40
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Advances in drug resistance of osteosarcoma caused by pregnane X receptor

, , , &
Received 17 Jan 2024, Accepted 07 Jun 2024, Published online: 13 Jun 2024

References

  • Abid W, Triki M, Hlima GB, Chaari Z, Hentati A, Frikha I. 2022. Small cell osteosarcoma of the rib: an exceptional localization. Clin Case Rep. 10(9):e6377. doi:10.1002/ccr3.6377.
  • Almazroo OA, Miah MK, Venkataramanan R. 2017. Drug metabolism in the liver. Clin Liver Dis. 21(1):1–20. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2016.08.001.
  • Assi T, Kattan J, Nassereddine H, Rassy E, Briand S, Court C, Verret B, Le Cesne A, Mir O. 2021. Chemotherapy in the management of periosteal osteosarcoma: a narrative review. J Bone Oncol. 30:100389. doi:10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100389.
  • Bain DL, Heneghan AF, Connaghan-Jones KD, Miura MT. 2007. Nuclear receptor structure: implications for function. Annu Rev Physiol. 69(1):201–220. doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.69.031905.160308.
  • Baldwin WS. 2019. Phase 0 of the xenobiotic response: nuclear receptors and other transcription factors as a first step in protection from xenobiotics. Nucl Receptor Res. 6:101447. doi:10.32527/2019/101447.
  • Bhagyaraj E, Ahuja N, Kumar S, Tiwari D, Gupta S, Nanduri R, Gupta P. 2019. TGF-β induced chemoresistance in liver cancer is modulated by xenobiotic nuclear receptor PXR. Cell Cycle. 18(24):3589–3602. doi:10.1080/15384101.2019.1693120.
  • Bielack SS, Kempf-Bielack B, Delling G, Exner GU, Flege S, Helmke K, Kotz R, Salzer-Kuntschik M, Werner M, Winkelmann W, et al. 2002. Prognostic factors in high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities or trunk: an analysis of 1,702 patients treated on neoadjuvant cooperative osteosarcoma study group protocols. J Clin Oncol. 20(3):776–790. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.20.3.776.
  • Blay, J Y, Palmerini, E, Bollard, J, Aguiar, S, Angel, M, Araya, B, Badilla, R, Bernabeu, D, Campos, F, Chs, Caro-Sánchez, et al. SELNET clinical practice guidelines for bone sarcoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2022, 174: 103685 doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103685.
  • Bogacz A, Mrozikiewicz PM, Karasiewicz M, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Majchrzycki M, Mikolajczak PL, Ozarowski M, Grzeskowiak E. 2014. The influence of standardized Valeriana officinalis extract on the CYP3A1 gene expression by nuclear receptors in in vivo model. Biomed Res Int. 2014:819093–819097.
  • Campa D, Butterbach K, Slager SL, Skibola CF, de Sanjosé S, Benavente Y, Becker N, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Cocco P, et al. 2012. A comprehensive study of polymorphisms in the ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, NR1I2 genes and lymphoma risk. Intl Journal of Cancer. 131(4):803–812. doi:10.1002/ijc.26436.
  • Carnahan VE, Redinbo MR. 2005. Structure and function of the human nuclear xenobiotic receptor PXR. Curr Drug Metab. 6(4):357–367. doi:10.2174/1389200054633844.
  • Caronia D, Patiño-Garcia A, Peréz-Martínez A, Pita G, Moreno LT, Zalacain-Díez M, Molina B, Colmenero I, Sierrasesúmaga L, Benítez J, et al. 2011. Effect of ABCB1 and ABCC3 polymorphisms on osteosarcoma survival after chemotherapy: a pharmacogenetic study. PLoS One. 6(10):e26091. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026091.
  • Chapman E, Best MD, Hanson SR, Wong CH. 2004. Sulfotransferases: structure, mechanism, biological activity, inhibition, and synthetic utility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 43(27):3526–3548.
  • Chen G, Xu Q, Zhang B, Dai M. 2019. Parosteal osteosarcoma of the fibula in a middle-aged patient: a case report. Medicine. 98(2):e13857. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000013857.
  • Chen Y, Huang W, Chen F, Hu G, Li F, Li J, Xuan A. 2016. Pregnane X receptors regulate CYP2C8 and P-glycoprotein to impact on the resistance of NSCLC cells to Taxol. Cancer Med. 5(12):3564–3571. doi:10.1002/cam4.960.
  • Chen Y, Tang Y, Chen S, Nie D. 2009. Regulation of drug resistance by human pregnane X receptor in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 8(13):1265–1272. doi:10.4161/cbt.8.13.8696.
  • Chen Y, Tang Y, Wang M-T, Zeng S, Nie D. 2007. Human pregnane X receptor and resistance to chemotherapy in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 67(21):10361–10367. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4758.
  • Choi HK, Yang JW, Roh SH, Han CY, Kang KW. 2007. Induction of multidrug resistance associated protein 2 in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer. 14(2):293–303. doi:10.1677/ERC-06-0016.
  • Choi JH, Ro JY. 2021. The 2020 WHO Classification of Tumors of Bone: an Updated Review. Adv Anat Pathol. 28(3):119–138. doi:10.1097/PAP.0000000000000293.
  • De Anna JS, Darraz LA, Painefilú JC, Cárcamo JG, Moura-Alves P, Venturino A, Luquet CM. 2021. The insecticide chlorpyrifos modifies the expression of genes involved in the PXR and AhR pathways in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 178:104920. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104920.
  • DE Wildt SN, Kearns GL, Leeder JS, Van den Anker JN. 1999. Cytochrome P450 3A: ontogeny and drug disposition. Clin Pharmacokinet. 37(6):485–505. doi:10.2165/00003088-199937060-00004.
  • Dhaini HR, Thomas DG, Giordano TJ, Johnson TD, Biermann JS, Leu K, Hollenberg PF, Baker LH. 2003. Cytochrome P450 CYP3A4/5 expression as a biomarker of outcome in osteosarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 21(13):2481–2485. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.06.015.
  • Dong Y, Wang Z, Xie G-F, Li C, Zuo W-W, Meng G, Xu C-P, Li J-J. 2017. Pregnane X receptor is associated with unfavorable survival and induces chemotherapeutic resistance by transcriptional activating multidrug resistance-related protein 3 in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer. 16(1):71. doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0641-8.
  • Dou J-Y, Zhang M, Cen H, Chen Y-Q, Wu Y-F, Lu F, Zhou J, Liu X-S, Gu Y-Y. 2022. Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (Danshen) and bioactive compound tanshinone IIA alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through regulating PXR/NF-κB signaling. Front Pharmacol. 13:860383. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.860383.
  • Drocourt L, Ourlin J-C, Pascussi J-M, Maurel P, Vilarem M-J. 2002. Expression of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 is regulated by the vitamin D receptor pathway in primary human hepatocytes. J Biol Chem. 277(28):25125–25132.
  • Dubin RL, Hall CM, Pileri CL, Kudlacek PE, Li XY, Yee JA, Johnson ML, Anderson RJ. 2001. Thermostable (SULT1A1) and thermolabile (SULT1A3) phenol sulfotransferases in human osteosarcoma and osteoblast cells. Bone. 28(6):617–624.
  • Echchgadda I, Song CS, Oh T-S, Cho S-H, Rivera OJ, Chatterjee B. 2004. Gene regulation for the senescence marker protein DHEA-sulfotransferase by the xenobiotic-activated nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR). Mech Ageing Dev. 125(10-11):733–745. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2004.08.008.
  • Ferrari S, Mercuri M, Bacci G. 2002. Comment on "Prognostic factors in high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities or trunk: an analysis of 1,702 patients treated on neoadjuvant Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group protocols". J Clin Oncol. 20(12):2910; author reply 2910–2910; author reply 2911. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.20.12.2910.
