0
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Mechanisms of Intestinal Pharmacokinetic Natural Product-drug Interactions

&
Received 06 Apr 2024, Accepted 25 Jul 2024, Accepted author version posted online: 30 Jul 2024
Accepted author version

References

  • Aaqil M, Peng C, Kamal A, Nawaz T, Zhang F, Gong J. 2023. Tea Harvesting and Processing Techniques and Its Effect on Phytochemical Profile and Final Quality of Black Tea: A Review. Foods. 12(24):4467. doi: 10.3390/foods12244467.
  • Abuhelwa AY, Williams DB, Upton RN, Foster DJR. 2017. Food, gastrointestinal pH, and models of oral drug absorption. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 112:234–248. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.034.
  • Ahmad E, Jahangir M, Bukhari NI, Khan J, Sarwar A, Aziz T, Nabi G, Alharbi M, Thamer HA, Alasmari AF. 2023. Influence of quercetin on amiodarone pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in rats. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 27(23):11211–11221. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34561.
  • Albertsson P-Å, Köhnke R, Emek SC, Mei J, Rehfeld JF, Åkerlund H-E, Erlanson-Albertsson C. 2007. Chloroplast membranes retard fat digestion and induce satiety: effect of biological membranes on pancreatic lipase/co-lipase. Biochemical Journal. 401(3):727–733. doi: 10.1042/BJ20061463.
  • Amidon GL, Lennernäs H, Shah VP, Crison JR. 1995. A theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharmaceutical research. 12(3):413–20. doi: 10.1023/a:1016212804288.
  • Asher GN, Corbett AH, Hawke RL. 2017. Common Herbal Dietary Supplement-Drug Interactions. American family physician. 96(2):101–107.
  • Atanasov AG, Zotchev SB, Dirsch VM, Orhan IE, Banach M, Rollinger JM, Barreca D, Weckwerth W, Bauer R, Bayer EA, Majeed M, Bishayee A, Bochkov V, Bonn GK, Braidy N, Bucar F, Cifuentes A, D’Onofrio G, Bodkin M, Diederich M, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Efferth T, El Bairi K, Arkells N, Fan TP, Fiebich BL, Freissmuth M, Georgiev MI, Gibbons S, Godfrey KM, Gruber CW, Heer J, Huber LA, Ibanez E, Kijjoa A, Kiss AK, Lu A, Macias FA, Miller MJS, Mocan A, Müller R, Nicoletti F, Perry G, Pittalà V, Rastrelli L, Ristow M, Russo GL, Silva AS, Schuster D, Sheridan H, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Skaltsounis L, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Bredt DS, Stuppner H, Sureda A, Tzvetkov NT, Vacca RA, Aggarwal BB, Battino M, Giampieri F, Wink M, Wolfender JL, Xiao J, Yeung AWK, Lizard G, Popp MA, Heinrich M, Berindan-Neagoe I, Stadler M, Daglia M, Verpoorte R, Supuran CT. 2021. Natural products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 20(3):200–216. doi: 10.1038/s41573-020-00114-z.
  • Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS. 1999. Ginseng pharmacology: Multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochemical Pharmacology. 58(11):1685–1693. doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9.
  • Awan AM, Farid A, Shah SU, Khan D, Ur Rehman F, Dar MJ, Iftikhar T, Ghazanfar S, Galanakis CM, Alamri AS, Asdaq SMB, Shah KU. 2022. Nanocrytals-Mediated Oral Drug Delivery: Enhanced Bioavailability of Amiodarone. Pharmaceutics. 14(6):1300. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061300.
  • Ayvazyan A, Stegemann T, Galarza Pérez M, Pramsohler M, Çiçek SS. 2023. Phytochemical Profile of Trigonella caerulea (Blue Fenugreek) Herb and Quantification of Aroma-Determining Constituents. Plants (Basel, Switzerland). 12(5). doi: 10.3390/plants12051154.
  • Basit A, Fan PW, Khojasteh SC, Murray BP, Smith BJ, Heyward S, Prasad B. 2022. Comparison of Tissue Abundance of Non-Cytochrome P450 Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes by Quantitative Proteomics between Humans and Laboratory Animal Species. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 50(3):197–203. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000774.
  • Basit A, Neradugomma NK, Wolford C, Fan PW, Murray B, Takahashi RH, Khojasteh SC, Smith BJ, Heyward S, Totah RA, Kelly EJ, Prasad B. 2020. Characterization of Differential Tissue Abundance of Major Non-CYP Enzymes in Human. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 17(11):4114–4124. doi: 10.1021/ACS.MOLPHARMACEUT.0C00559/ASSET/IMAGES/MEDIUM/MP0C00559_M005.GIF.
  • Bocci G, Oprea TI, Benet LZ. 2022. State of the Art and Uses for the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS): New Additions, Revisions, and Citation References. The AAPS journal. 24(2):37. doi: 10.1208/s12248-022-00687-0.
  • Boonnop R, Meetam P, Siangjong L, Tuchinda P, Thongphasuk P, Soodvilai S, Soodvilai S. 2023. Black ginger extract and its active compound, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, increase intestinal drug absorption via efflux drug transporter inhibitions. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 50:100500. doi: 10.1016/J.DMPK.2023.100500.
  • Brown DG, Wobst HJ. 2021. A Decade of FDA-Approved Drugs (2010-2019): Trends and Future Directions. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 64(5):2312–2338. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01516.
  • Carey MC, Small DM, Bliss CM. 1983. Lipid Digestion and Absorption. Annual Review of Physiology. 45(1):651–677. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.45.030183.003251.
  • Chen CN, Lin CPC, Huang KK, Chen WC, Hsieh HP, Liang PH, Hsu JTA. 2005. Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3C-like Protease Activity by Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2(2):209. doi: 10.1093/ECAM/NEH081.
  • Chen S, Wan L, Couch L, Lin H, Li Y, Dobrovolsky VN, Mei N, Guo L. 2013. Mechanism study of goldenseal-associated DNA damage. Toxicology letters. 221(1):64–72. doi: 10.1016/J.TOXLET.2013.05.641.
  • Chen H, Yuan L, Ma X, Gong ZP, Li YT, Chen SY, Pan J, Wang AM, Zheng L, Huang Y. 2021. Herb-drug interaction: The effect of Polygonum capitatum extract on pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 195. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113832.
  • Choi SI, Heo TR, Min BH, Cui JH, Choi BH, Park SR. 2007. Alleviation of osteoarthritis by calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (CG) isolated from Astragali radix (AR) in rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 15(9):1086–1092. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.015.
  • Chun OK, Kim DO, Smith N, Schroeder D, Han JT, Chang YL. 2005. Daily consumption of phenolics and total antioxidant capacity from fruit and vegetables in the American diet. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 85(10):1715–1724. doi: 10.1002/JSFA.2176.
  • Clarke JD, Judson SM, Tian D, Kirby TO, Tanna RS, Matula‐Péntek A, Horváth M, Layton ME, White JR, Cech NB, Thummel KE, McCune JS, Shen DD, Paine MF. 2023. Co‐consuming green tea with raloxifene decreases raloxifene systemic exposure in healthy adult participants. Clinical and Translational Science. 16(10):1779–1790. doi: 10.1111/cts.13578.
  • Cox EJ, Tian D-D, Clarke JD, Rettie AE, Unadkat JD, Thummel KE, McCune JS, Paine MF. 2021. Modeling Pharmacokinetic Natural Product-Drug Interactions for Decision-Making: A NaPDI Center Recommended Approach. Pharmacological reviews. 73(2):847–859. doi: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000106.
  • Cui Y, Ma Y, Li Y, Song H, Dong Z. 2022. Influence of schisantherin A on the pharmacokinetics of lenvatinib in rats and its potential mechanism. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology. 13(2):802–811. doi: 10.21037/jgo-22-174.
  • Custodio JM, Wu CY, Benet LZ. 2008. PREDICTING DRUG DISPOSITION, ABSORPTION / ELIMINATION / TRANSPORTER INTERPLAY AND THE ROLE OF FOOD ON DRUG ABSORPTION. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 60(6):717. doi: 10.1016/J.ADDR.2007.08.043.
  • Dahan A, Miller JM. 2012. The solubility-permeability interplay and its implications in formulation design and development for poorly soluble drugs. The AAPS journal. 14(2):244–51. doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9337-6.
  • Dahlgren D, Venczel M, Ridoux J-P, Skjöld C, Müllertz A, Holm R, Augustijns P, Hellström PM, Lennernäs H. 2021. Fasted and fed state human duodenal fluids: Characterization, drug solubility, and comparison to simulated fluids and with human bioavailability. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 163:240–251. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.005.
  • Dickinson A, Mackay D. 2014. Health habits and other characteristics of dietary supplement users: a review. Nutrition Journal. 13(1):14. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-14.
  • Dresser GK, Bailey DG, Leake BF, Schwarz UI, Dawson PA, Freeman DJ, Kim RB. 2002. Fruit juices inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptide-mediated drug uptake to decrease the oral availability of fexofenadine. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 71(1):11–20. doi: 10.1067/MCP.2002.121152.
  • Drozdzik M, Gröer C, Penski J, Lapczuk J, Ostrowski M, Lai Y, Prasad B, Unadkat JD, Siegmund W, Oswald S. 2014. Protein abundance of clinically relevant multidrug transporters along the entire length of the human intestine. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 11(10):3547–3555. doi: 10.1021/mp500330y.
  • Du W, Hu J, Liang J, Yang X, Fang B, Ma G. 2023. Effect of Astragali radix extract on pharmacokinetic behavior of dapagliflozin in healthy and type 2 diabetic rats. Frontiers in pharmacology. 14:1214658. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1214658.
  • Estudante M, Morais JG, Soveral G, Benet LZ. 2012. Intestinal drug transporters: An overview ⋆. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 65(10):1340–1356. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.042.
  • Fine-Shamir N, Dahan A. 2024. Solubility-enabling formulations for oral delivery of lipophilic drugs: considering the solubility-permeability interplay for accelerated formulation development. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 21(1):13–29. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2298247.
  • Fischer SM, Parmentier J, Buckley ST, Reimold I, Brandl M, Fricker G. 2012. Oral bioavailability of ketoprofen in suspension and solution formulations in rats: the influence of poloxamer 188. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 64(11):1631–1637. doi: 10.1111/J.2042-7158.2012.01541.X.
  • Flora SJS, Pachauri V. 2010. Chelation in Metal Intoxication. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 7(7):2745. doi: 10.3390/IJERPH7072745.
  • Fornasier F, Souza LMP, Souza FR, Reynaud F, Pimentel AS. 2020. Lipophilicity of Coarse-Grained Cholesterol Models. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 60(2):569–577. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00830.
  • Friedman J, Sheeder J, Lazorwitz A, Polotsky AJ. 2023. Herbal supplement use among reproductive-aged women in an academic infertility practice. F&S Reports. 4(1):104. doi: 10.1016/J.XFRE.2022.12.001.
  • Funaguchi N, Ohno Y, La BLB, Asai T, Yuhgetsu H, Sawada M, Takemura G, Minatoguchi S, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H. 2007. Narirutin inhibits airway inflammation in an allergic mouse model. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 34(8):766–770. doi: 10.1111/J.1440-1681.2007.04636.X.
  • Funai Y, Takemura M, Inoue K, Shirasaka Y. 2022. Effect of ingested fluid volume and solution osmolality on intestinal drug absorption: Impact on drug interaction with beverages. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 172:106136. doi: 10.1016/J.EJPS.2022.106136.
  • Ge J, Tan B-X, Chen Y, Yang L, Peng X-C, Li H-Z, Lin H-J, Zhao Y, Wei M, Cheng K, Li L-H, Dong H, Gao F, He J-P, Wu Y, Qiu M, Zhao Y-L, Su J-M, Hou J-M, Liu J-Y. 2011. Interaction of green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate with sunitinib: potential risk of diminished sunitinib bioavailability. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany). 89(6):595–602. doi: 10.1007/s00109-011-0737-3.
  • Ge G, Zhao J, Zheng J, Zhou X, Zhao M, Sun W. 2022. Green tea polyphenols bind to soy proteins and decrease the activity of soybean trypsin inhibitors (STIs) in heated soymilk. Food & Function. 13(12):6726–6736. doi: 10.1039/D2FO00316C.
  • Goldenseal | NCCIH. Available athttps://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/goldenseal (accessed December 11, 2023).
  • Gomaa EZ. 2020. Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020 113:12. 113(12):2019–2040. doi: 10.1007/S10482-020-01474-7.
  • Gong AGW, Duan R, Wang HY, Kong XP, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK, Chan K. 2018. Evaluation of the Pharmaceutical Properties and Value of Astragali Radix. Medicines. 5(2):46. doi: 10.3390/MEDICINES5020046.
  • Gurley BJ, Swain A, Hubbard MA, Hartsfield F, Thaden J, Williams DK, Gentry WB, Tong Y. 2008. Supplementation With Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), but not Kava Kava (Piper methysticum), Inhibits Human CYP3A Activity In Vivo. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 83(1):61–69. doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100222.
  • Haiser HJ, Gootenberg DB, Chatman K, Sirasani G, Balskus EP, Turnbaugh PJ. 2013. Predicting and manipulating cardiac drug inactivation by the human gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta. Science (New York, N.Y.). 341(6143):295. doi: 10.1126/SCIENCE.1235872.
  • Han H, Akiyoshi T, Morita T, Tsuchitani T, Nabeta M, Yajima K, Imaoka A, Ohtani H. 2023. The Effects of Jabara Juice on the Intestinal Permeation of Fexofenadine. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 46(12):b23-00479. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00479.
  • He H-F. 2017. Research progress on theaflavins: efficacy, formation, and preparation. Food & Nutrition Research. 61(1):1344521. doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1344521.
  • Hitoshi K, Katoh M, Tanaka Y, Kurono S, Hotta K, Saito H, Hasegawa T, Nadai M. 2012. Mechanism of drug interaction between a Kampo medicine, byakkokaninjinto, and tetracycline in rats. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 18(1):75–82. doi: 10.1007/s10156-011-0294-2.
  • Hou K, Wu ZX, Chen XY, Wang JQ, Zhang D, Xiao C, Zhu D, Koya JB, Wei L, Li J, Chen ZS. 2022. Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022 7:1. 7(1):1–28. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4.
  • Huang G hui, Gao Y, Wu Z jun, Yang Y, Huang DD, Chen WS, Sun LN. 2015. Chemical constituents from Polygonum capitatum Buch-Ham. ex D. Don. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 59:8–11. doi: 10.1016/J.BSE.2014.12.012.
