Effect of the Electroplating Process Waste upon Vulcanization and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber (NR) Compositions

REFERENCES

• Mohan , D. ; Pittman , C.U. Activated carbons and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri- and hexavalent chromium from water . J. Hazard. Mater. 2006 , 137 ( 2 ), 762 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurniawan , T.A. ; Chan , G.Y.S. ; et al. . Comparisons of low-cost adsorbents for treating wastewaters laden with heavy metals . Sci. Total Environ. 2006 , 366 ( 2–3 ), 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordão , C.P. ; Fialho , L.L. ; et al. . Effects of Cu, Ni and Zn on lettuce grown in metal-enriched vermicompost amended soil . Water Air Soil Poll. 2006 , 172 ( 1–4 ), 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Ewecharoen , A. ; Thiravetyan , P. ; Nakbanpote , W. Comparison of nickel adsorption from electroplating rinse water by coir pith and modified coir pith . Chem. Eng. J. 2008 , 137 ( 2 ), 181 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Costa , H.M. ; Visconte , L.L.Y. ; Nunes , R.C.R. ; Furtado , C.R.G. Rice-husk-ash-filled natural rubber. II. Partial replacement of commercial fillers and the effect on the vulcanization process . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003 , 87 , 1405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da Costa , H.M. ; Visconte , L.L.Y. ; Nunes , R.C.R. ; Furtado , C.R.G. Rice husk ash filled natural rubber. III. Role of metal oxides in kinetics of sulfur vulcanization . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003 , 90 , 1519 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh , P. ; Katare , S. ; et al. . Sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber for benzothiazole accelerated formulations: From reaction mechanisms to a rational kinetic model . Rubber Chem. Technol. 2003 , 76 ( 3 ), 592 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , R.H. ; Wise , R.W. Vulcanization. Part II. Fate of curing system during sulfur curing of NR accelerated by MBT derivatives and activated by zinc stearate . Rubber Chem. Technol. 1964 , 37 , 650 .
   Google Scholar
• Heideman , G. ; Datta , R.N. ; et al. . Activators in accelerated sulfur vulcanization . Rubber Chem. Technol. 2004 , 77 ( 3 ), 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao , F. ; Zhang , P. ; et al. . Characterization of elastomer networks by NMR parameters. Part III – Influence of activators on the network dynamics of NR vulcanizates . KGK – Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 2008 , 61 ( 5 ), 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Shumane , M. ; Gradwell , M.H.S. ; McGill , W.J. Dimethylammonium dimethyldithiocarbamate-accelerated sulfur vulcanization. I. Thermal stability and reactions with curatives . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001 , 82 ( 12 ), 3067 .
   Google Scholar
• Shumane , M. ; Gradwell , M.H.S. ; McGill , W.J. Dimethylammonium dimethyldithiocarbamate-accelerated sulfur vulcanization. II. Vulcanization of rubbers and model compound 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001 , 82 ( 12 ), 3074 .
   Google Scholar
• Gradwell , M.H.S. ; Grooff , D. Comparison of tetraethyl- and tetramethylthiuram disulfide vulcanization. I. Reactions in the absence of rubber . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001 , 80 ( 12 ), 2292 .
   Google Scholar
• Jona , E. ; Ondrusova , D. ; et al. . A study of curative interactions in the presence of cobalt(II) stearate . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001 , 81 ( 12 ), 2936 .
   Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuizen , P.J. Zinc accelerator complexes. Versatile homogeneous catalysts in sulfur vulcanization . Appl. Catal. A-Gen. 2001 , 207 ( 1–2 ), 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuizen , P.J. ; Van Veen , J.M. ; et al. . Homogeneous zinc(II) catalysis in accelerated vulcanization IV. The mechanism of cross-line desulfuration . Rubber Chem. Technol. 1999 , 72 ( 1 ), 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Barton , B.C. ; Hart , E.J. Variables controlling the cross-linking reactions in rubber . Rubber Chem. Technol. 1953 , 26 , 510 .
   Google Scholar
• Milligan , B. Vulcanization accelerator and activator complexes. 2. Chemistry of amine and zinc carboxylate complexes of zinc and cadmium benzothiazolyl mercaptides . Rubber Chem. Technol. 1966 , 39 , 1115 .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , T.D. ; Watson , A.A. EV systems for NR. Part I. The purpose of efficient vulcanization and development of curing system . Rubber Chem. Technol. 1968 , 41 , 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Russel , R.M. ; Skinner , T.D. ; Watson , A.A. EV systems for NR. Part II. Further development of curing systems and vulcanizate properties . Rubber Chem. Technol. 1968 , 41 , 418 .
   Google Scholar
• Mark , J.E. ; Erman , B. ; Eirich , F.R. The Science of Rubber Compounding , Academic Press : New York , 1994 .
   Google Scholar
• da Costa , H.M. ; Visconte , L.L.Y. ; Nunes , R.C.R. ; Furtado , C.R.G. Rice husk ash filled natural rubber. I. Overall rate constant determination for the vulcanization process from rheometric data . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003 , 87 , 1194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar