References
- Allwright, J., and J. Banerjee. 1997. Investigating the Accuracy of Admissions Criteria: A Case Study in A British University. Vol. 22 of Language Testing Update. Lancaster, England: International Language Testing Association Official Newsletter.
- Alsagoafi, A. 2018. “IELTS Economic Washback: A Case Study on English Major Students at King Faisal University in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.” Language Testing in Asia 8 (1): 1–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-018-0058-3.
- Archibald, A. 2001. “Targeting L2 Writing Proficiencies: Instruction and Areas of Change in Students’ Writing over Time.” International Journal of English Studies 1 (2): 153–174. http://revistas.um.es/ijes/article/view/48251
- Atherton, B. 2006. “Balancing Needs: How Successful Can a Pre-sessional Course Be?” In Assessing the Effectiveness of EAP Programmes, edited by A. Gillett and L. Wray, 14–23. London, England: BALEAP.
- Banerjee, J. 2003. “Interpreting and Using Proficiency Test Scores.” Lancaster University. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418456
- Baty, P. 2004. “Caught in Vicious Cycle of Declining Standards.” Times Higher Education. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/caught-in-vicious-cycle-of-declining-standards/192504.article
- Bool, H., D. Dunmore, and A. Tonkyn. 1999. “The BALEAP Guidelines on English Language Proficiency Levels for International Applicants to UK Universities.” BALEAP. http://www.uefap.com/baleap/testing/BALEAPTestingGuidelines1999.pdf
- British Council. 1991. International Guide to Qualifications in Education. 3rd ed. London, England: Mansell Publishing Limited.
- British Council, UCLES, and IDP Australia. 1989. An Introduction to IELTS. London, England.
- Cargill, M. 1996. “An Integrated Bridging Program for International Postgraduate Students.” Higher Education Research & Development 15 (2): 177–188. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0729436960150204.
- Clark, T., R. Spiby, and R. Tasviri. 2021. “Crisis, Collaboration, Recovery: IELTS and COVID-19.” Language Assessment Quarterly 18 (1): 17–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2020.1866575.
- Coleman, D., S. Starfield, and A. Hagan. 2003. The Attitudes of IELTS Stakeholders: Student and Staff Perceptions of IELTS in Australian, UK and Chinese Tertiary Institutions. Vol. 5 of IELTS Research Reports. IELTS Australia Pty Limited. https://www.ielts.org/-/media/research-reports/ielts_rr_volume05_report4.ashx
- Coley, M. 1999. “The English Language Entry Requirements of Australian Universities for Students of non‐English Speaking Background.” Higher Education Research & Development 18 (1): 7–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0729436990180102.
- Cownie, F., and W. Addison. 1996. “International Students and Language Support: A New Survey.” Studies in Higher Education 21 (2): 221–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079612331381378.
- Criper, C., and A. Davies. 1988. ELTS Validation Report. Cambridge, England: University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate.
- Davies, A. 2008. “Assessing Academic English Language Proficiency: 40+ Years of U.K. Language Tests.” In Language Testing Reconsidered, edited by J. Fox, M. Wesche, D. Bayliss, L. Cheng, C. E. Turner, and C. Doe, 73–86. Ottawa, Canada: University of Ottawa Press.
- Davies, A., A. Brown, C. Elder, K. Hill, T. Lumley, and T. McNamara. 1999. Dictionary of Language Testing: Studies in Language Testing. Vol. 7. Cambridge, England: UCLES/Cambridge University Press.
- Deem, R., S. Hillyard, and M. Reed. 2007. Knowledge, Higher Education, and the New Managerialism: The Changing Management of UK Universities. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Educational Counselling Service, and British Council. n.d. Code of Practice: Educational Institutions and International Students. British Council.
- Elder, C. 1993. “Language Proficiency as a Predictor of Performance in Teacher Education.” Melbourne Papers in Language Testing 2 (2): 72–95.
- Elliot, D. 1998. “Internationalizing British Higher Education: Policy Perspectives.” In The Globalization of Higher Education, edited by P. Scott, 32–43. Buckingham, England: Society for Research in Higher Education and the Open University.
- Feast, V. 2002. “The Impact of IELTS Scores on Performance at University.” International Education Journal 3 (4): 70–85. http://www.iejcomparative.org/data/volumes/v3n4.pdf
- Ferguson, G., and E. White. 1998. “A Small-scale Study of Predictive Validity.” Melbourne Papers in Language Testing 7 (2): 15–63.
- Graham, J. G. 1987. “English Language Proficiency and the Prediction of Academic Success.” TESOL Quarterly 21 (3): 505–521. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3586500.
- Green, A. 2004. Making the Grade: Score Gains on the IELTS Writing Test. Issue 16 of Research Notes. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/Images/23132-research-notes-16.pdf
- Green, A. 2005. “EAP Study Recommendations and Score Gains on the IELTS Academic Writing Test.” Assessing Writing 10 (1): 44–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asw.2005.02.002.
- Harding, L., T. Brunfaut, and J. W. Unger. 2020. “Language Testing in the ‘Hostile Environment’: The Discursive Construction of ‘Secure English Language Testing’ in the UK.” Applied Linguistics 41 (5): 662–687. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amz017.
- Harris, R. 1995. “Overseas Students in the United Kingdom University System.” Higher Education 29 (1): 77–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01384242.
- Hemsley-Brown, J. 2012. “‘The Best Education in the World’: Reality, Repetition or Cliché? International Students’ Reasons for Choosing an English University.” Studies in Higher Education 37 (8): 1005–1022. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.562286.
- HESA. 2020. “Where Do HE Students Come From?” Higher Education Statistics Agency. https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-from
- Home Office. 2011. “Reform of the Points Based Student (PBS) Immigration System: Impact Assessment (IA).” Home Office. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/257825/ia-students-.pdf
- Home Office. 2019. “Tier 4 of the Points Based System: Guidance for Sponsors.” HMSO. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/770439/Tier_4_Sponsor_Guidance_-_Doc_2_-_Sponsorship_Duties_2019-01_FINAL.pdf
- Home Office. 2020. “Student Sponsor Guidance - Document 2: Sponsorship Duties.” Home Office. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/student-sponsor-guidance
- Home Office. 2021. “Student Visa.” https://www.gov.uk/student-visa
- Howell, B., P. Nathan, D. Schmitt, C. Sinclair, J. Spencer, J. Wrigglesworth, and J. Slaght. 2012. “BALEAP Guidelines on English Language Tests for University Entry.” BALEAP. https://www.baleap.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/BALEAP_Guidelines_on_English_Language_Tests_for_University_AGM_v19_May_2012.pdf
- Howell, B., P. Nation, D. Schmitt, C. Sinclair, J. Spencer, and J. Wrigglesworth. 2020. “BALEAP Guidelines on English Language Tests for University Entry.” BALEAP. https://www.baleap.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/AUG-BALEAP-Guidelines-on-English-Language-Tests-for-University-Entry-August.pdf
- Hyatt, D. 2013. “Stakeholders’ Perceptions of IELTS as an Entry Requirement for Higher Education in the UK.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 37 (6): 844–863. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2012.684043.
- Iannelli, C., and J. Huang. 2014. “Trends in Participation and Attainment of Chinese Students in UK Higher Education.” Studies in Higher Education 39 (5): 805–822. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2012.754863.
- IELTS. 2002. The IELTS Handbook. London, England: University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, The British Council, IDP Australia.
- IELTS. 2019. “Guide for Educational Institutions, Governments, Professional Bodies and Commercial Organisations.” Cambridge Assessment English, The British Council, IDP Australia. https://www.ielts.org/-/media/publications/guide-for-institutions/ielts-guide-for-institutions-2015-uk.ashx
- Johnson, A. 2010. “Tier 4: Student Visas Review. [Statement by the Secretary of State for the Home Office to Parliament].” Hansard. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmhansrd/cm100210/wmstext/100210m0002.htm#10021062000249
- Kachru, B. 1992. The Other Tongue. 2nd ed. Chicago, United States: University of Illinois Press.
- Kaplan, R. B., and R. B. Baldauf Jr. 1997. Language Planning: From Practice to Theory. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
- Li, M., and M. Bray. 2007. “Cross-border Flows of Students for Higher Education: Push-pull Factors and Motivations of Mainland Chinese Students in Hong Kong and Macau.” Higher Education 53: 791–818. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-005-5423-3.
- Light, R. L., M. Xu, and J. Mossop. 1987. “English Proficiency and Academic Performance of International Students.” TESOL Quarterly 21 (2): 251–261. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3586734.
- Lomer, S. 2017. Recruiting International Students in Higher Education: Representations and Rationales in British Policy. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Lomer, S., V. Papatsiba, and R. Naidoo. 2018. “Constructing a National Higher Education Brand for the UK: Positional Competition and Promised Capitals.” Studies in Higher Education 43 (1): 134–153. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1157859.
- MacDonald, J. J. 2019. “Sitting at 6.5: Problematizing IELTS and Admissions to Canadian Universities.” TESL Canada Journal 36 (1): 160–171. doi:https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v36i1.1308.
- McDowall, C., and B. Merrylees. 1998. Survey of receiving institutions’ use and attitude to IELTS. Vol. 1 of IELTS Research Reports). IELTS Australia Pty Limited. https://www.ielts.org/teaching-and-research/research-reports/volume-01-report-5
- Müller, A., and M. Daller. 2019. “Predicting International Students’ Clinical and Academic Grades Using Two Language Tests (IELTS and C-test): A Correlational Research Study.” Nurse Education Today 72: 6–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.10.007.
- Murray, N. 2015. Standards of English in Higher Education: Issues, Challenges and Strategies. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
- National Audit Office. 2012. Immigration: The points based system-student route. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General on Home Office: UK Border Agency HC 1827 Session 2010–2012. National Audit Office. https://www.nao.org.uk/report/immigration-the-points-based-system-student-route/
- O’Loughlin, K. 2011. “The Interpretation and Use of Proficiency Test Scores in University Selection: How Valid and Ethical are They?” Language Assessment Quarterly 8 (2): 146–160. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2011.564698.
- Oliver, R., S. Vanderford, and E. Grote. 2012. “Evidence of English Language Proficiency and Academic Achievement of non-English-speaking Background Students.” Higher Education Research & Development 31 (4): 541–555. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2011.653958.
- Pearson, W. S. 2020. Mapping English Language Proficiency Cut-off Scores and Pre-sessional EAP Programmes in UK Higher Education. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 45: 100866. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2020.100866.
- Pearson, W. S. 2020. ‘The Predictive Validity of the Academic IELTS Test: A Methodological Synthesis.’ ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 172 (1): 85–120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.19021.pea
- Rao, C., K. McPherson, R. Chand, and V. Khan. 2003. Assessing the impact of IELTS preparation programs on candidates’ performance on the General Training reading and writing test modules. Vol. 5 of IELTS Research Reports. IELTS Australia Pty Limited. https://www.ielts.org/-/media/research-reports/ielts_rr_volume05_report5.ashx
- Read, J., and B. Hayes. 2003. The impact of IELTS on preparation for academic study in New Zealand. Vol. 4 of IELTS Research Reports. IELTS Australia Pty Limited. https://www.ielts.org/-/media/research-reports/ielts_rr_volume04_report5.ashx
- Ridley, D. 2006. “Tracking a Cohort of Pre-sessional Students at Sheffield Hallam University.” In Assessing the Effectiveness of EAP Programmes, edited by A. Gillett and L. Wray, 24–35. London, England: BALEAP.
- Shahrzad, S., J. Ma, L. May, and L. Cheng. 2019. “Complexity of Test Preparation across Three Contexts: Case Studies from Australia, Iran and China.” Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice 28 (1): 1–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2019.1700211.
- Shohamy, E. 2006. Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
- Sinclair, J., E. J. Larson, and S. Rajendram. 2019. “‘Be a Machine’: International Graduate Students’ Narratives around High-stakes English Tests.” Language Assessment Quarterly 16 (2): 236–252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2019.1628238.
- Smith, E. 2010. “Do We Need More Scientists? A Long-term View of Patterns of Participation in UK Undergraduate Science Programmes.” Cambridge Journal of Education 40 (3): 281–298. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2010.502886.
- Spolsky, B. 2004. Language Policy. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
- The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education. 1997. Higher Education in the Learning Society: Main Report. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/dearing1997/dearing1997.html
- Thorpe, A., M. Snell, S. Davey-Evans, and R. Talman. 2017. “Improving the Academic Performance of Non-native English-speaking Students: The Contribution of Pre-sessional English Language Programmes.” Higher Education Quarterly 71 (1): 5–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12109.
- UK Border Agency. 2008. “Students under the Points Based System - (Tier 4) Statement of Intent.” Home Office. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/8502/1/studentsunderthepointsbased.pdf%3Fview%3DBinary
- UK Border Agency. 2011. “Student Visas: Satement of Intent and Transitional Measures.” Home Office. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/3749/1/sop4.pdf
- UKCISA. 2018. “Support for International Students in the UK: A Benchmarking Survey.” UK Council for International Student Affairs. https://www.ukcisa.org.uk/resources_download.aspx?resourceid=161&documentid=274
- Walker, P. 2014. “International Student Policies in UK Higher Education from Colonialism to the Coalition: Developments and Consequences.” Journal of Studies in International Education 18 (4): 325–344. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315312467355.
- Wall, D., C. Clapham, and J. C. Alderson. 1994. “Evaluating a Placement Test.” Language Testing 11 (3): 321–344. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/026553229401100305.
- Williams, G. 1987. “The International Market for Overseas Students in the English-speaking World.” European Journal of Education 22 (1): 15–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1503187.
- Woodrow, L. 2006. “Academic Success of International Postgraduate Education Students and the Role of English Proficiency.” University of Sydney Papers in TESOL 1 (1): 51–70. http://faculty.edfac.usyd.edu.au/projects/usp_in_tesol/pdf/volume01/article03.pdf