Rerefences
- Dean, R. A.; Talbot, N. J.; Ebbole, D. J.; Farman, M. L.; Mitchell, T. K.; Orbach, M. J.; Thon, M.; Kulkarni, R.; Xu, J.; Pan, H.; et al. The Genome Sequence of the Rice Blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Nature 2005, 434, 980–986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03449.
- Zhou, J. M. Plant Pathology: A Life and Death Struggle in Rice Blast Desease. Curr. Biol. 2016, 26, R843–R858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.038.
- Elamawi, R. M.; Mostafa, F. A.; El-Shafey, R. A. S. Monitoring of Tricyclazole and Isoprothiolane Residues and Their Effects on Blast Disease, Yield and Its Components, Grain Quality and Chemical Components of Rice. J. Plant Prot. Path. 2018, 9, 557–566.
- ABAG – Brazilian Agribusiness Association. Informativo ABAG 110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/JPPP.2018.43760. Available at http://www.abag.com.br/sala_imprensa/interna/abag-brasil-defensivos (accessed Jan 10, 2020).
- Nikou, D.; Malandrakis, A.; Konstantakaki, M.; Vontas, J.; Markoglou, A.; Ziogas, B. Molecular Characterization and Detection of Overexpressed C‐14 Alpha‐Demethylase‐Based DMI Resistance in Cercospora beticola Field Isolates. Pestic. Biochem. Phys. 2009, 95, 18–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.04.014.
- Becher, R.; Hettwer, U.; Karlovsky, P.; Deising, H. B.; Wirsel, S. G. R. Adaptation of Fusarium graminearum to Tebuconazole Yielded Descendants Diverging for Levels of Fitness, Fungicideresistance, Virulence, and Mycotoxin Production. Phytopathology 2010, 100, 444–453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-100-5-0444.
- Kim, J.-M.; Hong, S.-K.; Kim, W.-G.; Lee, Y.-K.; Yu, S.-H.; Choi, H.-W. Fungicide Resistence of Gibberella fujikuroi Isolates Causing Rice Bakanae Disease and Their Progeny Isolates. Kor. J. Mycol. 2010, 38, 75–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2010.38.1.075.
- Chapman, K. S.; Sundin, G. W.; Beckerman, J. L. Identification of Resistance to Multiple Fungicides in Field Populations of Venturia inaequalis. Plant Dis. 2011, 95, 921–926. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-10-0899.
- Shi, H.; Wu, H.; Zhang, C.; Shen, X. Monitoring and Characterization of Resistance Development of Strawberry Phomopsis Leaf Blight to Fungicides. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2013, 135, 655–660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-012-0102-6.
- Hellin, P.; Scauflaire, J.; Van-Hese, V.; Munaut, F.; Legrève, A. Sensitivity of Fusarium culmorum to Triazoles: Impact of Trichothecene Chemotypes, Oxidative Stress Response and Genetic Diversity. Pest Manag. Sci. 2017, 73, 1244–1252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4450.
- Arabiat, S.; Khan, M. F. R.; Bolton, M.; Secor, G. Stability of Tetraconazole-Resistant Isolates of Cercospora beticola after Exposure to Diferente Temperature and Time Treatments. J. Plant Pathol. 2017, 99, 177–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4454/jpp.v99i1.3788.
- Rupp, S.; Weber, R. W. S.; Rieger, D.; Detzel, P.; Hahn, M. Spread of Botrytis cinerea Strains with Multiple Fungicide Resistance in German Horticulture. Front. Microbiol. 2016, 7, 2075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02075.
- Li, H. X.; Nuckols, T. A.; Harris, D.; Stevenson, K. L.; Brewer, M. T. Differences in Fungicide Resistance Profiles and Multiple Resistance to a Quinone-outside Inhibitor (QoI), Two Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors (SDHI), and a Demethylation Inhibitor (DMI) for Two Stagonosporopsis Species Causing Gummy Stem Blight of Cucurbits. Pest Manag. Sci. 2019, 75, 3093–3101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5426.
- Weber, R. W. S.; Hahn, M. Grey Mould Disease of Strawberry in Northern Germany: Causal Agents, Fungicide Resistance and Management Strategies. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2019, 103, 1589–1597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-09590-1.
- Prabhu, A. S. Misturas de cultivares no controle de brusone nas panículas em arroz de sequeiro. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 1990, 25, 1183–1192.
- Ishiguro, K.; Takechi, S.; Hashimoto, A. Behavior os Tricyclazole Residue on Rice Lives and Its Efficacy for Rice Leaf Blast Controle in the Field. Jpn. J. Phytopathol. 1992, 58, 259–266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.58.259.
- Filippi, M. C.; Prabhu, A. S. Integrated Effect of Host Plant Resistance and Fungicidal Seed Treatment on Rice Blast Control in Brazil. Plant Dis. 1997, 81, 351–351. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.4.351.
- Lobo, V. L. S. Efeito do tratamento químico de sementes de arroz no controle de brusone nas folhas e na qualidade sanitária e fisiológica das sementes. Trop. Plant Pathol. 2008, 33, 162–166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1982-56762008000200012.
- FRAC – Fungicide Resistance Action Commitee. FRAC Mode of Action Groups for Recommendations. Available at <http://www.frac.info/docs/default-source/publications/pathogenrisk/pathogen-risk-list.pdf?sfvrsn=669d419a_8 (accessed Apr 28, 2020).
- AGROFIT. Sistema de agrotóxicos fitossanitários. Available at http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumosagricolas/agrotoxicos/agrofit (accessed 2021).
- Scheuermann, K.; Eberhardt, D. S. Avaliação de fungicidas Para o controle da brusone de panícula na cultura do arroz irrigado. Rev. Ciências Agrovet. 2011, 10, 23–28.
- Sawada, H.; Sugihara, M.; Takagaki, M.; Nagayama, K. Monitoring and Characterization of Magnaporthe grisea Isolates with Decreased Sensitivity to Scytalone Dehydratase Inhibitors. Pest Manag. Sci. 2004, 60, 777–785. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.858.
- Kaku, K.; Takagaki, M.; Shimizu, T.; Nagayama, K. Diagnosis of Dehydratase Inhibitors in Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitor (MBI-D) Resistance by Primer-Introduced Restriction Enzyme Analysis in Scytalone Dehydratase Gene of Magnaporthe grisea. Pest Manag. Sci. 2003, 59, 843–846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.742.
- Yamaguchi, J.; Kuchiki, F.; Hirayae, K.; So, K. Decreased Effect of Carpropamid for Rice Blast Control in the West North Area of Saga Prefecture in 2001. Jpn. J. Phytopathol. 2002, 68, 261.
- Ogoshi, C.; Carlos, F. C.; Ulguim, A. R.; Zanon, A. J.; Bittencourt, C. R. C.; Almeida, R. D. Efectiveness o Fungicides for Rice Blast Control in Lowland Rice Cropped in Brazil. Trop. Subtrop. Agroecosyst. 2018, 21, 505–511.
- Meng, Z.; Chen, X.; Guan, L.; Xu, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Song, Y.; Liu, F.; Fan, T. Dissipation Kinetics and Risk Assessments of Tricyclazole during Oryza sativa L. growing, Processing and Storage. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2018, 25, 35249–35256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3445-5.
- Santos, G. R.; Castro Neto, M. D.; Ignácio, M.; Leal, T. C. A. B.; Fidelis, R. R.; Dias Neto, J. J. Fungicidas Para o controle das principais doenças do arroz irrigado. Biosci. J. 2009, 25, 11–18.
- D'Ávila, L. S. Fungicide Resistance and Genetic Variability of Magnaporthe oryzae in Rice Fields in Brazil. Doctoral thesis, University of Brasília, Brasília (DF), 2018.
- Prabhu, A. S.; Filippi, M. C. C.; Araújo, L. G. Pathotype Diversity of Pyricularia grisea from Improved Upland Rice Cultivars in Experimental Plots. Fitopatol. Bras. 2002, 27, 468–473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-41582002000500005.
- Prabhu, A. S.; Filippi, M. C. C. Brusone em Arroz: Controle Genético, Progresso e Perspectivas. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa - Arroz e Feijão (Brazil), Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil, 2006.
- Atkins, J. G.; Robert, A. L.; Adair, C. R.; Goto, K.; Kozaka, T.; Yanagida, R.; Yamada, Y.; Matsumoto, S. An International Set of Rice Varieties for Differentiating Races of Pyricularia oryzae. Phytopathology 1969, 57, 298–301.
- Ling, K. C.; Ou, S. H. Standardization of the International Race Numbers of Pyricularia oryzae. Phytopathology 1969, 59, 339–342.
- Filippi, M. C. C.; Prabhu, A. S. Phenotipic Virulence Analysis of Pyricularia grisea Isolates from Brazilian Upland Rice Cultivars. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 2001, 36, 27–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2001000100004.
- Filippi, M. C. C.; Prabhu, A. S.; Araújo, L. G.; Faria, J. C. Genetic Diversity and Virulence Pattern in Field Populations of Pyricularia grisea from Rice Cultivar Metica-1. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 2002, 37, 1681–1688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2002001200002.
- Filippi, M. C. C.; Silva, G. B.; Prabhu, A. S. Indução de resistência à brusone em folhas de arroz por isolado avirulento de Magnaporthe oryzae. Fitopatol. Bras. 2007, 32, 387–392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-41582007000500003.
- Notteghem, J. L. Cooperative Experiment on Horizontal Resistance to Rice Blast. In Blast and Upland Rice: Report and Recommendations from the Meeting for International Collaboration in Upland Rice Improvement, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Filipinas, 1981, pp 43–51.
- Ghatak, A.; Willocquet, L.; Savary, S.; Kumar, J. Variability in Aggressiveness of Rice Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) Isolates Originating from Rice Leaves and Necks: A Case of Pathogen Specialization? PLoS One 2013, 8, e66180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066180.
- Dias Neto, J. J.; Santos, G. R.; Anjos, L. M.; Rangel, P. H. N.; Ferreira, M. E. Hot Spots for Diversity of Magnaporthe oryzae Physiological Races in Irrigated Rice Fields in Brazil. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 2010, 45, 252–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2010000300004.
- Gonçalves, F. J.; Filippi, M. C. C.; Lobo, V. L. S.; Araújo, L. G.; Silva, G. B.; Coelho, A. S. G.; Prabhu, A. S. Polymorphism Detection by Microsatellite Markers in a Magnaporthe oryzae Population from Different Geographical Areas of Brazil. J. Phytopathol. 2016, 164, 620–630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12485.
- Silva, G. B.; Prabhu, A. S.; Filippi, M. C. C.; Araújo, L. G.; Zambolim, L. Caracterização de virulencia de Magnaporthe grisea em cultivares diferenciadoras japonesas e linhas quase-isogênicas das cultivares IAC-25 e de CO-39 de arroz. Summa Phytopathol. 2007, 33, 372–376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-54052007000400009.
- Silva, G. B.; Araújo, L. G.; Silva-Lobo, V. L.; Prabhu, A. S.; Rego, M. C. F.; Paes, E. T.; Filippi, M. C. C. Use of Local Rice Cultivars as Additional Differentials to Identify Pathotypes of Pyricularia oryzae. Bragantia 2011, 70, 860–868. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87052011000400019.
- Kunova, A.; Pizzatti, C.; Bonaldi, M.; Cortesi, P. Sensitivity of Nonexposed and Exposed Populations of Magnaporthe oryzae from Rice to Tricyclazole and Azoxystrobin. Plant Dis. 2014, 98, 512–518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-13-0432-RE.
- Zemolin, C. R.; Goulart, C.; Lenz, G.; Bayer, T.; Costas, I. F. D. Eficiência de fungicidas aplicados em sementes de arroz visando o controle de brusone (Magnaporthe grisea). Rev. FZVA 2007, 14, 81–88.
- Ogoshi, C.; Carlos, F. C.; Waldow, D.; Miranda, F. F.; Reginato, J. L.; Ulguim, A. Influence of Blast on the Nutrition and Yield of Irrigated Rice in Southern Brazil. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2020, 20, 1378–1386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00219-9.
- Bordin, L. C.; Casa, R. T.; Marcuzzo, L. L.; Bogo, A.; Zancam, R. L. Efeito da aplicação de fungicidas no controle de doenças foliares de arroz irrigado e sua relação com o rendimento industrial. Summa Phytopathol. 2016, 42, 85–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/2012.
- Prabhu, A. S.; Araújo, L. G.; Faustina, C.; Berni, R. F. Estimativa de danos causados pela brusone na produtividade de arroz de terras altas. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 2003, 38, 1045–1051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2003000900004.
- Titone, P.; Mongiano, G.; Tamborini, L. Resistence to Neck Blast Caused by Pyricularia oryzae in Italian Rice Cultivars. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2015, 142, 49–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0588-1.
- Moletti, M.; Giudici, M. L.; Nipoti, E.; Villa, B. Prove di lotta chimica contro il brusone del riso in Italia. Inf. Fitopatol. 1988, 38, 41–48.
- Hayashi, K.; Suzuki, F.; Hayano-Saito, Y. Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of MBI-D and QoI Resistance in Rice Blast Fungus. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 2017, 83, 304–309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-017-0725-8.
- Kimura, N.; Fujimoto, H. Comparison of Scytalone Dehydratase Activities between Scytalone Dehydratase Inhibitor-Sensitive and Inhibitor-Resistant Magnaporthe oryzae Isolates. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 2017, 124, 525–532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-017-0104-x.
- Suzuki, F.; Yamaguchi, J.; Koba, A.; Nakajima, T.; Arai, M. Changes in Fungicide Resistance Frequency and Population Structure of Pyricularia oryzae after Discontinuance of MBI-D Fungicides. Plant Dis. 2010, 94, 329–334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0329.
- Kimura, N.; Fujimoto, H. Fitness Studies between Field Isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae Resistant and Sensitive to Scytalone Dehydratase Inhibitors of Melanin Biosynthesis (MBI-Ds) and Decline of Frequency of Resistant Isolates at a Rice Field. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 2015, 122, 224–228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356556.
- Takagaki, M.; Kaku, K.; Watanabe, S.; Kawai, K.; Shimizu, T.; Sawada, H.; Kumakura, K.; Nagayama, K. Mechanism of Resistance to Carpropamid in Magnaporthe grisea. Pest Manag. Sci. 2004, 60, 921–926. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.896.
- Hsieh, C. H.; Chung, W. C.; Chen, Y. N.; Chung, W. H. Phylogenetic Diversity and Sensitivity to MBI and QoI Fungicides of Magnaporthe oryzae in Taiwan. J. Pestic. Sci. 2013, 38, 194–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D12-059.
- Castroagudín, V. L.; Ceresini, P. C.; De Oliveira, S. C.; Reges, J. T. A.; Maciel, J. L. N.; Bonato, A. L. V.; Dorigan, A. F.; McDonald, B. A. Resistance to QoI Fungicides Is Widespread in Brazilian Populations of the Wheat Blast Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Phytopathology 2015, 105, 284–294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-14-0184-R.
- Forcelini, B. B.; Rebello, C. S.; Wang, N. Y.; Peres, N. Fitness, Competitive Ability, and Mutation Stability of Isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum from Strawberry Resistant to QoI Fungicides. Phytopathology 2018, 108, 462–468. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-17-0296-R.
- Hawkins, N. J.; Fraaije, B. A. Fitness Penalties in the Evolution of Fungicide Resistance. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2018, 56, 339–360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050012.
- Mikaberidze, A.; McDonald, B. A.; Bonhoeffer, S. Can High-Risk Fungicides Be Used in Mixtures without Selecting for Fungicide Resistance? Phytopathology 2014, 104, 324–331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-13-0204-R.
- Kimura, N.; Fukuchi, A. Management of Melanin Biosynthesis Dehydratase Inhibitor (MBI-D)-Resistance in Pyricularia oryzae Using a Non-MBI-D Fungicidal Application Program for Nursery Boxes and a Diclocymet and Ferimzone Mixture for Field Foliar Applications. J. Pestic. Sci. 2018, 43, 287–292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D18-023.