The synergistic effects of Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14 and Bacillus subtilis AAUB95 on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) growth performance and control of chocolate spot compared to chemical fungicides under greenhouse conditions

References

• Abdel-Kader M, S. El-Mougy N, D. E. Aly M, M. Lashin S, Abdel-Kareem F. 2012. Greenhouse biological approach for controlling foliar diseases of some vegetables. ALS. 2(4):98–103.
   Google Scholar
• Abo-Hegazy SRE, F. El-Bada N, Mazen MM, Abd El-Men H. 2012. Evaluation of some faba bean genotypes against chocolate spot disease using cDNA fragments of chitinase gene and some traditional methods. Asian J Agricult Res. 6(2):60–72.
   Google Scholar
• Ahemad M, Khan MS. 2012. Alleviation of fungicide-induced phytotoxicity in greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] using fungicide-tolerant and plant growth promoting Pseudomonas strain. Saudi J Biol Sci. 19(4):451–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechtaoui N, Raklami A, Benidire L, Tahiri A, Göttfert M, Oufdou K. 2020. Effects of PGPR co-inoculation on growth, phosphorus nutrition and phosphatase/phytase activities of faba bean under different phosphorus availability conditions. Pol J Environ Stud. 29 (2):1557–1565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behairy MH, Sobhy HM, Abbas MS, Abada KA, Mourad MY. 2014. Alternaria leaf spot disease control on faba bean in Egypt. J Plant Prot and Path Mansoura Univ. 5 (1):119–130.
   Google Scholar
• Benidire L, Lahrouni M, E, Khalloufi F, Göttfert M, Oufdou K. 2017. Effects of Rhizobium leguminosarum inoculation on growth, nitrogen uptake and mineral assimilation in Vicia faba plants under salinity stress. J Agr Sci Tech. 19:889–901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson JA, Pande S, Bretag TW, Lindbeck KD, Krishna-Kishore G. 2007. Biology and management of Botrytis spp. in legume crops. p. 303–307. In: Elad Y, William-son B, Tudzynski P., Delen N. editor. Botrytis: Biology, pathology and control. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Elkoca E, Kantar F, Sahin F. 2007. Influence of nitrogen fixing and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the nodulation, plant growth, and yield of chickpea. J Plant Nutr. 31(1):157–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sayed AS, Rania ZE, Ismail AI. 2011. Fungicidal management of chocolate spot of faba bean and assessment of yield losses due to the disease. Ann Agricult Sci. 56:27–35.
   Google Scholar
• Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research 2018. Faba bean production guideline. Guideline prepared for development agents, agricultural experts, farmers and seed producers. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: EIAR.
   Google Scholar
• Firdu Z, Alemu T, Assefa F. 2020. Field performance of Trichoderma harzianum AAUT14 and Bacillus subtilis AAUB95 on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) growth promotion and management of chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.). IJPSS. 32(12):35–45.
   Google Scholar
• Gullino ML, Gilardi G, Garibaldi A. 2017. Evaluating severity of leaf spot of lettuce, caused by Allophoma tropica, under a climate change scenario. Phytopathol Mediterranea. 56(2):235–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanounik SB. 1986. Screening techniques for disease resistance in faba beans. Int Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).
   Google Scholar
• Hanounik SB, Hasanain MA. 1986. Inhibition of Botrytis fabae in the phyllosphere of Vicia faba leaves. FABIS Newsletter. 16:41–44.
   Google Scholar
• Harris RW. 1992. Root-shoot ratios. J Arboricult. 18(1):39–42.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan MEM, Abd El-Rahman SS, El-Abbassi IH, Mikhail MS. 2006. Inducing resistance against faba bean chocolate spot disease. Egypt J Phytopathol. 34:69–79.
   Google Scholar
• Kora D, Temam H, Seid A. 2017. Management of chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae L.) on faba bean in Bale highlands, Ethiopia. J Plant Sci. 5(4):120–129.
   Google Scholar
• Maketon M, Apisitsantikul J, Siriraweekul C. 2008. Greenhouse evaluation of Bacillus subtilis AP-01 and Trichoderma harzianum AP-001 in controlling tobacco diseases. Braz J Microbiol. 39(2):296–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed HA, Aly HA, Wadia FH. 1994. The antagonistic effect of faba bean phylloplane to Botrytis fabae Sard. Egypt J Agric Res. 72(3):645–654.
   Google Scholar
• Motsara MR, Roy RN. 2008. Guide to laboratory establishment for plant nutrient analysis. In FAO fertilizer and plant nutrition Bulletin. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, p. 219.
   Google Scholar
• Muthomi JW, Otieno PE, Chemining GN, Nderitu JH, Wagacha JM. 2007. The effects of legume root pathogens and fungicide seed treatment on nodulation and biomass accumulation. J Biol Sci. 7(7):1163–1170.
   Google Scholar
• Navaneetha T, Prasad RD, Venkateswara RL. 2015. Liquid formulation of Trichoderma species for management of gray mold in castor (Ricinus communis L.) and alternariaster leaf blight in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Biofertil Biopestici. 6:149.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson DW, Sommers LE. 1973. Determination of total nitrogen in plant material. Agronj. 65(1):109–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saber WIA, Abd El-Hai KM, Ghoneem KM. 2009. Synergistic effect of Trichoderma and Rhizobium on both biocontrol of chocolate spot disease and induction of nodulation, physiological activities and productivity of Vicia faba. Res J Microbiol. 4(8):286–300.
   Google Scholar
• Sahile S, Fininsa C, Sakhuja PK, Seid A. 2009. Evaluation of pathogenic isolates in Ethiopia for the control of chocolate spot in faba bean. Afr J Crop Sci. 17(4):187–197.
   Google Scholar
• Sahile S, Fininsa C, Sakhuja PK, Ahmed S. 2010. Yield loss of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) due to chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) in sole and mixed cropping systems in Ethiopia. Arch Phytopathol Plant Prot. 43(12):1144–1159.
   Google Scholar
• Sahile S, Sakhuja PK, Fininsa C, Seid A. 2011. Potential antagonistic fungal species from Ethiopia for biological control of chocolate spot disease of faba bean. J African Crop Sci. 19(3):213–225.
   Google Scholar
• Sharga BM. 1997. Bacillus isolates as potential biocontrol agents against chocolate spot on faba beans. Can J Microbiol. 43(10):915–924.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teshome E, Fininsa C, Samuel S. 2013. In vivo assay for antagonistic potential of fungal isolates against faba bean (Vicia faba L.) chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.). Jordan J Biol Sci. 6(3):183–189.
   Google Scholar