly, M. A., Caputa, K., Sastre, A., Shepard, R. B. and Kavet, R., 2000, Pacemaker interference and low-frequency electric induction in humans by external fields and electrodes. IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering, 47, 1211–1218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Butrous, G. S., Meldrum, S. J., Barton, D. G., Male, J. C., Bonnell, J. A. and Camm, A. J., 1982, Effects of high-intensity power-frequency electric fields on implanted modern multiprogrammable cardiac pacemakers. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 75, 327 — 331.
   Google Scholar
• Irnich, W., 1999, Berechnung der inneren aus der duBeren elektrischen feldstärke und ihr einfluB auf herzschrittmacherpatienten. Biomedizi-nische Technik, 44, 232–236.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Utmischi, D., 1976, Das elektrische Feld unter Hochspannungsfrei-leitungen. Ph.D. Thesis, TU München.
   Google Scholar
• Utmischi, D., 1978, Berechnung dreidimensionaler hochspannungs-felder. Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift Ausgabe A, 99, 83–86.
   Google Scholar
• Bronstein, I. N. and Semendjajew, K. A., 1991, Taschenbuch der Mathematik, 25th edn. Thun und Frankfurt (Main) (Verlag Harri Deutsch).
   Google Scholar