  • Futani H, Takaki H, Sawai T, Taniguchi J, Kako Y, Ide Y-H, Yamakado K, Tachibana T. 2021. Long-term survival following radiofrequency ablation of lung metastases in an elderly patient with calcaneal osteosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 100(34):e26681. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000026681.
  • Gajjar K, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. 2012. CYP1B1 and hormone-induced cancer. Cancer Lett. 324(1):13–30.
  • Gill J, Gorlick R. 2021. Advancing therapy for osteosarcoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 18(10):609–624.
  • Glatt H, Boeing H, Engelke CE, Ma L, Kuhlow A, Pabel U, Pomplun D, Teubner W, Meinl W. 2001. Human cytosolic sulphotransferases: genetics, characteristics, toxicological aspects. Mutat Res. 482(1-2):27–40.
  • Guengerich FP. 2007. Mechanisms of cytochrome P450 substrate oxidation: miniReview. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 21(4):163–168. doi:10.1002/jbt.20174.
  • Gupta D, Venkatesh M, Wang H, Kim S, Sinz M, Goldberg GL, Whitney K, Longley C, Mani S. 2008. Expanding the roles for pregnane X receptor in cancer: proliferation and drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 14(17):5332–5340. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1033.
  • Hariparsad N, Chu X, Yabut J, Labhart P, Hartley DP, Dai X, Evers R. 2009. Identification of pregnane-X receptor target genes and coactivator and corepressor binding to promoter elements in human hepatocytes. Nucleic Acids Res. 37(4):1160–1173. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn1047.
  • Hattinger CM, Biason P, Iacoboni E, Gagno S, Fanelli M, Tavanti E, Vella S, Ferrari S, Roli A, Roncato R, et al. 2016. Candidate germline polymorphisms of genes belonging to the pathways of four drugs used in osteosarcoma standard chemotherapy associated with risk, survival and toxicity in non-metastatic high-grade osteosarcoma. Oncotarget. 7(38):61970–61987. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11486.
  • Heymann MF, Schiavone K, Heymann D. 2021. Bone sarcomas in the immunotherapy era. Br J Pharmacol. 178(9):1955–1972.
  • Hoshi M, Matsumoto S, Manabe J, Tanizawa T, Shigemitsu T, Takeuchi K, Kawaguchi N. 2006. Report of four cases with high-grade surface osteosarcoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 36(3):180–184. doi:10.1093/jjco/hyi243.
  • Huang G, Mills L, Worth LL. 2007. Expression of human glutathione S-transferase P1 mediates the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 6(5):1610–1619. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0580.
  • Hurkmans EGE, Klumpers MJ, Vermeulen SH, Hagleitner MM, Flucke U, Schreuder HWB, Gelderblom H, Bras J, Guchelaar H-J, Coenen MJH, et al. 2020. Analysis of drug metabolizing gene panel in osteosarcoma patients identifies association between variants in SULT1E1, CYP2B6 and CYP4F8 and methotrexate levels and toxicities. Front Pharmacol. 11:1241. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01241.
  • Ingelman-Sundberg M. 2004. Human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 enzymes: properties and polymorphisms. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 369(1):89–104. doi:10.1007/s00210-003-0819-z.
  • Itoh M, Nakajima M, Higashi E, Yoshida R, Nagata K, Yamazoe Y, Yokoi T. 2006. Induction of human CYP2A6 is mediated by the pregnane X receptor with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 319(2):693–702.
  • Jana S, Mandlekar S. 2009. Role of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes in cancer chemoprevention. Curr Drug Metab. 10(6):595–616. doi:10.2174/138920009789375379.
  • Jancova P, Anzenbacher P, Anzenbacherova E. 2010. Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 154(2):103–116. doi:10.5507/bp.2010.017.
  • Jarukamjorn K, Sakuma T, Yamamoto M, Ohara A, Nemoto N. 2001. Sex-associated expression of mouse hepatic and renal CYP2B enzymes by glucocorticoid hormones. Biochem Pharmacol. 62(2):161–169.
  • Jiang H, Chen K, He J, Pan F, Li J, Chen J, Chen W, Liang H. 2009. Association of pregnane X receptor with multidrug resistance-related protein 3 and its role in human colon cancer chemoresistance. J Gastrointest Surg. 13(10):1831–1838. doi:10.1007/s11605-009-0964-x.
  • Jiang S, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang L, Wang M, Rong Y, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Wang H, et al. 2023. Biotransformed bear bile powder ameliorates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through modulating arginine biosynthesis via FXR/PXR-PI3K-AKT-NOS3 axis. Biomed Pharmacother. 168:115640. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115640.
  • Jinhua W, Ying Z, Yuhua L. 2020. PXR-ABC drug transporters/CYP-mediated ursolic acid transport and metabolism in vitro and vivo. Arch Pharm. 353(9):e2000082. doi:10.1002/ardp.202000082.
  • Jones PF, Jakubowicz T, Pitossi FJ, Maurer F, Hemmings BA. 1991. Molecular cloning and identification of a serine/threonine protein kinase of the second-messenger subfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 88(10):4171–4175. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.10.4171.
  • Jones SA, Moore LB, Shenk JL, Wisely GB, Hamilton GA, McKee DD, Tomkinson NCO, LeCluyse EL, Lambert MH, Willson TM, et al. 2000. The pregnane X receptor: a promiscuous xenobiotic receptor that has diverged during evolution. Mol Endocrinol. 14(1):27–39. doi:10.1210/mend.14.1.0409.
  • Jot K, Nayyar V, Manchanda S, Bhutia O, Mishra D. 2023. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma of maxilla in a young child. Oral Oncol. 147:106605. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106605.
  • Jundt G. 2018. Updates to the WHO classification of bone tumours]. Pathologe. 39(2):107–116. doi:10.1007/s00292-017-0396-4.
  • Kaur G, Gupta SK, Singh P, Ali V, Kumar V, Verma M. 2020. Drug-metabolizing enzymes: role in drug resistance in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol. 22(10):1667–1680.
  • Kikuchi H, Maishi N, Annan DA, Alam MT, Dawood RIH, Sato M, Morimoto M, Takeda R, Ishizuka K, Matsumoto R, et al. 2020. Chemotherapy-induced IL8 upregulates MDR1/ABCB1 in tumor blood vessels and results in unfavorable outcome. Cancer Res. 80(14):2996–3008. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-3791.
  • Kim JY, Lee K-W, Kim S-H, Wee JJ, Kim Y-S, Lee HJ. 2002. Inhibitory effect of tumor cell proliferation and induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest by panaxytriol. Planta Med. 68(2):119–122.
  • Kliewer SA, Goodwin B, Willson TM. 2002. The nuclear pregnane X receptor: a key regulator of xenobiotic metabolism. Endocr Rev. 23(5):687–702. doi:10.1210/er.2001-0038.
  • Konno Y, Kamino H, Moore R, Lih F, Tomer KB, Zeldin DC, Goldstein JA, Negishi M. 2010. The nuclear receptors constitutive active/androstane receptor and pregnane x receptor activate the Cyp2c55 gene in mouse liver. Drug Metab Dispos. 38(7):1177–1182. doi:10.1124/dmd.110.032334.
  • Kotiya D, Jaiswal B, Ghose S, Kaul R, Datta K, Tyagi RK. 2016. Role of PXR in hepatic cancer: its influences on liver detoxification capacity and cancer progression. PLoS One. 11(10):e0164087. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164087.
  • Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. 2022. Clinical Significance of lipid transport function of ABC Transporters in the innate immune system. Membranes. 12(11):1083.
  • Kwatra D, Venugopal A, Standing D, Ponnurangam S, Dhar A, Mitra A, Anant S. 2013. Bitter melon extracts enhance the activity of chemotherapeutic agents through the modulation of multiple drug resistance. J Pharm Sci. 102(12):4444–4454. doi:10.1002/jps.23753.
  • Lawrence RA, Parkhill LK, Burk RF. 1978. Hepatic cytosolic non selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity: its nature and the effect of selenium deficiency. J Nutr. 108(6):981–987. doi:10.1093/jn/108.6.981.
  • Lee Y-H, Yang H-W, Yang L-C, Lu M-Y, Tsai L-L, Yang S-F, Huang Y-F, Chou M-Y, Yu C-C, Hu F-W, et al. 2017. DHFR and MDR1 upregulation is associated with chemoresistance in osteosarcoma stem-like cells. Oncol Lett. 14(1):171–179. doi:10.3892/ol.2017.6132.
  • Li GB, Liu GY, Yang J, Li DW. 2021. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identifies the critical long non-coding RNAs participate in the progression of osteosarcoma. Gen Physiol Biophys. 40(3):173–182. doi:10.4149/gpb_2021004.
  • Li X, Li S, Chen M, Wang J, Xie B, Sun Z. 2018. (-) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits starch digestion and improves glucose homeostasis through direct or indirect activation of PXR/CAR-mediated phase II metabolism in diabetic mice. Food Funct. 9(9):4651–4663.
  • Lilienthal I, Herold N. 2020. Targeting molecular mechanisms underlying treatment efficacy and resistance in osteosarcoma: a review of current and future strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 21(18):6885.
  • Lolodi O, Wang YM, Wright WC, Chen T. 2017. Differential regulation of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and its implication in drug discovery. Curr Drug Metab. 18(12):1095–1105. doi:10.2174/1389200218666170531112038.
  • Lui G, Treluyer J‐M, Fresneau B, Piperno‐Neumann S, Gaspar N, Corradini Nèg, Gentet J‐C, Marec Berard P, Laurence Valérie, Schneider P, et al. 2018. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analysis of osteosarcoma patients treated with high-dose methotrexate: data from the OS2006/sarcoma-09 trial. The Journal of Clinical Pharma. 58(12):1541–1549. doi:10.1002/jcph.1252.
  • Luthra A, Denisov IG, Sligar SG. 2011. Spectroscopic features of cytochrome P450 reaction intermediates. Arch Biochem Biophys. 507(1):26–35.
  • Ma X, Idle JR, Gonzalez FJ. 2008. The pregnane X receptor: from bench to bedside. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 4(7):895–908. doi:10.1517/17425255.4.7.895.
  • Mandlekar S, Hong JL, Kong AN. 2006. Modulation of metabolic enzymes by dietary phytochemicals: a review of mechanisms underlying beneficial versus unfavorable effects. Curr Drug Metab. 7(6):661–675. doi:10.2174/138920006778017795.
  • Manning BD, Toker A. 2017. AKT/PKB signaling: navigating the network. Cell. 169(3):381–405. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.001.
  • Mano ECC, Scott AL, Honorio KM. 2018. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: structure, Function and Drug Design Studies. Curr Med Chem. 25(27):3247–3255. doi:10.2174/0929867325666180226111311.
  • Marchandet L, Lallier M, Charrier C, Baud’huin M, Ory B, Lamoureux F. 2021. Mechanisms of Resistance to Conventional Therapies for Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel). 13(4):683.
  • Marina N, Gebhardt M, Teot L, Gorlick R. 2004. Biology and therapeutic advances for pediatric osteosarcoma. Oncologist. 9(4):422–441. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.9-4-422.
  • Martinec O, Biel C, de Graaf IAM, Huliciak M, de Jong KP, Staud F, Cecka F, Olinga P, Vokral I, Cerveny L, et al. 2021. Rifampicin induces gene, protein, and activity of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) in human precision-cut intestinal slices. Front Pharmacol. 12:684156. doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.684156.
  • Mensah-Osman EJ, Thomas DG, Tabb MM, Larios JM, Hughes DP, Giordano TJ, Lizyness ML, Rae JM, Blumberg B, Hollenberg PF, et al. 2007. Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 109(5):957–965. doi:10.1002/cncr.22479.
  • Mirabello L, Troisi RJ, Savage SA. 2009. Osteosarcoma incidence and survival rates from 1973 to 2004: data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer. 115(7):1531–1543. doi:10.1002/cncr.24121.
  • Nam-Cha SH, Montes-Moreno S, Salcedo MT, Sanjuan J, Garcia JF, Piris MA. 2009. Lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma: distinctive tumor and microenvironment markers. Mod Pathol. 22(8):1006–1015. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.54.
  • Naspinski C, Gu X, Zhou G-D, Mertens-Talcott SU, Donnelly KC, Tian Y. 2008. Pregnane X receptor protects HepG2 cells from BaP-induced DNA damage. Toxicol Sci. 104(1):67–73. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn058.
  • Nelson DR. 2006. Cytochrome P450 nomenclature, 2004. Methods Mol Biol. 320:1–10. doi:10.1385/1-59259-998-2:1.
  • Niu X, Wu T, Li G, Gu X, Tian Y, Cui H. 2022. Insights into the critical role of the PXR in preventing carcinogenesis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Int J Biol Sci. 18(2):742–759.
  • Noreault TL, Kostrubsky VE, Wood SG, Nichols RC, Strom SC, Trask HW, Wrighton SA, Evans RM, Jacobs JM, Sinclair PR, et al. 2005. Arsenite decreases CYP3A4 and RXRalpha in primary human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 33(7):993–1003. doi:10.1124/dmd.105.003954.
  • Okamura M, Shizu R, Abe T, Kodama S, Hosaka T, Sasaki T, Yoshinari K. 2020. PXR functionally interacts with NF-κB and AP-1 to Downregulate the inflammation-induced expression of chemokine CXCL2 in mice. Cells. 9(10):2296.
  • Oladimeji PO, Chen T. 2018. PXR: more Than Just a Master Xenobiotic Receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 93(2):119–127. doi:10.1124/mol.117.110155.
  • Orans J, Teotico DG, Redinbo MR. 2005. The nuclear xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor: recent insights and new challenges. Mol Endocrinol. 19(12):2891–2900. doi:10.1210/me.2005-0156.
  • Parveen A, Alhusban M, Fantoukh OI, Ali Z, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Khan SI. 2022. Probing PXR activation and modulation of CYP3A4 by Tinospora crispa and Tinospora sinensis. J Ethnopharmacol. 291:115159. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115159.
  • Pelkonen O, Turpeinen M, Hakkola J, Honkakoski P, Hukkanen J, Raunio H. 2008. Inhibition and induction of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: current status. Arch Toxicol. 82(10):667–715. doi:10.1007/s00204-008-0332-8.
  • Qi Y, Yao L, Liu J, Wang W. 2023. Piperine improves the sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. J Orthop Surg Res. 18(1):180. doi:10.1186/s13018-023-03642-7.
  • Qiao E, Ji M, Wu J, Ma R, Zhang X, He Y, Zha Q, Song X, Zhu L-W, Tang J, et al. 2013. Expression of the PXR gene in various types of cancer and drug resistance. Oncol Lett. 5(4):1093–1100. doi:10.3892/ol.2013.1149.
  • Qiao EQ, Yang HJ. 2014. Effect of pregnane X receptor expression on drug resistance in breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 7(4):1191–1196. doi:10.3892/ol.2014.1817.
  • Rao ZZ, Tang ZW, Wen J. 2023. Advances in drug resistance of triple negative breast cancer caused by pregnane X receptor. World J Clin Oncol. 14(9):335–342.
  • Rosenfeld JM, Vargas R, JR., Xie W, Evans RM. 2003. Genetic profiling defines the xenobiotic gene network controlled by the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 17(7):1268–1282. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0421.
  • Ruiz-Pinto S, Pita G, Patiño-García A, García-Miguel P, Alonso J, Pérez-Martínez A, Sastre A, Gómez-Mariano G, Lissat A, Scotlandi K, et al. 2016. Identification of genetic variants in pharmacokinetic genes associated with Ewing Sarcoma treatment outcome. Ann Oncol. 27(9):1788–1793. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw234.
  • Runfola M, Sestito S, Gul S, Chiellini G, Rapposelli S. 2020. Collecting data through high throughput in vitro early toxicity and off-target liability assays to rapidly identify limitations of novel thyromimetics. Data Brief. 29:105206. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.105206.
  • Salinas-Souza C, Petrilli AS, DE Toledo SR. 2010. Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms in osteosarcoma patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 20(8):507–515. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e32833caa45.
  • Schuetz EG, Brimer C, Schuetz JD. 1998. Environmental xenobiotics and the antihormones cyproterone acetate and spironolactone use the nuclear hormone pregnenolone X receptor to activate the CYP3A23 hormone response element. Mol Pharmacol. 54(6):1113–1117.[PMID9855641 doi:10.1124/mol.54.6.1113.
  • Sen R, Baltimore D. 1986. Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences. Cell. 46(5):705–716. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90346-6.
  • Sheweita SA, Tilmisany AK. 2003. Cancer and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. Curr Drug Metab. 4(1):45–58. doi:10.2174/1389200033336919.
  • Singh RR, Reindl KM. 2021. Glutathione S-transferases in cancer. Antioxidants. 10(5):701.[PMID doi:10.3390/antiox10050701.
  • Strauss SJ, Frezza AM, Abecassis N, Bajpai J, Bauer S, Biagini R, Bielack S, Blay JY, Bolle S, Bonvalot S, et al. 2021. Bone sarcomas: ESMO-EURACAN-GENTURIS-ERN PaedCan Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 32(12):1520–1536. doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1995.
  • Sugatani J, Hattori Y, Noguchi Y, Yamaguchi M, Yamazaki Y, Ikari A. 2014. Threonine-290 regulates nuclear translocation of the human pregnane X receptor through its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein phosphatase 1. Drug Metab Dispos. 42(10):1708–1718. doi:10.1124/dmd.114.059139.
  • Tabb MM, Sun A, Zhou C, Grün F, Errandi J, Romero K, Pham H, Inoue S, Mallick S, Lin M, et al. 2003. Vitamin K2 regulation of bone homeostasis is mediated by the steroid and xenobiotic receptor SXR. J Biol Chem. 278(45):43919–43927.
  • Takwi AA, Wang Y-M, Wu J, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Chen T. 2014. miR-137 regulates the constitutive androstane receptor and modulates doxorubicin sensitivity in parental and doxorubicin-resistant neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene. 33(28):3717–3729. doi:10.1038/onc.2013.330.
  • Tebbens JD, Azar M, Friedmann E, Lanzendörfer M, Pávek P. 2018. Mathematical models in the description of pregnane X Receptor (PXR)-regulated cytochrome P450 enzyme induction. IJMS. 19(6):1785. doi:10.3390/ijms19061785.
  • Testa B, Pedretti A, Vistoli G. 2012. Reactions and enzymes in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. Drug Discov Today. 17(11-12):549–560. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2012.01.017.
  • Tian H, Cao J, Li B, Nice EC, Mao H, Zhang Y, Huang C. 2023. Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment. Bone Res. 11(1):11.
  • Trujillo-Paolillo A, Tesser-Gamba F, Seixas Alves MT, Filho RJG, Oliveira R, Petrilli AS, Toledo SRC. 2023. Pharmacogenetics of the Primary and Metastatic Osteosarcoma: gene Expression Profile Associated with Outcome. Int J Mol Sci. 24(6):5607.
  • Ul-Islam S, Ahmed MB, Shehzad A, Ul-Islam M, Lee YS. 2018. Failure of chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma due to impaired and dysregulated primary liver drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transport proteins: what to do?. CDM. 19(10):819–829. doi:10.2174/1389200219666180529113818.
  • Uwai Y. 2018. Enantioselective drug recognition by drug transporters. Molecules. 23(12):3062. doi:10.3390/molecules23123062.
  • Vashisht M, Ge H, John J, McKelvey HA, Chen J, Chen Z, Wang JH. 2023. TRAF2/3 deficient B cells resist DNA damage-induced apoptosis via NF-κB2/XIAP/cIAP2 axis and IAP antagonist sensitizes mutant lymphomas to chemotherapeutic drugs. Cell Death Dis. 14(9):599.
  • Wang C, Ding S, Sun B, Shen L, Xiao L, Han Z, Huang H. 2020. Hsa-miR-4271 downregulates the expression of constitutive androstane receptor and enhances in vivo the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer to gefitinib. Pharmacol Res. 161:105110. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105110.
  • Wang J, Jin J, Chen T, Zhou Q. 2022. Curcumol synergizes with cisplatin in osteosarcoma by inhibiting M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Molecules. 27(14):4345.
  • Wang L, Zeng G, Li J, Luo J, Li H, Zhang Z. 2021. Association of polymorphism of CYP3A4, ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, NFKB1, POR, and PXR with the concentration of cyclosporin A in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Xenobiotica. 51(7):852–858. doi:10.1080/00498254.2021.1928791.
  • Wang YM, Ong SS, Chai SC, Chen T. 2012. Role of CAR and PXR in xenobiotic sensing and metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 8(7):803–817. doi:10.1517/17425255.2012.685237.
  • Wei C, Cacavale RJ, Kehoe JJ, Thomas PE, Iba MM. 2001. CYP1A2 is expressed along with CYP1A1 in the human lung. Cancer Lett. 164(1):25–32. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(00)00712-6.
  • Woody S, Staudinger J. 2014. Sumo-modification of pxr alters protein cofactor interactions (1062.11). The FASEB Journal. 28(S1):1062.11. doi:10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1062.11.
  • Xiaohui S, Aiguo L, Xiaolin G, Ying L, Hongxing Z, Yilei Z. 2014. Effect of ABCB1 polymorphism on the clinical outcome of osteosarcoma patients after receiving chemotherapy. Pak J Med Sci. 30(4):886–890. doi:10.12669/pjms.304.4955.
  • Xing Y, Yan J, Niu Y. 2020. PXR: a center of transcriptional regulation in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B. 10(2):197–206.
  • Xu F, Wang F, Yang T, Sheng Y, Zhong T, Chen Y. 2014. Differential drug resistance acquisition to doxorubicin and paclitaxel in breast cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int. 14(1):142. doi:10.1186/s12935-014-0142-4.
  • Yamagata K, Ishibashi-Kanno N, Matsuoka R, Uchida F, Fukuzawa S, Bukawa H. 2022. Dedifferentiated low-grade central osteosarcoma of the mandible. Case Rep Dent. 2022:9321728.
  • Yamamoto Y, Moore R, Goldsworthy TL, Negishi M, Maronpot RR. 2004. The orphan nuclear receptor constitutive active/androstane receptor is essential for liver tumor promotion by phenobarbital in mice. Cancer Res. 64(20):7197–7200. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1459.
  • Yao N, Zeng C, Zhan T, He F, Liu M, Liu F, Zhang H, Xiong Y, Xia C. 2019. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid induce UGT1A1 expression in HepG2 cells by activating PXR rather than CAR. Front Pharmacol. 10:1111. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01111.
  • Yasuda M, Kishimoto S, Amano M, Fukushima S. 2019. Comparison of pregnane X receptor antagonists for enhancing the antitumor effect of cisplatin. Anticancer Res. 39(9):4749–4755. doi:10.21873/anticanres.13658.
  • Yasuda M, Kishimoto S, Amano M, Fukushima S. 2019. The involvement of pregnane X receptor-regulated pathways in the antitumor activity of cisplatin. Anticancer Res. 39(7):3601–3608. doi:10.21873/anticanres.13507.
  • Yu L, Zhang J, Li Y. 2022. Effects of microenvironment in osteosarcoma on chemoresistance and the promise of immunotherapy as an osteosarcoma therapeutic modality. Front Immunol. 13:871076. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.871076.
  • Zhang L, Yan J, Liu J, Meng C, Liu F, Xia C. 2022. Panaxytriol upregulates CYP3A4 expression based on the interaction of PXR, CAR, HSP90α, and RXRα. Phytomedicine. 101:154097. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154097.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.