  • Hunter CN. 1995. Light-Harvesting Complex: Rings of light. Current Biology. 5(8):826–828. doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00163-1.
  • Ikeda I, Imasato Y, Sasaki E, Nakayama M, Nagao H, Takeo T, Yayabe F, Sugano M. 1992. Tea catechins decrease micellar solubility and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1127(2):141–6. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90269-2.
  • Ikeda H, Moriwaki H, Matsubara T, Yukawa M, Iwase Y, Yukawa E, Aki H. 2012a. [Mechanism of interaction between risperidone and tea catechin (2) influence of presence of galloyl group in catechin on insoluble complex formation with risperidone]. Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 132(1):145–53. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.132.145.
  • Ikeda H, Tsuji E, Matsubara T, Yukawa M, Fujisawa M, Yukawa E, Aki H. 2012b. Incompatibility between propericiazine oral solution and tea-based drink. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 60(9):1207–11. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00116.
  • Ikeda H, Yamanaka M, Takahashi S, Ohata T, Yukawa M, Nakashima R, Tsutsumi H, Fujisawa M, Aki H. 2022. Drug-Tea Polyphenol Interaction (III) Incompatibility between Aripiprazole Oral Solution and Green Tea. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin. 70(3):230–234. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00746.
  • Iwashita J, Iguchi N, Takashima A, Watanabe D, Sano K, Ishikuro M, Hata K, Murata J, Iwashita J, Iguchi N, Takashima A, Watanabe D, Sano K, Ishikuro M, Hata K, Murata J. 2017. Citrus jabara Extracts Suppress MUC5AC Mucin Production in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Advances in Biological Chemistry. 7(3):139–150. doi: 10.4236/ABC.2017.73009.
  • Jeon H, Jang IJ, Lee S, Ohashi K, Kotegawa T, Ieiri I, Cho JY, Yoon SH, Shin SG, Yu KS, Lim KS. 2013. Apple juice greatly reduces systemic exposure to atenolol. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 75(1):172. doi: 10.1111/J.1365-2125.2012.04324.X.
  • Jeon SY, Park J-H, Kwon MJ, Choi M-K, Song I-S. 2024. Effects of red ginseng extract on the pharmacokinetics and disposition of warfarin via intestinal Cyp2c11 modulation in rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation. 54(1):85–97. doi: 10.1007/s40005-023-00650-x.
  • Jones DR, Kim SY, Guderyon M, Yun CH, Moran JH, Miller GP. 2010. Hydroxywarfarin Metabolites Potently Inhibit CYP2C9 Metabolism of S-Warfarin. Chemical research in toxicology. 23(5):939. doi: 10.1021/TX1000283.
  • Jourova L, Anzenbacher P, Matuskova Z, Vecera R, Strojil J, Kolar M, Nobilis M, Hermanova P, Hudcovic T, Kozakova H, Kverka M, Anzenbacherova E. 2019. Gut microbiota metabolizes nabumetone in vitro: Consequences for its bioavailability in vivo in the rodents with altered gut microbiome. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems. 49(11):1296–1302. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1558310.
  • Kalvakuntla S, Deshpande M, Attari Z, Koteshwara KB. 2016. Preparation and characterization of nanosuspension of aprepitant by H96 process. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 6(1):83–90. doi: 10.15171/apb.2016.013.
  • Kara M, Hasinoff B, McKay D, Campbell N. 1991. Clinical and chemical interactions between iron preparations and ciprofloxacin. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 31(3):257–261. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05526.x.
  • Kellogg JJ, Graf TN, Paine MF, McCune JS, Kvalheim OM, Oberlies NH, Cech NB. 2017. Comparison of Metabolomics Approaches for Evaluating the Variability of Complex Botanical Preparations: Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) as a Case Study. Journal of Natural Products. 80(5):1457–1466. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01156.
  • Kinghorn AD, Pan L, Fletcher JN, Chai H. 2011. The Relevance of Higher Plants in Lead Compound Discovery Programs. Journal of Natural Products. 74(6):1539–1555. doi: 10.1021/np200391c.
  • Kitamura S, Maeda K, Wang Y, Sugiyama Y. 2008. Involvement of Multiple Transporters in the Hepatobiliary Transport of Rosuvastatin. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 36(10):2014–2023. doi: 10.1124/DMD.108.021410.
  • Köhnke R, Lindqvist A, Göransson N, Emek SC, Albertsson PÅ, Rehfeld JF, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A, Erlanson-Albertsson C. 2009. Thylakoids suppress appetite by increasing cholecystokinin resulting in lower food intake and body weight in high-fat fed mice. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 23(12):1778–1783. doi: 10.1002/PTR.2855.
  • Kondo A, Narumi K, Okuhara K, Takahashi Y, Furugen A, Kobayashi M, Iseki K. 2019. Black tea extract and theaflavin derivatives affect the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin by modulating organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 2B1 activity. Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition. 40(8):302–306. doi: 10.1002/bdd.2202.
  • Liao SG, Zhang LJ, Sun F, Zhang JJ, Chen AY, Lan YY, Li YJ, Wang AM, He X, Xiong Y, Dong L, Chen XJ, Li YT, Zuo L, Wang YL. 2011. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts and fractions from Polygonum capitatum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 134(3):1006–1009. doi: 10.1016/J.JEP.2011.01.050.
  • Lomnitski L, Bergman M, Nyska A, Ben-Shaul V, Grossman S. 2003. Composition, efficacy, and safety of spinach extracts. Nutrition and cancer. 46(2):222–31. doi: 10.1207/S15327914NC4602_16.
  • Lynch KD, Montonye ML, Tian DD, Arman T, Oyanna VO, Bechtold BJ, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Paine MF, Clarke JD. 2021. Hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides mediate disposition of milk thistle flavonolignans and pharmacokinetic silymarin-drug interactions. Phytotherapy research : PTR. 35(6):3286–3297. doi: 10.1002/PTR.7049.
  • Manallack DT, Prankerd RJ, Yuriev E, Oprea TI, Chalmers DK. 2013. The Significance of Acid/Base Properties in Drug Discovery. Chemical Society reviews. 42(2):485. doi: 10.1039/C2CS35348B.
  • Mandal SK, Maji AK, Mishra SK, Ishfaq PM, Devkota HP, Silva AS, Das N. 2020. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) and its active constituents: A critical review of their efficacy and toxicological issues. Pharmacological Research. 160:105085. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105085.
  • Matsuda H, Ooi S, Otokozawa R, Kumazaki K, Udagawa E, Asakura M, Suzuki D, Shirai T. 2018. Intake of green-plant membrane with dietary oil suppresses postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in rats via promoting excretion of bile acids. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 82(1):114–119. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1409070.
  • Mechela A, Schwenkert S, Soll J. 2019. A brief history of thylakoid biogenesis. Open biology. 9(1):180237. doi: 10.1098/rsob.180237.
  • Mehta MU, Uppoor RS, Conner DP, Seo P, Vaidyanathan J, Volpe DA, Stier E, Chilukuri D, Dorantes A, Ghosh T, Mandula H, Raines K, Dhanormchitphong P, Woodcock J, Yu LX. 2017. Impact of the US FDA “Biopharmaceutics Classification System” (BCS) Guidance on Global Drug Development. Molecular pharmaceutics. 14(12):4334–4338. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00687.
  • Meng X, Mojaverian P, Doedée M, Lin E, Weinryb I, Chiang ST, Kowey PR. 2001. Bioavailability of amiodarone tablets administered with and without food in healthy subjects. The American journal of cardiology. 87(4):432–5. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01396-5.
  • Misaka S, Yatabe J, Müller F, Takano K, Kawabe K, Glaeser H, Yatabe MS, Onoue S, Werba JP, Watanabe H, Yamada S, Fromm MF, Kimura J. 2014. Green tea ingestion greatly reduces plasma concentrations of nadolol in healthy subjects. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 95(4):432–8. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2013.241.
  • Mudie DM, Amidon GL, Amidon GE. 2010. Physiological parameters for oral delivery and in vitro testing. Molecular pharmaceutics. 7(5):1388–405. doi: 10.1021/mp100149j.
  • Mukherjee PK, Ponnusankar S, Pandit S, Hazam PK, Ahmmed M, Mukherjee K. 2011. Botanicals as medicinal food and their effects on drug metabolizing enzymes. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 49(12):3142–3153. doi: 10.1016/J.FCT.2011.09.015.
  • Murata M, Fujioka H, Yokota J, Okada K, Yamashita T, Hirayama D, Kawakami K, Morinaga G, Saito A, Nakase H, Kishimoto W, Mizuguchi H. 2023. Regional Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Pharmacokinetics-Related Genes in Human Intestine. Molecular pharmaceutics. 20(6):2876–2890. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01002.
  • Murtaza G, Ullah N, Mukhtar F, Nawazish S, Muneer S, Mariam. 2017. Phytotherapeutics: The Emerging Role of Intestinal and Hepatocellular Transporters in Drug Interactions with Botanical Supplements. Molecules. 22(10):1699. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101699.
  • Muthumani T, Kumar RSS. 2007. Influence of fermentation time on the development of compounds responsible for quality in black tea. Food Chemistry. 101(1):98–102. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.008.
  • Nader AM, Quinney SK, Fadda HM, Foster DR. 2016. Effect of Gastric Fluid Volume on the in Vitro Dissolution and in Vivo Absorption of BCS Class II Drugs: A Case Study with Nifedipine. The AAPS journal. 18(4):981. doi: 10.1208/S12248-016-9918-X.
  • National Institutes of Health. 2020.Botanical Dietary Supplements. Available athttps://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/BotanicalBackground-Consumer/ (accessed February 1, 2024).
  • Nguyen JT, Tian D, Tanna RS, Hadi DL, Bansal S, Calamia JC, Arian CM, Shireman LM, Molnár B, Horváth M, Kellogg JJ, Layton ME, White JR, Cech NB, Boyce RD, Unadkat JD, Thummel KE, Paine MF. 2021. Assessing Transporter‐Mediated Natural Product‐Drug Interactions Via In vitro ‐ In Vivo Extrapolation: Clinical Evaluation With a Probe Cocktail. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 109(5):1342–1352. doi: 10.1002/cpt.2107.
  • Nurfaradilla SA, Saputri FC, Harahap Y. 2020. Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interaction between Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces Aqueous Extract and Captopril in Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020:1–8. doi: 10.1155/2020/5013898.
  • Obermeier MT, Yao M, Khanna A, Koplowitz B, Zhu M, Li W, Komoroski B, Kasichayanula S, Discenza L, Washburn W, Meng W, Ellsworth BA, Whaley JM, Humphreys WG. 2010. In vitro characterization and pharmacokinetics of dapagliflozin (BMS-512148), a potent sodium-glucose cotransporter type II inhibitor, in animals and humans. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 38(3):405–414. doi: 10.1124/DMD.109.029165.
  • Ogawa K, Hirose S, Nagaoka S, Yanase E. 2016. Interaction between Tea Polyphenols and Bile Acid Inhibits Micellar Cholesterol Solubility. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 64(1):204–9. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05088.
  • Ohata T, Ikeda H, Inenaga M, Mizobe T, Yukawa M, Fujisawa M, Aki H. 2017. Drug-tea polyphenol interaction (II) complexation of piperazine derivatives with green tea polyphenol. Thermochimica Acta. 653(Ii):1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.tca.2017.03.023.
  • Ohnishi M, Hitoshi K, Katoh M, Nadai M, Abe F, Kurono S, Saito H, Haniuda M, Hasegawa T. 2009. Effect of a Kampo Preparation, Byakkokaninjinto, on Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 32(6):1080–1084. doi: 10.1248/bpb.32.1080.
  • Omori H, Nakahara K, Umano K. 2011. Characterization of aroma compounds in the peel extract of Jabara (Citrus jabara Hort. ex Tanaka). Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 26(6):396–402. doi: 10.1002/FFJ.2066.
  • Oyanna VO, Bechtold BJ, Lynch KD, Ridge Call M, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Clarke JD. 2024. Green Tea Catechins Decrease Solubility of Raloxifene In Vitro and Its Systemic Exposure in Mice. Pharmaceutical Research. 41(3):557–566. doi: 10.1007/s11095-024-03662-w.
  • Oyanna VO, Garcia-Torres KY, Bechtold BJ, Lynch KD, Call MR, Horváth M, Manwill PK, Graf TN, Cech NB, Oberlies NH, Paine MF, Clarke JD. 2023. Goldenseal-Mediated Inhibition of Intestinal Uptake Transporters Decreases Metformin Systemic Exposure in Mice. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 51(11):1483–1489. doi: 10.1124/dmd.123.001360.
  • Pang B, Zhao L-H, Zhou Q, Zhao T-Y, Wang H, Gu C-J, Tong X-L. 2015. Application of Berberine on Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2015:1–12. doi: 10.1155/2015/905749.
  • Pant A, Maiti TK, Mahajan D, Das B. 2023. Human Gut Microbiota and Drug Metabolism. Microbial Ecology. 86(1):1. doi: 10.1007/S00248-022-02081-X.
  • Rebello CJ, Chu J, Beyl R, Edwall D, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Greenway FL. 2015. Acute Effects of a Spinach Extract Rich in Thylakoids on Satiety: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 34(6):470–477. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2014.1003999.
  • Ren Y, Zhu R, You X, Li D, Guo M, Fei B, Liu Y, Yang X, Liu X, Li Y. 2024. Quercetin: a promising virulence inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasB in vitro. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 108(1):1–20. doi: 10.1007/S00253-023-12890-W.
  • Riethorst D, Mols R, Duchateau G, Tack J, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. 2016. Characterization of Human Duodenal Fluids in Fasted and Fed State Conditions. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 105(2):673–681. doi: 10.1002/jps.24603.
  • Roberts JL, Moreau R. 2016. Functional properties of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) phytochemicals and bioactives. Food & Function. 7(8):3337–3353. doi: 10.1039/C6FO00051G.
  • Rouseff RL, Youtsey CO, Martin SF. 1987. Quantitative Survey of Narirutin, Naringin, Hesperidin, and Neohesperidin in Citrus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 35(6):1027–1030. doi: 10.1021/JF00078A040.
  • Said HM, Balamurugan K, Subramanian VS, Marchant JS. 2004. Expression and functional contribution of hTHTR-2 in thiamin absorption in human intestine. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 286(3):G491–G498. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00361.2003.
  • Saito Y, Usami T, Katoh M, Nadai M. 2019. Effects of Thylakoid-Rich Spinach Extract on the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs in Rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 42(1):103–109. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00632.
  • Sakakibara T, Sawada Y, Wang J, Nagaoka S, Yanase E. 2019. Molecular Mechanism by Which Tea Catechins Decrease the Micellar Solubility of Cholesterol. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67(25):7128–7135. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02265.
  • Shahid M, Ahmad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alkharfy KM, Ahad A, Abul Kalam M, Ahmad Ansari M, Iqbal M, Ali N, Al-Jenoobi FI. 2023. Herb-drug interaction: Effect of sinapic acid on the pharmacokinetics of dasatinib in rats. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 31(11):101819. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101819.
  • Shayeganpour A, El-Kadi AOS, Brocks DR. 2006. Determination of the enzyme(s) involved in the metabolism of amiodarone in liver and intestine of rat: The contribution of cytochrome P450 3A isoforms. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 34(1):43–50. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.006742.
  • Shimizu T. 2013. Efficacy of Kampo Medicine in Treating Atopic Dermatitis: An Overview. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013:1–5. doi: 10.1155/2013/260235.
  • Shimizu T, Kitajima A, Nonaka K, Yoshioka T, Ohta S, Goto S, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Mochizuki T, Nagasaki H, Kaminuma E, Nakamura Y. 2016. Hybrid Origins of Citrus Varieties Inferred from DNA Marker Analysis of Nuclear and Organelle Genomes. PLoS ONE. 11(11):166969. doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0166969.
  • Shimojo Y, Ozawa Y, Toda T, Igami K, Shimizu T. 2018. Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei A221 improves the functionality and bioavailability of kaempferol-glucoside in kale by its glucosidase activity. Scientific reports. 8(1). doi: 10.1038/S41598-018-27532-9.
  • Shin KC, Seo MJ, Oh DK. 2014. Characterization of β-xylosidase from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum and its application to the production of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rh 1 from notoginsenosides R 1 and R 2. Biotechnology letters. 36(11):2275–2281. doi: 10.1007/S10529-014-1604-4.
  • Shitara Y, Hirano M, Sato H, Sugiyama Y. 2004. Gemfibrozil and its glucoronide inhibit the organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (OATP2/OATP1B1:SLC21A6)-mediated hepatic uptake and CYP2C8-mediated metabolism of cerivastatin: Analysis of the mechanism of the clinically relevant drug-drug interaction. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 311(1):228–236. doi: 10.1124/jpet.104.068536.
  • Da Silva ARA, De Morais SM, Mendes Marques MM, De Oliveira DF, Barros CC, De Almeida RR, Vieira ÍGP, Guedes MIF. 2012. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two Spondias species from Northeastern Brazil. Pharmaceutical Biology. 50(6):740–746. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2011.627347.
  • Singh BN. 1999. Effects of Food on Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 37(3):213–255. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199937030-00003.
  • Smith T, Resetar H, Morton C. 2022. US Sales of Herbal Supplements Increase by 9.7% in 2021. (136):42–69.
  • Du Souich P, Lery N, Lery L, Varin F, Boucher S, Vezina M, Pilon D, Spenard J, Caillé G. 1990. Influence of food on the bioavailability of diltiazem and two of its metabolites following the administration of conventional tablets and slow-release capsules. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition. 11(2):137–47. doi: 10.1002/bdd.2510110206.
  • Stieger B, Mahdi ZM, Jäger W. 2017. Intestinal and Hepatocellular Transporters: Therapeutic Effects and Drug Interactions of Herbal Supplements. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 57(1):399–416. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-105010.
  • Stojković A, Tajber L, Paluch KJ, Djurić Z, Parojčić J, Corrigan OI. 2014. Biopharmaceutical characterisation of ciprofloxacin-metallic ion interactions: comparative study into the effect of aluminium, calcium, zinc and iron on drug solubility and dissolution. Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia). 64(1):77–88. doi: 10.2478/acph-2014-0007.
  • Sun Q, Li L, Zhou Q. 2022. Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Schisandra sphenanthera on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin in Rats. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. Volume 16:1473–1481. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S364234.
  • Sunagawa M, Yamaguchi K, Tsukada M, Ebihara N, Ikemoto H, Hisamitsu T. 2018. Kampo (Traditional Japanese Herbal) Formulae for Treatment of Stomatitis and Oral Mucositis. Medicines. 5(4):130. doi: 10.3390/medicines5040130.
  • Sunesen VH, Vedelsdal R, Kristensen HG, Christrup L, Müllertz A. 2005. Effect of liquid volume and food intake on the absolute bioavailability of danazol, a poorly soluble drug. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 24(4):297–303. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.11.005.
  • Tanaka A, Furubayashi T, Enomura Y, Hori T, Shimomura R, Maeda C, Kimura S, Inoue D, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. 2017. Nasal Drug Absorption from Powder Formulations: Effect of Fluid Volume Changes on the Mucosal Surface. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 40(2):212–219. doi: 10.1248/BPB.B16-00787.
  • Uchida R, Kato M, Hattori Y, Kikuchi H, Watanabe E, Kobayashi K, Nishida K. 2020. Identification of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) as an Active Component Citrus Jabara That Suppresses FcεRI-Mediated Mast Cell Activation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21(7). doi: 10.3390/IJMS21072472.
  • de Waal T, Rubbens J, Grimm M, Vandecaveye V, Tack J, Weitschies W, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. 2020. Exploring the Effect of Esomeprazole on Gastric and Duodenal Fluid Volumes and Absorption of Ritonavir. Pharmaceutics. 12(7):1–16. doi: 10.3390/PHARMACEUTICS12070670.
  • Wang Y, Guan WX, Zhou Y, Zhang XY, Zhao HJ. 2024. Red ginseng polysaccharide promotes ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway through down-regulation of AQP3. Cancer Biology and Therapy. 25(1). doi: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2284849.
  • Wang J, Qin Y, Jiang J, Shan H, Zhao C, Li S. 2023a. The Effect of Theaflavins on the Gut Microbiome and Metabolites in Diabetic Mice. Foods. 12(20). doi: 10.3390/FOODS12203865.
  • Wang P, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Cao H, Kong L, Ma W, Ren W. 2023b. A review of the botany, phytochemistry, traditional uses, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of the Astragalus memeranaceus. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 14. doi: 10.3389/FPHAR.2023.1242318/FULL.
  • Wang ZT, Xue Y, Sun H, Zhang Z, Tang ZJ, Liu SB, Cai WM. 2020. Effect of tea polyphenols on the oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and its in vitro metabolism. Journal of Food Science. 85(4):1285–1291. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15096.
  • Wasef AK, Wahdan SA, Saeed NM, El-Demerdash E. 2022. Effects of aged garlic and ginkgo biloba extracts on the pharmacokinetics of sofosbuvir in rats. Biopharmaceutics and Drug Disposition. 43(4):152–162. doi: 10.1002/bdd.2326.
  • Wenzel C, Drozdzik M, Oswald S. 2021. Organic Cation Transporter 1 an Intestinal Uptake Transporter: Fact or Fiction? Frontiers in Pharmacology. 12(April):1–16. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648388.
  • Wu C-Y, Benet LZ. 2005. Predicting Drug Disposition via Application of BCS: Transport/Absorption/ Elimination Interplay and Development of a Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System. Pharmaceutical Research. 22(1):11–23. doi: 10.1007/s11095-004-9004-4.
  • Wu X, Ma J, Ye Y, Lin G. 2016. Transporter modulation by Chinese herbal medicines and its mediated pharmacokinetic herb–drug interactions. Journal of Chromatography B. 1026:236–253. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.024.
  • Yang J, Hasegawa J, Endo Y, Iitsuka K, Yamamoto M, Matsuda A. 2019. Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Between Rosuvastatin and Tanjin in Healthy Volunteers and Rats. Yonago Acta Medica. 62(1):77. doi: 10.33160/YAM.2019.03.011.
  • Yoo HH, Kim IS, Yoo DH, Kim DH. 2016. Effects of orally administered antibiotics on the bioavailability of amlodipine: Gut microbiota-mediated drug interaction. Journal of Hypertension. 34(1):156–162. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000773.
  • Yu T, Xu J, Wang Q, Han X, Tu Y, Wang Y, Luo W, Wang M, Liang G. 2023. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits angiotensin-2 mediated cardiac remodeling and inflammation associated with suppression of the JNK/AP-1 pathway. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 169:115880. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115880.
  • Zhang S, Mo F, Luo Z, Huang J, Sun C, Zhang R. 2015. Flavonoid Glycosides of Polygonum capitatum Protect against Inflammation Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection. PLoS ONE. 10(5). doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0126584.
  • Zhang W, Sun Y, Wei S, Wei B, Xu X, Tang Y. 2021. Untargeted metabolomics reveals the mechanism of quercetin enhancing the bioavailability of ticagrelor. Biomedical Chromatography. 35(12):e5206. doi: 10.1002/BMC.5206.
  • Zhang F, Zhang T, Gong J, Fang Q, Qi S, Li M, Han Y, Liu W, Ge G. 2022. The Chinese herb Styrax triggers pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions via inhibiting intestinal CYP3A. Frontiers in pharmacology. 13:974578. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974578.
  • Zheng L, Lu Y, Cao X, Huang Y, Liu Y, Tang L, Liao S-G, Wang A-M, Li Y-J, Lan Y-Y, Wang Y-L. 2014. Evaluation of the impact of Polygonum capitatum, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by using a cocktail of probe drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 158(PART A):276–282. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.031.
  • Zhou H, Liu Y, Su Y, Ji P, Kong L, Sun R, Zhang D, Xu H, Li W, Li W. 2024. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic liver damage by activating Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting inflammasomes in hepatic cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 324:117794. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117794.
  • Zuo H-L, Huang H-Y, Lin Y-C-D, Cai X-X, Kong X-J, Luo D-L, Zhou Y-H, Huang H-D. 2022. Enzyme Activity of Natural Products on Cytochrome P450. Molecules. 27(2):515. doi: 10.3390/molecules27020515.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.