Teaching citizenship in the faith school: qualitative evidence from separate schools in Northern Ireland

References

• Aboud, F. E. 1988. Children and Prejudice. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Abrams, D., A. Rutland, J. Pelletier, and J. Ferrell. 2009. “Children’s Group Nous: Understanding and Applying Peer Exclusion within and between Groups.” Child Development 80 (1): 224–243. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01256.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akenson, D. H. 1973. Education and Enmity: Control of Schooling in Northern Ireland, 1920-50. Belfast: Queen’s University of Belfast, Institute of Irish Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Arlow, M. 2012. “Education for Local and Global Citizenship: The Northern Ireland Experience.” In Education for Global Citizenship, 255–314. Doha: Qatar Education Above All.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, A. 2000. “Empowering Pedagogies that Enhance the Learning of Multicultural Students.” Teachers College Record 102 (6): 1006–1034. doi: 10.1111/0161-4681.00090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks, J. A. 2001. “Citizenship Education and Diversity: Implications for Teacher Education.” Journal of Teacher Education 52 (1): 5–16. doi: 10.1177/0022487101052001002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, R. 2015. “Now I See it, Now I Don’t: Researcher’s Position and Reflexivity in Qualitative Research.” Qualitative Research 15 (2): 219–234. doi: 10.1177/1468794112468475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigler, R., and L. S. Liben. 2007. “Developmental Intergroup Theory: Explaining and Reducing Children’s Social Stereotyping and Prejudice.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 16 (3): 162–166. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00496.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Buckland, P. 1981. A History of Northern Ireland. Dublin: Irish Books & Media.
   Google Scholar
• Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment (CCEA). 2007. Learning for Life and Work: Local and Global Citizenship minimum requirement. http://ccea.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/curriculum/area_of_learning/learning_life_work/local_global_citz/ks3_citizenship.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• DeJaeghere, J. 2009. “Critical Citizenship Education for Multicultural Societies.” Inter-American Journal of Education for Democracy 2 (2): 222–236.
   Google Scholar
• Donnelly, C. 2004. “What Price Harmony? Teachers’ Methods of Delivering an Ethos of Tolerance and Respect for Diversity in an Integrated School in Northern Ireland.” Educational Research 46 (1): 3–16. doi: 10.1080/0013188042000178782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn, S. 1990. “A History of Education in Northern Ireland since 1920.” In Fifteenth Report of the Standing Advisory Commission on Human Rights Report for 1989-90, 55–95. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Erikson, E. 1966. “Ontogeny of Ritualization in Man.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences 251 (772): 337–349.
   Google Scholar
• Erikson, E. 1985. “Pseudospeciation in the Nuclear Age.” Political Psychology 6 (2): 213–217. doi: 10.2307/3790901
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinberg, W. 2014. “Religious Education in a Time of Globalization and Pluralism: The Example of the United States.” In International Handbook of Learning, Teaching and Leading in Faith-Based Schools, edited by J. Chapman, S. McNamara, M. Reiss and Y. Waghid, 489–499. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan, C. A., J. M. Bowes, B. Jonsson, B. Csapo, and E. Sheblanova. 1998. “Ties that Bind: Correlates of Adolescents’ Civic Commitments in Seven Countries.” Journal of Social Issues 54: 457–475. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01230.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher, E., and E. Cairns. 2011. “National Identity and In-group/Out-group Attitudes: Catholic and Protestant Children in Northern Ireland.” European Journal of Developmental Psychology 8 (1): 58–73. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2010.533977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamage, S. 2008. “Current Thinking about Critical Multicultural and Critical Race Theory in Education.” In Interrogating Commonsense: Teaching for Social Justice, edited by I. Soliman, 11–131. Sydney: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Garry, J., and K. McNicholl. 2014/15. “Understanding the Northern Irish Identity.” Knowledge Exchange Seminar Series (KESS) NI Assembly.
   Google Scholar
• Geboers, E., F. Geijsel, W. Admiraal, and G. T. Dam. 2013. “Review of the Effects of Citizenship Education.” Educational Research Review 9: 158–173. doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2012.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace, G. 2003. “Educational Studies and Faith-based Schooling: Moving from Prejudice to Evidence-based Argument.” British Journal of Educational Studies 51 (2): 149–167. doi: 10.1111/1467-8527.t01-1-00231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halstead, J. 2009. “In Defence of Faith Schools.” In Faith in Education: A Tribute to Terence McLaughlin, edited by G. Haydon, 46–67. London: Institute of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Halstead, J., and T. McLaughlin. 2005. “Are Faith Schools Divisive?” In Faith Schools: Consensus or Conflict?, edited by R. Gardner, J. Cairns and D. Lawton, 61–73. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
   Google Scholar
• Hanna, H. 2017. “Dealing with Difference in the Divided Educational Context: Balancing Freedom of Expression and Non-discrimination in Northern Ireland and Israel.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 47 (1): 17–31. doi: 10.1080/03057925.2015.1119649
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, R. 1986. Prejudice and Tolerance in Ulster: A Study of Neighbours and “Strangers” in a Border Community. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heater, D. 2001. “The History of Citizenship Education in England.” The Curriculum Journal 12 (1): 103–123. doi: 10.1080/09585170122713
   Google Scholar
• Hewstone, M. 2003. “Intergroup Contact: Panacea for Prejudice?” The Psychologist 16 (7): 352–355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewstone, M., S. Lolliot, H. Swart, E. Myers, A. Voci, A. Al Ramiah, and E. Cairns. 2014. “Intergroup Contact and Intergroup Conflict.” Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 20 (1): 39–53. doi: 10.1037/a0035582
   Google Scholar
• Holley, L., and S. Steiner. 2005. “Safe Space: Student Perspectives on Classroom Environment.” Journal of Social Work Education 41 (1): 49–64. doi: 10.5175/JSWE.2005.200300343
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, J. 2011. “Are Separate Schools Divisive? A Case Study from Northern Ireland.” British Educational Research Journal 37 (5): 829–850. doi: 10.1080/01411926.2010.506943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judge, H. 2001. “Faith-based Schools and State Funding: A Partial Argument.” Oxford Review of Education 27 (4): 463–474. doi: 10.1080/03054980120086185
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, A. 1992. “Group Child Interviews as a Research Tool.” British Educational Research Journal 18 (4): 413–421. doi: 10.1080/0141192920180407
   Google Scholar
• McEvoy, L. 2007. “Beneath the Rhetoric: Policy Approximation and Citizenship Education in Northern Ireland.” Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 2 (2): 135–157. doi: 10.1177/1746197907077047
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, C. 2003. “Protestant Identification and Political Change in Northern Ireland.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 26 (4): 612–631. doi: 10.1080/0141987032000087334
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, D. 1996. “Focus Groups.” Annual Review of Sociology 22: 129–152. doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.22.1.129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, D. 1985. Worlds Apart: Segregated Schools in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Appletree.
   Google Scholar
• Nesdale, D., A. Maass, K. Durkin, and J. Griffiths. 2005. “Group Norms, Threat, and Children’s Racial Prejudice.” Child Development 76 (3): 652–663. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00869.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICIE. 2012. “Statement of Principles.” http://www.nicie.org/about-us/nicie/statement-of-principles/.
   Google Scholar
• Niens, U., and E. Cairns. 2005. “Conflict, Contact, and Education in Northern Ireland.” Theory into Practice 44 (4): 337–344. doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4404_7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niens, U., U. O’Connor, and A. Smith. 2013. “Citizenship Education in Divided Societies: Teachers’ Perspectives in Northern Ireland.” Citizenship Studies 17 (1): 128–141. doi: 10.1080/13621025.2012.716214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor, U., K. Beattie, and U. Niens. 2008. An Evaluation of the Introduction of Local and Global Citizenship to the Northern Ireland Curriculum CCEA. Coleraine: University of Ulster Coleraine, UNESCO Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Parker-Jenkins, M. 2014. “Identity, Belief and Cultural Sustainability: A Case-study of the Experiences of Jewish and Muslim Schools in the UK.” In International Handbook of Learning, Teaching and Leading in Faith-based Schools, edited by J. Chapman, S. McNamara, M. Reiss, and Y. Waghid, 157–176. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T., L. Tropp, U. Wagner, and O. Christ. 2011. “Recent Advances in Intergroup Contact Theory.” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 35 (3): 271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.03.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, N. 1997. “Education for Mutual Understanding and Cultural Heritage.” http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/emu/emuback.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Sale, J. E. M., L. H. Lohfeld, and K. Brazil. 2002. “Revisiting the Quantitative-qualitative Debate: Implications for Mixed-methods Research.” Quality and Quantity 36 (1): 43–53. doi: 10.1023/A:1014301607592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short, G. 2003. “Faith Schools and Social Cohesion: Opening up the Debate.” British Journal of Religious Education 25 (2): 129–141. doi: 10.1080/0141620030250205
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. 2003. “Citizenship Education in Northern Ireland: Beyond National Identity?” Cambridge Journal of Education 33 (1): 15–32. doi: 10.1080/0305764032000064631
   Google Scholar
• Southern, N. 2007. “Britishness, ‘Ulsterness’ and Unionist Identity in Northern Ireland.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 13 (1): 71–102. doi: 10.1080/13537110601155783
   Google Scholar
• Todd, J., N. Rougier, T. O’Keefe, and L. Cañás Bottos. 2009. “Does Being Protestant Matter? Protestants, Minorities and the Re-making of Ethno-religious Identity after the Good Friday Agreement.” National Identities 11 (1): 87–99. doi: 10.1080/14608940802680912
   Google Scholar
• Tonge, J. 2015. “Shared Identity and the End of Conflict? How Far Has a Common Sense of Northern Irishness Replaced British or Irish Allegiances since the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.” Irish Political Studies 30 (2): 276–298. doi: 10.1080/07907184.2015.1023716
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Driel, B., M. Darmody, and J. Kerzil. 2016. “Education Policies and Practices to Foster Tolerance, Respect for Diversity and Civic Responsibility in Children and Young People in the EU.” NESET II report Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
   Google Scholar
• Veugelers, W. 2011. “Theory and Practice of Citizenship Education the Case of Policy, Science and Education in the Netherlands.” Revista de Educación, número extraordinario 2011: 209–224.
   Google Scholar