572
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Symbolic resources and marketing strategies in Ontario higher education: a comparative analysis

&
Pages 143-157 | Received 22 Jan 2016, Accepted 07 May 2016, Published online: 15 Aug 2016

References

  • Alsop, Ronald J. 2004. “Corporate Reputation: Anything but Superficial – The Deep but Fragile Nature of Corporate Reputation.” Journal of Business Strategy 25 (6): 21–29. doi:10.1108/02756660410699900.
  • Armstrong, Elizabeth A., and Laura T. Hamilton. 2013. Paying for the Party: How College Maintains Inequality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Baruch, Yehuda. 2006. “On Logos, Business Cards: The Case of UK Universities.” In Artifacts and Organizations: Beyond mere Symbolism, edited by Anat Rafaeli and Michael Pratt, 181–198. New Jersey, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associatees.
  • Bélanger, Charles H., Suchita Bali, and Bernard Longden. 2014. “How Canadian Universities use Social Media to Brand Themselves.” Tertiary Education and Management 20 (1): 14–29.
  • Berg, Per-Olof. 1986. “Symbolic Management of Human Resources.” Human Resource Management 25 (4): 557–579.
  • Berg, Per Olof, and Kristian Kreiner. 1990. “Corporate Architecture: Turning Physical Settings into Symbolic Resources.” In Symbols and Artifacts: View of the Corporate Landscape, edited by Paul Gagliardi, 41–67. Hawthorne: Aldine De Gruyter.
  • Bouchard, Thomas J. 1976. “Unobtrusive Measures: An Inventory of Uses.” Sociological Methods & Research 4 (3): 267–300. doi:10.1177/004912417600400301.
  • Brint, S., M. Riddle, and R. A. Hanneman. 2006. “Reference Sets, Identities, and Aspirations in a Complex Organizational Field: The Case of American Four-Year Colleges and Universities.” Sociology of Education 79 (3): 229–252. doi:10.1177/003804070607900303.
  • Clark, Burton R. 1971. “Belief and Loyalty in College Organization.” The Journal of Higher Education 42 (6): 499–515.
  • Clark, Burton R. 1972. “The Organizational Saga in Higher Education.” Administrative Science Quarterly 17 (2): 178–184.
  • Clayton, Michael J., Kevin V. Cavanagh, and Matt Hettche. 2012. “Institutional Branding: A Content Analysis of Public Service Announcements from American Universities.” Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 22 (2): 182–205. doi:10.1080/08841241.2012.737869.
  • Clayton, Michael J., Kevin V. Cavanagh, and Matt Hettche. 2013. “The Communication of Global Citizenship through Public Service Announcements: A US Study.” Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 23 (1): 1–14. 10.1080/08841241.2013.802756
  • Connor, Susan M. 2006. “Food-Related Advertising on Preschool Television: Building Brand Recognition in Young Viewers.” Pediatrics 118 (4): 1478–1485. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2837.
  • Cudmore, Geoffrey E. 2005. “The Post-Secondary Education Choice and Excellence Act, 2000 and the Development of Private Universities and Private Post-Secondary Degrees in Ontario.” Higher Education Perspectives 1 (2): 1–23.
  • Davidson, Cliff. 2015. “The University Corporatization Shift: A Longitudinal Analysis of University Admission Handbooks, 1980 to 2010.” The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45 (2): 193–213.
  • Davies, Scott, and Linda Quirke. 2002. “The New Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: The Impact of Tuition Increases at an Ontario University.” The Canadian Journal of Higher Education 32 (3): 85–110.
  • Davies, Scott, and Linda Quirke. 2007. “The Impact of Sector on School Organizations: Institutional and Market Logics.” Sociology of Education 80: 66–89. doi:10.1177/003804070708000104.
  • Davies, Scott, and David Zarifa. 2012. “The Stratification of Universities: Structural Inequality in Canada and the United States.” Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 30 (2): 143–158. doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2011.05.003.
  • Davies, Scott, Vicky Maldonado, and David Zarifa. 2014. “Effectively Maintaining Inequality in Toronto: Predicting Student Destinations in Ontario Universities.” Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne De Sociologie 51 (1): 22–53. doi:10.1111/cars.12032.
  • Demerath, Peter. 2009. Producing Success. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 10.7208/chicago/9780226142425.001.0001
  • Dowling, Grahame. 2006. “Communicating Corporate Reputation through Stories.” California Management Review 49 (1): 82–100. doi:10.2307/41166372.
  • Frank, David, and John Meyer. 2007. “University Expansion and the Knowledge Society.” Theory and Society 36 (4): 287–311.
  • Frosch, Dominick L., Patrick M. Krueger, Robert C. Hornik, Peter F. Cronholm, and Frances K. Barg. 2007. “Creating Demand for Prescription Drugs: A Content Analysis of Television Direct-to-Consumer Advertising.” The Annals of Family Medicine 5 (1): 6–13. doi:10.1370/afm.611.
  • Gatfield, Terry, Michelle Barker, and Peter Graham. 1999. “Measuring Communication Impact for University Advertising Materials.” Corporate Communications: An International Journal 4 (2): 73–79. doi:10.1108/13563289910268106.
  • Gordon, Joye, and Susan Berhow. 2009. “University Websites and Dialogic Features for Building Relationships with Potential Students.” Public Relations Review 35: 150–152. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.11.003.
  • Harris, Michael S. 2008. “Message in a Bottle: University Advertising during Bowl Games.” Innovative Higher Education 33 (5): 285–296. doi:10.1007/s10755-008-9085-9.
  • Hemsley-Brown, Jane, and Izhar Oplatka. 2006. “Universities in a Competitive Global Marketplace: A Systematic Review of the Literature on Higher Education Marketing.” International Journal of Public Sector Management 19 (4): 316–338. doi:10.1108/09513550610669176.
  • Hermanowicz, Joseph. 2005. “Classifying Universities and their Departments: A Social World Perspective.” The Journal of Higher Education 76 (1): 26–55.
  • Hesketh, A. J., and P. T. Knight. 1999. “Postgraduates' Choice of Programme: Helping Universities to Market and Postgraduates to Choose.” Studies in Higher Education 24 (2): 151–163. doi:10.1080/03075079912331379858.
  • Hicks, Martin, Harvey Weingarten, Linda Jonker, and Shuping Liu. 2013. “No Title.” Toronto, Ontario. http://www.heqco.ca/SiteCollectionDocuments/College_Differentiation_Report.pdf.
  • Hite, Robert E., and Alisa Yearwood. 2001. “A Content Analysis of College and University Viewbook (Brochures).” College and University 76 (3): 17–21.
  • Hoegele, Daniel, Sascha L. Schmidt, and Benno Torgler. 2014. “Superstars as Drivers of Organizational Identification: Empirical Findings from Professional Soccer.” Psychology & Marketing 31 (9): 736–757. doi:10.1002/mar.20731.
  • Holloway, Donell J., and David A. Holloway. 2005. “University Logos and the Commoditisation of Higher Education.” In ANZMAC 2005 Conference: Corporate Responsibility, 34–40. Fremantle, WA. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/7950/1/University_logos.pdf.
  • Hölscher, Christoph, and Gerhard Strube. 2000. “Web Search Behavior of Internet Experts and Newbies.” Computer Networks 33 (1-6): 337–346. doi:10.1016/S1389-1286(00)00031-1.
  • Ivy, Jonathan. 2001. “Higher Education Institution Image: A Correspondence Analysis Approach.” International Journal of Educational Management 15: 276–282. doi:10.1108/09513540110401484.
  • Jansen, Bernard J., and Amanda Spink. 2003. “An Analysis of Web Documents Retrieved and Viewed.” International Conference on Internet Computing, no. June: 65–69. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi:https://doi.org/10.1.1.108.7248&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
  • Jansen, Bernard J., Amanda Spink, and Tefko Saracevic. 2000. “Real Life, Real Users, and Real Needs: A Study and Analysis of User Queries on the Web.” Information Processing and Management 36 (2): 207–227. doi:10.1016/S0306-4573(99)00056-4.
  • Jick, Todd D. 1979. “Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action.” Administrative Science Quarterly 24 (4): 602–611. doi:10.2307/2392366.
  • Klassen, Michael L. 2001. “Lots of Fun, Not Much Work, and No Hassles: Marketing Images of Higher Education.” Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 10 (2): 11–26. doi:10.1300/J050v10n02_02.
  • Klassen, Michael L. 2002. “Relationship Marketing on the Internet: The Case of Top- and Lower-Ranked US Universities and Colleges.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 9 (2): 81–85. doi:10.1016/S0969-6989(01)00028-5.
  • Kuzma, Joanne, and Warren Wright. 2013. “Using Social Networks as a Catalyst for Change in Global Higher Education Marketing and Recruiting.” International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life Long Learning 23 (1): 53–66. doi:10.1504/IJCEELL.2013.051766.
  • Laband, David N., and Robert D. Tollison. 2003. “Dry Holes in Economic Research.” Kyklos 56 (2): 161–173. 10.1111/kykl.2003.56.issue-2
  • Lackritz, James R. 2004. “Exploring Burnout among University Faculty: Incidence, Performance, and Demographic Issues.” Teaching and Teacher Education 20 (7): 713–729. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2004.07.002.
  • Lacroix, Robert, and Louis Maheu. 2015. Leading Research Universities: Autonomous Institutions in a Competitive Academic World. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s Press.
  • Lounsbury, Michael, and Mary Ann Glynn. 2001. “Cultural Entrepreneurship: Stories, Legitimacy, and the Acquisition of Resources.” Strategic Management Journal 22 (6-7): 545–564. doi:10.1002/smj.188.
  • Main, Kelly J., Jennifer J. Argo, and Bruce A. Huhmann. 2004. “Pharmaceutical Advertising in the USA: Information or Influence?” International Journal of Advertising 23 (1): 119–141.
  • Matthew Hartley, Mathew, and Christopher Christopher C. Morphew. 2008. “What’s Being Sold and to What End?: A Content Analysis of College Viewbooks.” The Journal of Higher Education 79 (6): 671–691. doi:10.1353/jhe.0.0025.
  • Metcalfe, Amy. 2010. “Revisiting Academic Capitalism in Canada: No Longer the Exception.” The Journal of Higher Education 81 (4): 489–514.
  • Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. 1977. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.” American Journal of Sociology 83 (2): 340. doi:10.1086/226550.
  • Miles, Lynden K. 2009. “Who is Approachable?” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (1): 262–266. 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.010
  • Nicholls, John, John Harris, Eleanor Morgan, Ken Clarke, and David Sims. 1995. “Marketing Higher Education: The MBA Experience.” International Journal of Educational Management 9 (2): 31–38. doi:10.1108/09513549510082369.
  • Ornstein, Suzyn. 1986. “Organizational Symbols: A Study of Their Meanings and Influences on Perceived Psychological Climate.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 38 (2): 207–229. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(86)90017-8.
  • Pizarro Milian, Roger. 2016. “Modern Campuses, Local Connections and Unconventional Symbols: Promotional Practises in the Canadian Community College Sector.” Tertiary Education and Management 22 (3): 220–232.
  • Pizarro Milian, Roger, and Linda Quirke. 2016. “Alternative Pathways to Legitimacy: The Case of Ontario For-Profit Colleges.” Journal of Marketing for Higher Education. doi:10.1080/08841241.2016.1212450.
  • Pizarro Milian, Roger, and Martin Hicks. 2014. Ontario Private Career Colleges: An Exploratory Analysis. Toronto, ON: Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario.
  • Puddephatt, Antony, and Randle Nelsen. 2010. “The Promise of a Sociology Degree in Canadian Higher Education.” Canadian Review of Sociology 47 (4): 405–430.
  • Pratt, Michael G., and Anat Rafaeli. 2001. “3. Symbols as a Language of Organizational Relationships.” Research in Organizational Behavior 23 (1999): 93–132. doi:10.1016/S0191-3085(01)23004-4.
  • Quirke, Linda. 2009. “Legitimacy through Alternate Means: Schools without Professionals in the Private Sector.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 30 (5): 621–634. doi:10.1080/01425690903115809.
  • Quirke, Linda. 2013. “Rogue Resistance: Sidestepping Isomorphic Pressures in a Patchy Institutional Field.” Organization Studies 34 (11): 1675–1699. doi:10.1177/0170840613483815.
  • Rafaeli, Anat, and Monica Worline. 2001. “Symbols in Organizational Culture.” Handbook of Organizational Culture and Climate 40 (1): 71–85.
  • Reysen, Stephen. 2006. “A New Predictor of Likeability: Laughter.” North American Journal of Psychology 8 (2): 372–382.
  • Rhodes, Gary, and Sheila Slaughter. 1997. “Academic Capitalism, Managed Professionals, and Supply-side Higher Education.” Social Text 51: 9–38.
  • Saichaie, Kem, and Christopher C. Morphew. 2014. “What College and University Websites Reveal about the Purposes of Higher Education.” The Journal of Higher Education 85 (4): 499–530. doi:10.1353/jhe.2014.0024.
  • Scott, Susanne G., and Vicki R. Lane. 2000. “A Stakeholder Approach to Organizational Identity.” The Academy of Management Review 25 (1): 43–62. doi:10.2307/259262.
  • Slaughter, Sheila, and Larry L. Leslie. 1997. Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies, and the Entrepreneurial University. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Slaughter, Sheila, and Larry L. Leslie. 2001. “Expanding and Elaborating the Concept of Academic Capitalism.” Organization 8 (2): 154–161.
  • Slaughter, Sheila, and Gary Rhoades. 2004. Academic Capitalism and the New Economy: Markets, State, and Higher Education. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
  • Stevens, Mitchell. 2015. “Introduction to Remaking College: The Changing Ecology of Higher Education.” In Remaking College: The Changing Ecology of Higher Education, edited by Michael Kirst and Mitchell Stevens, 1–18. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Thelwall, Mike, Ray Binns, Gareth Harries, Teresa Page-Kennedy, Liz Price, and David Wilkinson. 2002. “European Union Associated University Websites.” Scientometrics 53 (1): 95–111.
  • Tobolowsky, Barbara F., and John W. Lowery. 2006. “Commercializing College: An Analysis of College Representations during Bowl Games.” International Journal of Educational Advancement 6 (3): 232–242. 10.1057/palgrave.ijea.2150018
  • Tobolowsky, Barbara F., and John W. Lowery. 2014. “Selling College: A Longitudinal Study of American College Football Bowl Game Public Service Announcements.” Journal of Marketing for Higher Education 24 (1): 75–98. 10.1080/08841241.2014.911790
  • Weingarten, Harvey, Martin Hicks, Linda Jonker, and Shuping Liu. 2013. “No Title.” Toronto, Ontario. http://www.heqco.ca/SiteCollectionDocuments/HEQCO%20Diversity_ENG.pdf.
  • Will, Elizabeth M., and Coy Callison. 2006. “Web Presence of Universities: Is Higher Education Sending the Right Message Online?” Public Relations Review 32 (2): 180–183. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.02.014.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.