Threshold concepts in geographical information systems: a step towards conceptual understanding

References

• Atkinson , P. M. and Tate , N. J. 2000 . Spatial scale problems and geostatistical solutions: A review . The Professional Geographer , 52 ( 4 ) : 607 – 623 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baillie , C. , Bowden , J. and Meyer , J. F. 2013 . Threshold capabilities: threshold concepts and knowledge capability linked through variation theory . Higher Education , 65 ( 2 ) : 227 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson , M. H. 2010 . Regional initiatives: Scaling the climate response and responding to conceptions of scale . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 100 ( 4 ) : 1025 – 1035 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry , J. K. 1987 . Fundamental operations in computer-assisted map analysis . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 1 ( 2 ) : 119 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Bishr , Y. 1998 . Overcoming the semantic and other barriers to GIS interoperability . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 12 ( 4 ) : 299 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbeer , J. 1996 . Problem-based learning and fieldwork, a better method of preparation? . Journal of Geography in Higher Education , 20 ( 1 ) : 11 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner , N. 2000 . The urban question as a scale question: Reflections on Henri Lefebvre, urban theory and the politics of scale . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 24 ( 2 ) : 361 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner , N. 2001 . The limits to scale? Methodological reflections on scalar structuration . Progress in Human Geography , 25 ( 4 ) : 591 – 614 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer , C. A. and Buttenfield , B. P. 2010 . Mastering map scale: Balancing workloads using display and geometry change in multi-scale mapping . Geoinformatica , 14 ( 2 ) : 221 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burrough , P. A. 2001 . GIS and geostatistics: Essential partners for spatial analysis . Environmental and Ecological Statistics , 8 ( 4 ) : 361 – 377 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousin , G. 2006 . An introduction to threshold concepts . Planet Special Issue on Threshold Concepts and Troublesome Knowledge , 17 ( 12 ) : 4 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Cousin , G. 2008 . “ Threshold concepts: Old wine in new bottles or new forms of transactional curriculum inquiry ” . In Threshold concepts within the disciplines , Edited by: Land , R. , Meyer , J. and Smith , J. 261 – 272 . Rotterdam : Sense Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Cousin , G. 2010 . Neither teacher-centred nor student-centred: Threshold concepts and research partnerships . Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education , Retrieved from http://www.aldinhe.ac.uk/ojs/index.php?journal = jldhe&page = article&op = view&path%5B%5D = 64&path%5B%5D = 41
   Google Scholar
• Cova , T. J. and Goodchild , M. F. 2002 . Extending geographical representation to include fields of spatial objects . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 16 ( 6 ) : 509 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale , P. 2005 . Introduction to mathematical techniques used in GIS , Boca Raton : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• de Smith , M. J. , Goodchild , M. F. and Longley , P. A. 2009 . Geospatial analysis: A comprehensive guide to principles, techniques, and software tools , Leicester : Mathador .
   Google Scholar
• DiBiase , D. W. , DeMers , M. N. , Johnson , A. J. , Kemp , K. K. , Taylor-Luck , A. , Plewe , B. S. and Wentz , E. A. , eds. 2006 . Geographic information science and technology body of knoweldge , Washington, DC : Association of American Geographers .
   Google Scholar
• Dungan , J. L. , Perry , J. N. , Dale , M. R. T. , Legendre , P. , Citron-Pousty , S. , Fortin , M. J. , Jakomulska , A. , Miriti , M. and Rosenberg , M. S. 2002 . A balanced view of scale in spatial statistical analysis . Ecography , 25 ( 5 ) : 626 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellsworth , E. 1997 . Teaching positions: Difference, pedagogy, and the power of address , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Elwood , S. 2010 . Geographic information science: Emerging research on the societal implications of the geospatial web . Progress in Human Geography , 34 ( 3 ) : 349 – 357 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Entwistle , N. 2005 . Learning outcomes and ways of thinking across contrasting disciplines and settings in higher education . Curriculum Journal , 16 ( 1 ) : 67 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Fenneman , N. M. 1919 . The circumference of geography . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 9 : 3 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan , M. 2012 . Threshold concepts: Undergraduate Teaching, Postgraduate Training and Professional Development A short introduction and bibliography , Retrieved from http://www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/∼mflanaga/thresholds.html
   Google Scholar
• Fotheringham , A. S. and Rogerson , P. A. 1993 . GIS and spatial analytical problems . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 7 ( 1 ) : 3 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouberg , E. H. 2013 . ‘The world is no longer flat to me’: Student perceptions of threshold concepts in world regional geography . Journal of Geography in Higher Education , 37 ( 1 ) : 65 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano , M. 2003 . The geography of the commons: The role of scale and space . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 93 ( 2 ) : 365 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golledge , R. G. 2002 . The nature of geographic knowledge . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 92 ( 1 ) : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. 1987 . A spatial analytical perspective on geographical information systems . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 1 ( 4 ) : 327 – 334 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. 1992 . Geographical Information Science . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 6 ( 1 ) : 31 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. 2000 . Communicating geographic information in a digital age . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 90 ( 2 ) : 344 – 355 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. 2001 . Metrics of scale in Remote Sensing and GIS . International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation , 3 ( 2 ) : 114 – 120 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. 2004 . The validity and usefulness of laws in Geographic Information Science and Geography . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 94 ( 2 ) : 300 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. 2007 . Citizens as sensors: The world of volunteered geography . GeoJournal , 69 ( 4 ) : 211 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. and Glennon , J. A. 2010 . Crowdsourcing geographic information for disaster response: A research frontier . International Journal of Digital Earth , 3 ( 3 ) : 231 – 241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. and Kemp , K. K. 1992 . NCGIA education activities – The core curriculum and beyond . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 6 ( 4 ) : 309 – 320 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. and Proctor , J. 1997 . Scale in a digital geographic world . Geographical and environmental modelling , 1 : 5 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Goodchild , M. F. , Yuan , M. and Cova , T. J. 2007 . Towards a general theory of geographic representation in GIS . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 21 ( 3 ) : 239 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , J. and Bohannan , B. J. M. 2006 . Spatial scaling of microbial biodiversity . Trends in Ecology & Evolution , 21 ( 9 ) : 501 – 507 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey , D. W. 1968 . Pattern, process, and the scale problem in geographical research . Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers , 45 ( 1 ) : 71 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh , H. F. and Shannon , S. E. 2005 . Three approaches to qualitative content analysis . Qualitative Health Research , 15 ( 9 ) : 1277 – 1288 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kemp , K. 1996a . Fields as a framework for integrating GIS and environmental process models. Part 1: Representing spatial continuity . Transactions in GIS , 1 ( 3 ) : 219 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , K. 1996b . Fields as a framework for integrating GIS and environmental process models. Part 2: Specifying field variables . Transactions in GIS , 1 ( 3 ) : 235 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , K. K. and Goodchild , M. F. 1992 . Evaluating a major innvoation in higher education – The NCGIA core curriculum in GIS . Journal of Geography in Higher Education , 16 ( 1 ) : 21 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , H. 2006 . Understanding spatial literacy: Cognitive and curriculum perspectives . Planet: Special Issue on Threshold Concepts and Troublesome Knowledge , 17 : 26 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Land , R. , Cousin , G. , Meyer , J. H. F. and Davies , P. 2005 . “ Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge (3): Implications for course design and evaluation ” . In Improving student learning–equality and diversity , Edited by: Rust , C. 53 – 64 . Oxford : OCSLD .
