1,029
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Experiences of men in the minority: understanding men’s sense of belonging studying primary education, nursing and social work in higher education

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 81-96 | Received 12 Oct 2022, Accepted 20 Sep 2023, Published online: 19 Oct 2023

References

  • AdvanceHE. 2020. “Athena Swan Charter.” Accessed March 30th, 2021 https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/equality-charters/athena-swan-charter.
  • Ahn, M. Y., and H. H. Davis. 2020. “Four Domains of students’ Sense of Belonging to University.” Studies in Higher Education 45 (3): 622–634. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1564902.
  • Akerlind, G. S. 2012. “Variation and Commonality in Phenomenographic Research Methods.” Higher Education Research & Development 31 (1): 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2011.642845.
  • Ashwin, K., and P. Trigwell. 2006. “An Exploratory Study of Situated Conceptions of Learning and Learning Environments.” Higher Education 51 (2): 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-004-6387-4.
  • Baumeister, R. F., and M. R. Leary. 1995. “The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation.” Psychological Bulletin 117 (3): 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497.
  • Bowles, T. V., and K. A. Brindle. 2017. “Identifying Facilitating Factors and Barriers to Improving Student Retention Rates in Tertiary Teaching Courses: A Systematic Review.” Higher Education Research & Development 36 (5): 903–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1264927.
  • British Educational Research Association. 2011. ”Ethical Guidelines for Educational Research.” BERA. Accessed September 21st, 2022 https://www.bera.ac.uk/publication/bera-ethical-guidelines-for-educational-research-2011.
  • Buthelezi, S. F., L. P. Fakude, P. D. Martin, and F. M. Daniels. 2015. “Clinical Learning Experiences of Male Nursing Students in a Bachelor of Nursing Programme: Strategies to Overcome Challenges: Original Research.” Curationis 38 (2). https://doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v38i2.1517.
  • Currant, N. 2020. “’My Stomach Churns’: Belonging and Strategies for Belonging for BME Students in a White University.” Doctoral dissertation., Oxford Brookes University.
  • Department for Education. 2022. “School Workforce in England.” Accessed October 3rd, 2022 https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/school-workforce-in-england.
  • Department for Education (DfE). 2022. “Children’s Social Work Workforce.” Accessed September 21st, 2022 https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/children-s-social-work-workforce.
  • Dost, G., and L. Mazzoli Smith. 2023. “Understanding Higher Education students’ Sense of Belonging: A Qualitative Meta-Ethnographic Analysis.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 47 (6): 822–849. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2023.2191176.
  • ECU (Equality Challenge Unit). 2012. “Male Students: Engagement with Academic and Pastoral Support Services.” Accessed July 29th, 2023 https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/male-students-engagement-academic-and-pastoral-support-services.
  • EIGE (European Institute of Gender Equality). 2020. “Gender Equality Index 2020.” Accessed October 3rd, 2022 https://eige.europa.eu/publications/gender-equality-index-2020-report/women-continue-gradually-outpace-men-educational-attainment.
  • Ellis, D. M., B. J. Meeker, and B. L. Hyde. 2006. “Exploring Men’s Perceived Educational Experiences in a Baccalaureate Program.” Journal of Nursing Education 45 (12): 523–527.
  • EPI (Education Policy Institute). 2020. “Trends in the Diversity of Teachers in England.” Accessed March 30th, 2021 https://epi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Trends-teacher-diversity_EPI.pdf.
  • Fernández, D. P., M. K. Ryan, and C. T. Begeny. 2023. “Recognizing the Diversity in How Students Define Belonging: Evidence of Differing Conceptualizations, Including as a Function of students’ Gender and Socioeconomic Background.” Social Psychology of Education 26 (3): 673–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09761-7.
  • Fraser, N. 1997. Justice Interruptus. London: Routledge.
  • Fraser, N. 2007. “Identity, Exclusion, and Critique: A Response to Four Critics.” European Journal of Political Theory 6 (3): 305–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474885107077319.
  • Furness, S. 2012. “Gender at Work: Characteristics of ‘Failing’ Social Work Students.” The British Journal of Social Work 42 (3): 480–499. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcr079.
  • Ganson, K. T., P. Gould, and R. Holcomb. 2020. “Exploring the Experience of Male MSW Students in the Social Work Learning Environment.” Journal of Social Work Education 58 (1): 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2020.1764892.
  • Goldberg, A. E., G. Beemyn, and J. Z. Smith. 2019. “What is Needed, What is Valued: Trans Students’ Perspectives on Trans-Inclusive Policies and Practices in Higher Education.” Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 29 (1): 27–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10474412.2018.1480376.
  • Goodenow, C. 1993. “Classroom Belonging Among Early Adolescent Students.” The Journal of Early Adolescence 13 (1): 21–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431693013001002.
  • Hagerty, B. M., J. Lynch-Sauer, K. L. Patusky, M. Bouwsema, and P. Collier. 1992. “Sense of Belonging: A Vital Mental Health Concept.” Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 6 (3): 172–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9417(92)90028-H.
  • Han, F., and R. A. Ellis. 2019. “Using Phenomenography to Tackle Key Challenges in Science Education.” Frontiers in Psychology 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01414.
  • Hearn, J. 2018. “Moving Men, Changing Men, Othering Men: Reflections on and Beyond Politics, Care and Representation.” Quaderns-E de l’Institut Català d’Antropologia [The Catalan Institute of Anthropology Quarterly] 34: 29–58. https://raco.cat/index.php/QuadernsICA/article/view/366011/460031.
  • Hearn, J. 2020. The Gender-Sensitive University. London: Routledge.
  • Heinz, M., E. Keane, and K. Davison. 2023. “Gender in Initial Teacher Education: Entry Patterns, Intersectionality and a Dialectic Rationale for Diverse Masculinities in Schooling.” European Journal of Teacher Education 46 (1): 134–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1890709.
  • HESA. 2020. “Higher Education Student Statistics: UK, 2018/19 - Subjects Studied.” Accessed March 30th, 2022 https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/16-01-2020/sb255-higher-education-student-statistics/subjects.
  • Hillman, N., and N. Robinson. 2016. “Boys to Men: The Underachievement of Young Men in Higher Education – and How to Start Tackling It.” Accessed September 21st, 2022 https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2016/05/12/3317/.
  • Hitchcock, L. 2006. “Methodology in Computing Education Research: A Focus on Experiences.” Accessed March 30th, 2020 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.679.2736&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
  • Holloway, I., and K. Galvin. 2017. “Chapter 7: Participant Observation and Documents as Sources of Data.” Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare, edited by I. Holloway, and K. Galvin, 107–123. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
  • Johnston, C., and S. Bradford. 2022. “‘Where are All the men?’ Working-Class Male Students and Care-Based Degrees.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 46 (6): 6, 753–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2021.2002283.
  • Jones, D. 2008. “Constructing Identities: Perceptions and Experiences of Male Primary Headteachers.” Early Child Development and Care 178 (7–8): 689–702. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430802352038.
  • Kriesi, I., and C. Imdorf. 2019. “Gender Segregation in Education.” In Research Handbook on the Sociology of Education, 193–212. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Labra, O., I. Chamblas, P. Turcotte, and N. Dube. 2018. “Is It a Man’s World? An Exploratory Study of Male Students in Social Work: Experiences from Chile.” British Journal of Social Work 48 (3): 769–786. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcx065.
  • Linder, C., and D. Marshall. 2003. “Reflection and Phenomenology: Towards Theoretical and Educational Development Possibilities.” Learning and Instruction 13 (3): 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4752(02)00002-6.
  • Lingard, L. 2019. “Beyond the Default Colon: Effective Use of Quotes in Qualitative Research.” Perspectives on Medical Education 8 (6): 360–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40037-019-00550-7.
  • Liu, Y., C. Yao, S. Zhao, P. Han, J. Jiang, and X. Duan. 2022. “Perspective and Experience of Male Nursing Students in 3-Year Vocational College During Their Clinical Practicum: A Qualitative Study in Shanghai, China.” Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.905200.
  • Marton, F. 1986. “Phenomenography: A Research Approach to Investigating Different Understanding of Reality.” Journal of Thought 21 (3): 28–49.
  • Marton, F., and S. A. Booth. 1997. Learning and Awareness. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Marton, F., and W. Y. Pong. 2005. “On the Unit of Description N Phenomenography.” Higher Education and Research Development 24 (4): 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360500284706.
  • Masika, R., and J. Jones. 2016. “Building Student Belonging and Engagement: Insights into Higher Education students’ Experiences of Participating and Learning Together.” Teaching in Higher Education 21 (2): 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1122585.
  • Maslow, A. H. 1968. Toward a Psychology of Being. New York: Van Nostrad.
  • McCosker, H., A. Barnard, and R. Gerber. 2004. “A Phenomenographic Study of Women’s Experiences of Domestic Violence During the Childbearing Years.” Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 9 (1): 76–88. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol9No01PPT02.
  • Meadus, R. J., and J. C. Twomey. 2011. “Men Student Nurses: The Nursing Education Experience.” Nursing Forum 46 (4): 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2011.00239.x.
  • Mills, M., W. Martino, and B. Lingard. 2004. “Attracting, Recruiting and Retaining Male Teachers: Policy Issues in the Male Teacher Debate.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 25 (3): 355–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142569042000216990.
  • Mistry, M., and K. Sood. 2015. “Why are There Still so Few Men within Early Years in Primary Schools: Views from Male Trainee Teachers and Male Leaders?” Education 3-13 43 (2): 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2012.759607.
  • NMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council). 2021. “The NMC Register.” Accessed September 21st, 2022 https://www.nmc.org.uk/about-us/reports-and-accounts/registration-statistics/.
  • Office for Students (OfS). 2018. “Differences in Student Outcomes.” Accessed February 16th, 2022 https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/data-and-analysis/differences-in-student-outcomes/sex/.
  • O’Lynn, C. E. 2004. “Gender-Based Barriers for Male Students in Nursing Education Programs: Prevalence and Perceived Importance.” Journal of Nursing Education 43 (5): 229–236. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20040501-08.
  • Parker, J., and S. A. Crabtree. 2014. “Fish Need Bicycles: An Exploration of the Perceptions of Male Social Work Students on a Qualifying Course.” The British Journal of Social Work 44 (2): 310–327. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcs117.
  • Petges, N., and C. Sabio. 2020. “Perceptions of Male Students in a Baccalaureate Nursing Programme: A Qualitative Study.” Nurse Education in Practice 48:102872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102872.
  • Pollitt, K., and J. Oldfield. 2017. “Overcoming the Odds: Exploring Barriers and Motivations for Male Trainee Primary Teachers.” Teaching and Teaching Education 62:30–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.11.003.
  • Powers, K., E. K. Herron, C. Sheeler, and A. Sain. 2018. “The Lived Experience of Being a Male Nursing Student: Implications for Student Retention and Success.” Journal of Professional Nursing 34 (6): 475–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2018.04.002.
  • Reay, D., G. Crozier, and J. Clayton. 2009. “‘Strangers in paradise’? Working-Class Students in Elite Universities.” Sociology 43 (6): 1103–1121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038509345700.
  • Roth, J. E., and C. L. Coleman. 2008. “Perceived and Real Barriers for Men Entering Nursing: Implications for Gender Diversity.” Journal of Cultural Diversity 15 (3): 148–152.
  • Russell, A., and G. Massey. 1994. “Comparison of Three Data Collection Methods for Phenomenographic Analysis.” In Phenomenography: Philosophy and Practice, edited by R. Ballantyne and C. Bruce, 333–342. Brisbane, Australia: QUT Publications and Printing.
  • Schaub, J. 2015. “Issues for Men’s Progression on English Social Work Honours and Postgraduate Degree Courses.” Social Work Education 34 (3): 315–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2014.997698.
  • Sin, S. 2010. “Considerations of Quality in Phenomenographic Research.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 9 (4): 305–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691000900401
  • Sjöström, B., and L. O. Dahlgren. 2002. “Applying Phenomenography in Nursing Research.” Nursing Journal of Advanced Nursing 40 (3): 339–345. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02375.x.
  • Skills for Care (SfC). 2018. “The State of the Adult Social Care Sector and Workforce in England.” Accessed February 23, 2021 www.skillsforcare.org.uk/stateof.
  • Stenfors-Hays, T., H. Hult, and M. A. Dahlgren. 2013. “A Phenomenographic Approach to Research in Medical Education.” Medical Education 47 (3): 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12101.
  • Strayhorn, T. L. 2019. College Students’ Sense of Belonging. Second edtn ed. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315297293.
  • SWE (Social Work England). 2023. “Social Work in England: State of the Nation.” Accessed July 18th, 2023 https://www.socialworkengland.org.uk/about/publications/social-work-in-england-state-of-the-nation/#:~:text=As%20at%2030%20November%202022,other%20areas%20of%20social%20work.
  • Thomas, L. 2012. “Building Student Engagement and Belonging in Higher Education at a Time of Change.” Paul Hamlyn Foundation. Accessed September 22, 2022 https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/building-student-engagement-and-belonging-higher-education-time-change-final-report.
  • Thornton, M. 2010. “Reducing Wastage Among Men Student Teachers in Primary Courses: A Male Club Approach.” Journal of Education for Teaching 25 (1): 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607479919664.
  • Tinto, V. 2012. Completing College: Rethinking Institutional Action. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Universities UK. 2018. “Patterns and Trends in UK Higher Education 2018.” Accessed August 25th, 2022 https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/sites/default/files/field/downloads/2021-08/patterns-and-trends-in-uk-higher-education-2018.pdf.
  • Vincent-Lancrin, S. 2008. “The Reversal of Gender Inequalities in Higher Education: An On-Going trend.” Higher Education to 2030. Vol.1 Demography, pp. 265–298. Accessed January 10th, 2022 https://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/41939699.pdf.
  • Weale, S. 2023. “London School Drops ‘Sir’ and ‘Miss’ Honorifics to Fight Cultural Misogyny.” The Guardian, 6th June, Accessed June 7th, 2023 https://www.theguardian.com/education/2023/jun/06/london-school-drops-sir-and-miss-honorifics-to-fight-cultural-misogyny.
  • Whitford, H. M., G. R. Marland, M. N. Carson, H. Bain, J. Eccles, J. L. Lee, and J. Taylor. 2020. “An Exploration of the Influences on Under-Representation of Male Pre-Registration Nursing Students.” Nurse Education Today 84:104234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104234.
  • Younas, A., A. Sundrus, H. Zeb, and J. Sommer. 2019. “A Mixed Methods Review of Male Nursing Students’ Challenges During Nursing Education and Strategies to Tackle These Challenges.” Journal of Professional Nursing 35 (4): 260–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.01.008.