Assessment of GC–MS response of selected pesticides in apple matrices related to matrix concentration

References

• Pang, G.F.; Fan, C.L.; Chang, Q.Y.; Yang, F.; Cao, Y.Z. Matrix effect for determination of pesticide residues in tea. In Analysis of Pesticide in Tea, Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Methodology; Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2018; 535–595.
   Google Scholar
• de Sousa, F. A.; Costa, A. I. G.; de Queiroz, M. E. L. R.; Teófilo, R. F.; de Pinho, G. P.; Neves, A. A. Influence of pH and matrix components in the chromatographic response of pesticides. Chromatographia 2013, 76, 67–73. DOI:10.1007/s10337-012-2365-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sousa, F. A.; Guido Costa, A. I.; de Queiroz, M. E. L. R.; Teófilo, R. F.; Neves, A. A.; de Pinho, G. P. Evaluation of matrix effect on the GC response of eleven pesticides by PCA. Food Chem. 2012, 135, 179–185. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norli, H. R.; Christiansen, A. L.; Stuveseth, K. Analysis of non-cleaned QuEChERS extracts for the determination of pesticide residues in fruit, vegetables and cereals by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit. Contam. A 2015, 33, 1–13. DOI:10.1080/19440049.2015.1124292.
   Google Scholar
• Tiryaki, O. Validation of QuEChERS method for the determination of some pesticide residues in two apple varieties. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 2016, 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. A.; El-Aty, A. M. A.; Rahman, M. M.; Jeong, J. H.; Shin, H. C.; Wang, J.; Shin, S. S.; Shim, J. H. Method development, matrix effect, and risk assessment of 49 multiclass pesticides in kiwifruit using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 2018, 1076, 130–138. DOI:10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pano-Farias, N. S.; Ceballos-Magaña, S. G.; Muñiz-Valencia, R.; Gonzalez, J. Validation and assessment of matrix effect and uncertainty of a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method for pesticides in papaya and avocado samples. J. Food Drug. Anal. 2017, 25, 501–509. DOI:10.1016/j.jfda.2016.09.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uclés, S.; Lozano, A.; Sosa, A.; Parrilla Vázquez, P.; Valverde, A.; Fernández-Alba, A. R. Matrix interference evaluation employing GC and LC coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017, 174, 72–81. DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacinti, G.; Raynaud, C.; Capblancq, S.; Simon, V. Evaluation and prevention of the negative matrix effect of terpenoids on pesticides in apples quantification by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017, 1483, 8–19. DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvestro, L.; Tarcomnicu, I.; Savu, S. R. Matrix effects in mass spectrometry combined with separation methods – comparison HPLC, GC and discussion on methods to control these effects. In Tandem Mass Spectrometry – Molecular Characterization; Coelho, A.V., Ed.; IntechOpen: London, 2013; pp 3–37.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuchiyama, T.; Katsuhara, M.; Nakajima, M. Compensation of matrix effects in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides using a combination of matrix matching and multiple isotopically labeled internal standards. J Chromatogr A 2017, 1524, 233–245. DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y.; Chen, X.; Fan, C.; Pang, G. Compensation for matrix effects in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 186 pesticides in tea matrices using analyte protectants. J Chromatogr A 2012, 1266, 131–142. DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer, C.; Lozano, A.; Agüera, A.; Jiménez Girón, A.; Fernández-Alba, A. R. Overcoming matrix effects using the dilution approach in multiresidue methods for fruits and vegetables. J Chromatogr A 2011, 1218, 7634–7639. DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J.; Gao, H.; Zhao, L.; Liao, X.; Chen, F.; Wang, Z.; Hu, X. Chemical compositional characterization of some apple cultivars. Food. Chem. 2007, 103, 88–93. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persic, M.; Mikulic-Petkovsek, M.; Slatnar, A.; Veberic, R. Chemical composition of apple fruit, juice and pomace and the correlation between phenolic content, enzymatic activity and browning. LWT—Food Sci. Technol. 2017, 82, 23–31. DOI:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Łata, B.; Trampczynska, A.; Paczesna, J. Cultivar variation in apple peel and whole fruit phenolic composition. Sci. Hortic. 2009, 121, 176–181. DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.01.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raudone, L.; Raudonis, R.; Liaudanskas, M.; Janulis, V.; Viskelis, P. Phenolic antioxidant profiles in the whole fruit, flesh and peel of apple cultivars grown in Lithuania. Sci. Hortic. 2017, 216, 186–192. DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.01.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campeanu, G.; Neata, G.; Darjanschi, G. Chemical composition of the fruits of several apple cultivars growth as biological crop. Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca 2009, 37, 161–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado-Pelayo, R.; Gallardo-Guerrero, L.; Hornero-Méndez, D. Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in the peel and flesh of commercial apple fruit varieties. Food Res. Int. 2014, 65, 272–281. DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalinowska, M.; Bielawska, A.; Lewandowska-Siwkiewicz, H.; Priebe, W.; Lewandowski, W. Apples: content of phenolic compounds vs. variety, part of apple and cultivation model, extraction of phenolic compounds, biological properties. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2014, 84, 169–188. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.09.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grahovac, M.; Indjic, D.; Tanovic, B.; Lazic, S.; Vukovic, S.; Hrustic, J.; Gvozdenac, S. Integrated management of causal agents of postharvest fruit rot of apple. Pestic. Phytomed. 2011, 26, 289–299. DOI:10.2298/PIF1104289G.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, B.; Thewes, F. R.; Rogerio De Oliveira, A.; Brackmann, A.; Barin, J. S.; Cichoski, A. J.; Wagner, R. Development of dispersive solvent extraction method to determine the chemical composition of apple peel wax. Food Res. Int. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.080
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erney, D. R.; Gillespie, A. M.; Gilvydis, D. M.; Poole, C. F. Explanation of the matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement of organophosphorus pesticides during open tubular column gas chromatography with splitless or hot on-column injection and flame photometric detection. J. Chromatogr. A 1993, 638, 57–63. DOI:10.1016/0021-9673(93)85007-T.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. Method Validation & Quality Control Procedures for Pesticide Residues Analysis in Food & Feed: SANTE/11813/2017. Available at www.eurl-pesticides.eu/docs/public/tmplt_article.asp?CntID=727&LabID=100&Lang=EN (accessed Sept 2018)
   Google Scholar