   Google Scholar
• Land , R. , Meyer , J. and Smith , J. , eds. 2008 . Threshold concepts within the disciplines , Rotterdam : Sense Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J. and Bednarz , R. 2009 . Effect of GIS learning on spatial thinking . Journal of Geography in Higher Education , 33 ( 2 ) : 183 – 198 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leszczynski , A. 2009 . Quantitative limits to qualitative engagements: GIS, its critics, and the philosophical divide . The Professional Geographer , 61 ( 3 ) : 350 – 365 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , S. A. 1992 . The problem of pattern and scale in ecology . Ecology , 73 ( 6 ) : 1943 – 1967 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , S. B. and Palen , L. 2010 . The new Cartographers: Crisis map mashups and the emergence of neogeographic practice . Cartography and Geographic Information Science , 37 ( 1 ) : 69 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , M. , Golledge , R. and Battersby , S. E. 2007 . Geospatial concept understanding and recognition in G6 College Students: A preliminary argument for minimal GIS . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 97 ( 4 ) : 696 – 712 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. and Land , R. 2003 . “ Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge: Linkages to ways of thinking and practising within the disciplines ” . In Enhancing teaching-learning environments in undergraduate courses project , 1 – 12 . Edinburgh : School of Education, University of Edinburgh . Occasional Report 4
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. and Land , R. 2006 . Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge: Issues of liminality, Overcoming barriers to student understanding: Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge , 19 – 32 . Abingdon : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. H. F. and Land , R. 2005 . Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge (2): Epistemological considerations and a conceptual framework for teaching and learning . Higher Education , 49 ( 3 ) : 373 – 388 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , J. H. F. and Land , R. 2010 . “ Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge (5): Dynamics of assessment ” . In Threshold concepts and transformational , Edited by: Meyer , J. H. F. , Land , R. and Baillie , C. 61 – 79 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Mu , L. and Wang , F. 2008 . A scale-space clustering method: Mitigating the effect of scale in the analysis of zone-based data . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 98 ( 1 ) : 85 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NCGIA (2000). The NCGIA Core Curriculum in GIScience. Retrieved from http://www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/giscc/cc_outline.html
   Google Scholar
• NRC . 2010 . Strategic directions for the Geographical Sciences , Washington, DC : The National Academies Press .
   Google Scholar
• Park , E. J. , Light , G. and Mason , T. 2008 . “ Identifying threshold concepts in learning Nanoscience by using concept maps and students' responses to an open-ended interview ” . In Eighth International Conference on Learning Sciences , 109 – 110 . Utrecht : International Society of the Learning Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Pattison , W. D. 1964 . The four traditions of Geography . Journal of Geography , 63 ( 5 ) : 211 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins , D. 1999 . The many faces of constructivism . Educational Leadership , 57 ( 3 ) : 6 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peuquet , D. 1984 . A conceptual framework and comparison of spatial data models . Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization , 21 ( 4 ) : 66 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Peuquet , D. 1988 . Representations of geographic space: Toward a conceptual synthesis . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 78 ( 3 ) : 375 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QSR (2012). NVivo 9. Retrieved from http://www.qsrinternational.com
   Google Scholar
• Quattrochi , D. A. and Goodchild , M. F. 1997 . Scale in remote sensing and GIS , Boca Raton : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , P. , Taylor , C. , Hughes , C. , Whitaker , N. , Lutze-Mann , L. , Kofod , M. and Tzioumis , V. 2010 . Threshold concepts in learning Biology and Evolution . Biology International , 47 : 47 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava , S. K. 2010 . “ An assessment regime for geographical information systems to promote deep-learning approach among multidisciplinary students ” . In ATN Assessment Conference 2010: Assessment: Sustainability, Diversity and Innovation , 76 – 87 . Sydney : University of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava , S. K. and Tait , C. 2012 . An activity-based learning approach for key geographical information systems (GIS) concepts . Journal of Geography in Higher Education , 36 ( 4 ) : 527 – 545 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeyama , M. and Couclelis , H. 1997 . Map dynamics: Integrating cellular automata and GIS through Geo-Algebra . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 11 ( 1 ) : 73 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unwin , D. J. 1997 . Curriculum Design for GIS . NCGIA Core Curriculum in GIScience , Retrieved from http://www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/giscc/units/u159/u159.html
   Google Scholar
• Wright , D. J. , Goodchild , M. F. and Proctor , J. D. 1997 . Demystifying the persistent ambiguity of GIS as “Tool” versus “Science” . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 87 ( 2 ) : 346 – 362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar