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Original Articles

Older Workers and the Work-Leisure Choice: The causes of early retirement in Australia

Pages 27-36 | Published online: 15 Apr 2008

Endnotes and References

  • The ‘normal’ retirement age has gradually come to be taken as the age of eligibility under public pension systems of many industralised countries. In Australia the age of pension eligibility is sixty-five for men and sixty for women.
  • In June 1988 the overall unemployment rate was 7.4 per cent—6.9 per cent for men and 8.1 per cent for women. The labour force particlpation rate was 62.5 per cent (Short, 1988).
  • Part of the reduction in the number of service pensioners may be due to the reintroduction of an assets test in March 1985 .
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics ( 1988 ), The Labour Force, Australia (June) , (Catalogue 6203.0), Commonwealth Government Printer , Canberra , ACT.
  • Borowski , Allan , Schulz , James H. and Whiteford , Peter . 1987 . ‘Providing Adequate Retirement Income: What Role Occupational Superannuation?’ . Australian Journal on Ageing , 6 ( 1 ) February : 3 – 13 .
  • Bureau of Labour Market Research ( 1983 ), Retired, Unemployed or at Risk: Changes in the Australian Labour Market for Older Workers (Research Report No. 1), Australian Government Publishing Service , Canberra , ACT.
  • Cass , Beltina . 1986 . The Case for Review of Aspects of the Australian Social Security System , Woden : Department of Social Security . (Social Security Review Background/Discussion Paper No. 1), ACT
  • Cass , Bettina . 1988 . Income Support for the Unemployed in Australia: Towards a More Active System , Woden : Department of Social Security . (Social Security Review Issues Paper No. 4), ACT
  • Cass , Bettina , Gibson , Francis and Tito , Fiona . 1988 . Towards Enabling Policies: Income Support for People with Disabilities , Canberra : Department of Social Security . (Social Security Review Issues Paper No. 5), ACT
  • Crompton , Cathy . 1986 . Too Old for a Job, Too Young for a Pension: Income Support for Older People Out of Work , Canberra : Department of Social Security . (Social Security Review Issues Paper No. 2), ACT
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  • Maxwell , Val . 1987 . Early Retirement Policies in Large Firms: Some Management Views , Clayton, Vic. : Graduate School of Management, Monash University . (Management Paper No. 11)
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  • Metherell Mark ( 1988 ), ‘Howe Backs an Increase in the Age of Retirement’ , The Age , Thursday 28 July , p. 5 .
  • Merrilees , William J. Economic Determinants of Retirement Among Australian Men , Canberra : Bureau of Labour Market Research . (Working Paper No. 53), ACT
  • Mirkin Barry Alan ( 1987 ), ‘Early Retirement as Labour Force Policy: An International Overview’ , Monthly Labour Review , ( March ), pp. 19 – 23 .
  • Mutschler , Phyllis H. 1986 . Siren Song: The Effect of Financial Incentives on Workers' Retirement Decisions , Waltham : The Policy Center on Aging, Heller School, Brandeis University . (Working Paper No. 31), Mass
  • Myles , John . 1988 . “ ‘Postwar Capitalism and the Extension of Social Security into a Retirement Wage’ ” . In The Politics of Social Policy in the United States , Edited by: Margaret , Weir . 265 – 284 . Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press . Ann Shola Orloff and Theda Skocpol
  • O'Neill , Kiera . 1986 . ‘Retirement Decisions and Expectations: A Case Study of Older Workers in the Motor Vehicle Industry’ . Australian Journal of Social Issues , 21 ( 1 ) : 28 – 41 .
  • Robinson Pauline K. Coberly Sally Paul Caroline E. ( 1985 ), ‘Work and Retirement’ , pp. 503 – 527 in Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, , 2nd ed. , edited by Robert H. Binstock Ethel Shanas Van Nostrand Reinhold , New York .
  • Schulz and James , H. 1985 . The Economics of Aging , 3rd ed. , Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
  • Schulz James H. ( 1988 ), ‘Aging and the Labor Force,’ Science 7 ( September ), pp. 1516 – 1517 .
  • Schulz James H. Borowski Allan Crown William , in progress The Economic Impact of Population Aging: The ‘Graying’ of Australia, Japan and the United States , Policy Center on Aging , Auburn, Dover , Mass.
  • Short Michael ( 1988 ), ‘Male Jobless Rate is Lowest in Six Years’ , The Age , Friday 8 July , p. 3 .
  • Stretton Alan Williams Lynne S. ( 1985 ), ‘Labour Force Participation at Older Ages: Policy Implications from BLMR Research’ , Paper presented to the Seminar on the Economic Aspects of Ageing on April 25 held at the Faculty of Economics and Commerce , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria.
  • Stricker , Peter and Sheehan , Peter . 1981 . Hidden Unemployment: The Australian Experience , Melbourne : Institute for Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne .
  • Woodland , A.D. 1987 . ‘Determinants of the Labour Force Status of the Aged’ . The Economic Record , 63 ( 181 ) June : 97 – 114 .

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