Age-stage, two-sex life table of European red spider mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) on mulberry varieties

References

• Awmack CS, Leather SR. 2002. Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects. Annu Rev Entomol. 47:817–844.10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandstatter E. 1999. Confidence intervals as an alternative to significance testing. Math Psychol Res. 4:33–46.
   Google Scholar
• Carey JR, Bradley JW. 1982. Development rates, vital schedules, sex ratios, and life tables of Tetranychus urticae, T. turkestani and T. pacificus (Acari: Teranychidae) on cotton. Acarologia. 23:333–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi H. 1988. Life table analysis incorporated both sexes and variable development rates among individuals. Environ Entomol. 17:26–34.10.1093/ee/17.1.26
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi H. 2015. TWOSEX-MSChart: a computer program for the age stage, two sex life table, analysis. Available from: http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/Twosex.rar
   Google Scholar
• Chi H, Liu H. 1985. Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology. Bull Inst Zool Acad Sin. 24:225–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi H, Su HY. 2006. Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathametical proof of the relation between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate. Environ Entomol. 35:10–21.10.1603/0046-225X-35.1.10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dar MY, Illahi I, Agrawal OP, Mittal V, Ramegowda GK. 2011. Impact of mite infestation on mulberry leaf and silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Indian J Entomol. 73:378–381.
   Google Scholar
• Dar MY, Ramegowda GK, Rao RJ, Mittal V. 2015. Biology and demographic parameters of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on mulberry in Kaashmir valley. India Int J Zool Res. 11:76–88.
   Google Scholar
• Efron B, Tibshirani RJ. 1993. An introduction to the bootstrap. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall; p. 465.10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9
   Google Scholar
• Ehara S, Wongsiri T. 1975. The spider mites of Thailand (Acarina:Tetranychidae). Mushi. 48:149–185.
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda T. 1960. Biochemical studies on the formation of the silk protein, Part IX. The direct and indirect formation of the silk protein during the growth of the silkworm larva. Bull Agr Chem Soc Japan. 24:396–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman D... 1982. Optimal life histories, optimal notation, and the value of reproductive value. Am Nat. 119:803–823.10.1086/283956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotoh T, Ishikawa Y, Kitashima Y. 2003. Life-history traits of the six Panonychus species from Japan (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp Appl Acarol. 29:241–252.10.1023/A:1025810731386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco NM, Pereyra PC, Guillade A. 2006. Host-plant acceptance and performance of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). J Appl Entomol. 130:32–36.10.1111/jen.2006.130.issue-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardman JM, Herbert JH, Sanford KH, Hamilton D. 1985. Effect of population of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi on the apple variety red delicious in Nova Scotia. Can Entomol. 11:1257–1265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert HJ. 1981. Biology, life tables, and intrinsic rate of increase of the european red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Can Entomol. 113:65–71.10.4039/Ent11365-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YB, Chi H. 2012. Assessing the application of the jackknife and Bootstrap techniques to the estimation of variability of the net reproductive rate and gross reproductive rate: a case study in Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). J Agric For. 61:37–45.
   Google Scholar
• Jeppson LR, Keifer HH, Baker EW. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. Berkeley: University of California Press; p. 614.
   Google Scholar
• Karmakar K, Ghosh J, Senapati SK. 1998. Relative abundance and biology of European red mite P. ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) infesting mulberry. Environ Eco. 16:101–104.
   Google Scholar
• Kondo A, Takafuji A. 1985. Resource utilization pattern of two species of tetranychid mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Res Popul Ecol. 27:145–157.10.1007/BF02515487
   Google Scholar
• Kumar R, Bhalla OP. 1993. An epidemic outbreak of P. ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) in apple orchards of Himachal Pradesh, India. Curr Sci. 64:709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musa PD, Ren SX. 2005. Development and reproduction of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Alevrodidae) on three bean species. Insect Sci. 12:25–30.10.1111/j.1672-9609.2005.00004.x
   Google Scholar
• Narayanaswamy KC, Geethabai M, Raghuraman R. 1996. Mite pests of mulberry- a review. Ind J Seric. 35:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ode PJ. 2006. Plant chemistry and natural enemy fitness: effect on herbivore and natural enemy interactions. Annu Rev Entomol. 51:163–185.10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osakabe M, Kobayashi S, Ashihara W. 1990. Development of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), on mulberry and some other plants. Appl Entomol Zool. 25:326–328.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papp J, Jenser G, Haltrich A. 2001. Effect of nitrogen supply on the population of European red mite and Green apple aphid in an IPM apple orchards. Acta Hort. 564:407–412.10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.564.50
   Google Scholar
• Peters KM, Berry RE. 1980a. Resistance of hop verities to two spotted spider mite. J Econ Entomol. 73:232–234.10.1093/jee/73.2.232
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters KM, Berry RE. 1980b. Effect of hop leaf morphology on two spotted spider mite. J Econ Entomol. 73:235–238.10.1093/jee/73.2.235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramegowda GK, Dar MY, Mittal V, Ahmed SN, Guruswamy D, Illahi I, Agarwal OP, Dhar A. 2012. Preliminary studies on the effect of mite damaged mulberry leaves on performance of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Mun Ento Zool. 7:926–930.
   Google Scholar
• Razmjou J, Tavakkoli H, Nemati M. 2009. Life history traits of Tetranychus urticae Koch on three legumes (Acari: Tetranychidae). Mun Ento Zool. 4:204–211.
   Google Scholar
• Reddy DNR, Narayanaswamy KC. 1999. Present status of the thrips infesting mulberry. Ind J Seric. 38:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Sabelis MW. 1981. Biological control of two spotted spider mite using Phytoseiid predators. Part I. Modelling the predator – prey interaction at the individual level. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation; p. 248.
   Google Scholar
• Sabelis MW. 1985. Reproduction strategies. In: Helle W, Sabelis MW, editors. Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol IA. Amsterdam: Elsevier, world crop pests; p. 265–278.
   Google Scholar
• Sabelis MW. 1991. Life history evolution of spider mites. In: Schuster R, Murphy PW, editors. The Acari reproduction, development and life history stragies. London: Chapman and Hall; p. 165–178.
   Google Scholar
• Skorupska A. 2004. Resistance of apple cultivars to two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tatranychidae) part II. Influence of leaf pubescence of selected apple cultivars on fecundity of two spotted spider mite. J Plant Proct Res. 44:69–74.
   Google Scholar
• Southwood TRE. 1978. Ecological methods. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Srivastava A, Elangovan V. 2011. Nutritive content of different varieties mulberry leaves. IJSN. 2:254–258.
   Google Scholar
• Tanigoshi LK, Davis RW. 1978. An ultrastructural study of Tetranychus macdanieli feeding injury to the leaves of ‘red delicious’ apple (Acari:Tetranychidae). Int J Acarol. 4:47–51.10.1080/01647957808683098
   Google Scholar
• Ullah MS, Gotoh T, Lim UT. 2014. Life history of three phytophagous spider mites, Tetranychus piercei, T. Truncates and T. Bambusae (Acari: Tetranychidae). J Asia Pac Entomol. 17:767–773.10.1016/j.aspen.2014.07.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Boom CEM, van Beek TA, Dicke M. 2003. Differences among plant species in acceptance by the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. J Appl Entomol. 127:177–183.10.1046/j.1439-0418.2003.00726.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Lenteren JC, Noldus LPJJ. 1990. Whitefy plant relationship, behavioural and ecological whitefly their bionomics. In: Gerling D, editor. Past status and management. Andover: Intercept; p. 47–89.
   Google Scholar
• Yin WD, Qiu GS, Yan WT, Sun LN, Zhang HJ, Ma CS, Adaobi UP. 2013. Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae), on different apple varieties. J Econ Entomol. 106:2118–2125.10.1603/EC12491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar