Technical Relevance of Polymer/Cement/Carbon Nanotube Composite: Opportunities and Challenges

References

• Han, B.; Zhang, L.; Sun, S.; Yu, X.; Dong, X.; Wu, T.; Ou, J. Electrostatic self-assembled carbon nanotube/nano carbon black composite fillers reinforced cement-based materials with multifunctionality. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manufact. 2005, 79, 103–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akram, Z.; Kausar, A.; Siddiq, M. A review on polymer/carbon nanotube composite focusing polystyrene microsphere and polystyrene microsphere/modified CNT composite: Preparation, properties and significance. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2015, 55, 582–603. doi:10.1080/03602559.2015.1098696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehwish, N.; Kausar, A.; Siddiq, M. Polyvinylidenefluoride/poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)/silver nanoparticle-grafted-acid chloride functional MWCNTs-based nanocomposites: Preparation and properties. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2015, 54, 474–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, F.; Kausar, A.; Siddiq, M. A review on properties and fabrication techniques of polymer/carbon nanotube composites and polymer intercalated buckypapers. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2015, 54, 1524–1539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jabeen, S.; Kausar, A.; Muhammad, B.; Gul, S.; Farooq, M. A review on polymeric nanocomposites of nanodiamond, carbon nanotube and nanobifiller: Structure, preparation and properties. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2015, 54, 1379–1409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranade, R.; Zhang, J.; Lynch, J.P.; Li, V.C. Influence of micro-cracking on the composite resistivity of engineered cementitious composites. Cem. Concr. Res. 2014, 58, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharap, P.; Li, Z.; Nagarajaiah, S.; Barrera, E.V. Nanotube film based on single-wall carbon nanotubes for strain sensing. Nanotechnology 2004, 15, 379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banthia, N.; Djeridane, S.; Pigeon, M. Electrical resistivity of carbon and steel micro-fiber reinforced cements. Cem. Concr. Res. 1992, 22, 804–814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z.X.; Yang, X.M.; Li, Z. Application of cement-based piezoelectric sensors for monitoring traffic flows. J. Transport. Eng. 2006, 132, 565–573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konsta-Gdoutos, M.S.; Aza, C.A. Self sensing carbon nanotube (CNT) and nanofiber (CNF) cementitious composites for real time damage assessment in smart structures. Cem. Concr. Comp. 2014, 53, 162–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vadlamani, V.K.; Chalivendra, V.B.; Shukla, A.; Yang, S. Sensing of damage in carbon nanotubes and carbon black‐embedded epoxy under tensile loading. Polym. Compos. 2012, 33, 1809–1815.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeder, N.J.; Shukla, A.; Chalivendra, V.; Yang, S.; Park, K. Electrical response of carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites under static and dynamic loading. Exp. Mech. 2012, 52, 315–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan, W.H.; Wang, Q.; Collins, F. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes with SDS surfactants: a study from a binding energy perspective. Chem. Sci. 2011, 2, 1407–1413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H.K.; Park, I.S.; Lee, H.K. Improved piezoresistive sensitivity and stability of CNT/cement mortar composites with low water–binder ratio. Compos. Struct. 2014, 116, 713–719.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanch, A.J.; Lenehan, C.E.; Quinton, J.S. Parametric analysis of sonication and centrifugation variables for dispersion of single walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Carbon 2011, 49, 5213–5228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilding, J.; Grulke, E.A.; George Zhang, Z.; Lockwood, F. Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in liquids. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 2003, 24, 1–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metaxa, Z.S.; Seo, J.W.T.; Konsta-Gdoutos, M.S.; Hersam, M.C.; Shah, S.P. Highly concentrated carbon nanotube admixture for nano-fiber reinforced cementitious materials. Cem. Concr. Res. Compos. 2012, 34, 612–617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inam, F.; Vo, T.; Jones, J.P.; Lee, X. Effect of carbon nanotube lengths on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin: An experimental study. J. Compos. Mater. 2013, 47, 2321–2330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou, B.; Chen, S.J.; Korayem, A.H.; Collins, F.; Wang, C.M.; Duan, W.H. Effect of ultrasonication energy on engineering properties of carbon nanotube reinforced cement pastes. Carbon 2015, 85, 212–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q.; Li, V.C. Development of durable spray-applied fire-resistive engineered cementitious composites (SFR-ECC). Cem. Concr. Compos. 2015, 60, 10–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gann, R.G.; Hamins, A.; McGrattan, K.; Nelson, H.E.; Ohlemiller, T.J.; Prasad, K.R.; Pitts, W.M. Reconstruction of the fires and thermal environment in World Trade Center buildings 1, 2, and 7. Fire Technol. 2013, 49, 679–707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braxtan, N.L.; Pessiki, S.P. Postearthquake fire performance of sprayed fire-resistive material on steel moment frames. J. Struct. Eng. 2011, 137, 946–953.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, W.J.; Pessiki, S. Effect of earthquake-induced damage to spray-applied fire-resistive insulation on the response of steel moment-frame beam-column connections during fire exposure. J. Fire Protect. Eng. 2012, 22, 271–299.
   Google Scholar
• Ryder, N.L.; Wolin, S.D.; Milke, J.A. An investigation of the reduction in fire resistance of steel columns caused by loss of spray-applied fire protection. J. Fire Protect. Eng. 2002, 12, 31–44.
   Google Scholar
• Aizawa, S.; Kakizawa, T.; Higasino, M. Case studies of smart materials for civil structures. Smart Mater. Struct. 1998, 7, 617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milke, J.A.; Ryder, N.; Wolin, S. Analyses of the impact of loss of spray-applied fire protection on the fire resistance of steel columns. Fire Safe. Sci. 2003, 7, 1025–1036.
   Google Scholar
• Tzou, H.S.; Lee, H.J.; Arnold, S.M. Smart materials, precision sensors/actuators, smart structures, and structronic systems. Mechan. Adv. Mater. Struct. 2004, 11, 367–393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felekoglu, B.; Tosun-Felekoglu, K.; Ranade, R.; Zhang, Q.; Li, V.C. Influence of matrix flowability, fiber mixing procedure, and curing conditions on the mechanical performance of HTPP-ECC. Compos. Part B Eng. 2014, 60, 359–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banno, H. Recent developments of piezoelectric composites in Japan. In: Saite, S., ed. Adv Ceramics. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1988; pp. 8–26.
   Google Scholar
• Wetherhold, R.C.; Panthalingal, N. Piezoelectric PZT/epoxy composites for sensing and actuating torsional motion. In 1993 North American Conference on Smart Structures and Materials. International Society for Optics and Photonics. Albuquerque, NM, February 1, 1993, 266–274.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, R.; Meyer, C. Performance of cement mortar made with recycled high impact polystyrene. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2012, 34, 975–981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai, E.; Nikaido, Y.; Itoh, T.; Daimon, M. Ettringite formation and microstructure of rapid hardening cement. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2004, 34, 1669–1673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo, N.; Nikaido, Y.; Sakai, E.; Daimon, M. Relation between ettringite formation and the development of strength for rapid hardening cement. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1997, 2, 2ii017.
   Google Scholar
• Teramura, S.; Matsunaga, Y.; Hirano, K.; Handa, M.; Sakai, E. 1993. Accelerator for shotcerete based amorphos calcium aluminate. In Shotcrete for Underground Support VI. ASCE; pp. 9–16.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S.W.; Park, J.J.; Kang, S.T.; Ryo, G.S.; Koh, K.T. Development of ultra high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC) in Korea. In Proceedings of the 4th International IABMAS Conference, Seoul, Korea, 2008, 110.
   Google Scholar
• Yoo, D.Y.; Park, J.J.; Kim, S.W.; Yoon, Y.S. Characteristics of early-age restrained shrinkage and tensile creep of ultra-high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC). J. Korea Concr. Institut. 2011, 23, 581–590.
   Google Scholar
• Yoo, D.Y.; Park, J.J.; Kim, S.W.; Yoon, Y.S. Early age setting, shrinkage and tensile characteristics of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete. Construct. Build. Mater. 2013, 41, 427–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamen, A.; Denarié, E.; Sadouki, H.; Brühwiler, E. UHPFRC tensile creep at early age. Mater. Struct. 2009, 42, 113–122.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarmakovsky, V.N.; Pustovgar, A.P. The scientific basis for the creation of a composite binders class, characterized of the low heat conductivity and low sorption activity of cement stone. Procedia Eng. 2015, 111, 864–870.
   Google Scholar
• Gao, X.S.; Han, B.G.; Ou, J.P. Absorption property experiment and stealthy effectiveness analysis of steel fiber cement based materials. J. Funct. Mater. 2006, 37, 1683.
   Google Scholar
• Bao-guo, H.; Jin-ping, O. Humidity sensing property of cements with added carbon. New Carbon Mater. 2008, 23, 382–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, D.D. Self-monitoring structural materials. Mater. Sci. Eng. R. Rep. 1998, 22, 57–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iijima, S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 1991, 56, 354.
   Google Scholar
• Dadras, S.; Farahani, M.V. The effects of carbon nano tubes on electric and dielectric properties of CNTs doped KBr (CNTs/KBr) compound. Phys. B Condens. Matt. 2015, 477, 94–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, C.; Mai, Y.W. Anomalous electrical conductivity and percolation in carbon nanotube composites. J. Mater. Sci. 2008, 43, 6012–6015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilar, J.O.; Bautista-Quijano, J.R.; Avilés, F. Influence of carbon nanotube clustering on the electrical conductivity of polymer composite films. Express Polym. 2010, 4, 292–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tománek, D.; Kwon, Y.K. Electronic and structural properties of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. In APS March Meeting Abstracts. March 16–20, 1998, Los Angeles, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Parveen, S.; Rana, S.; Fangueiro, R. A review on nanomaterial dispersion, microstructure, and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube and nanofiber reinforced cementitious composites. J. Nanomater. 2013, 80, 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, S.J.; Collins, F.G.; Macleod, A.J.N.; Pan, Z.; Duan, W.H.; Wang, C.M. Carbon nanotube–cement composites: A retrospect. IES J. Part A Civil Struct. Eng. 2011, 4, 254–265.
   Google Scholar
• Parveen, S.; Rana, S.; Fangueiro, R.; Paiva, M.C. Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced cementitious composites developed using a novel dispersion technique. Cem. Concr. Res. 2015, 73, 215–227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saafi, M. Wireless and embedded carbon nanotube networks for damage detection in concrete structures. Nanotechnology 2009, 20, 395502.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, S.J.; Zou, B.; Collins, F.; Zhao, X.L.; Majumber, M.; Duan, W.H. Predicting the influence of ultrasonication energy on the reinforcing efficiency of carbon nanotubes. Carbon 2014, 77, 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makar, J. The effect of SWCNT and other nanomaterials on cement hydration and reinforcement. In Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2011, 103–130.
   Google Scholar
• Hou, P.X.; Liu, C.; Cheng, H.M. Purification of carbon nanotubes. Carbon 2008, 46, 2003–2025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, M.; Fang, S.; Zakhidov, A.A.; Lee, S.B.; Aliev, A.E.; Williams, C.D.; Baughman, R.H. Strong, transparent, multifunctional, carbon nanotube sheets. Science 2005, 309, 1215–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baughman, R.H.; Cui, C.; Zakhidov, A.A.; Iqbal, Z.; Barisci, J.N.; Spinks, G.M.; Kertesz, M. Carbon nanotube actuators. Science 1999, 284, 1340–1344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, J.; Franklin, N.R.; Zhou, C.; Chapline, M.G.; Peng, S.; Cho, K.; Dai, H. Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors. Science 2000, 287, 622–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, X.J.; Du, J.H.; Ying, Z.; Cheng, H.M. Positive temperature coefficient effect in multiwalled carbon nanotube/high-density polyethylene composites. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86, 062112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvert, P. Nanotube composites: A recipe for strength. Nature 1999, 399, 210–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, C.R.; Kohli, P. The emerging field of nanotube biotechnology. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2003, 2, 29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C.; Fan, Y.Y.; Liu, M.; Cong, H.T.; Cheng, H.M.; Dresselhaus, M.S. Hydrogen storage in single-walled carbon nanotubes at room temperature. Science 1999, 286, 1127–1129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Won, J.P.; Kang, H.B.; Lee, S.J.; Lee, S.W.; Kang, J.W. Thermal characteristics of high-strength polymer–cement composites with lightweight aggregates and polypropylene fiber. Construct. Build. Mater. 2011, 25, 3810–3819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dongyu, X.; Xin, C.; Xiaojing, G.; Shifeng, H. Design, fabrication and property investigation of cement/polymer based 1–3 connectivity piezo-damping composites. Construct. Build. Mater. 2015, 84, 219–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, C.K.; Grasley, Z.C. Effect of micrometric and nanometric viscoelastic inclusions on mechanical damping behavior of cementitious composites. Construct. Build. Mater. 2012, 35, 444–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko, H.; Inoue, K.; Tominaga, Y.; Asai, S.; Sumita, M. Damping performance of polymer blend/organic filler hybrid materials with selective compatibility. Mater. Lett. 2002, 52, 96–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumita, M.; Gohda, H.; Asai, S.; Miyasaka, K.; Furuta, A.; Suzuki, Y.; Uchino, K. New damping materials composed of piezoelectric and electro‐conductive, particle‐filled polymer composites: Effect of the electromechanical coupling factor. Macromol. Chem. Rap. Commun. 1991, 12, 657–661.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, R.; Li, X.G.; Wang, P.M. Influence of polymer on cement hydration in SBR-modified cement pastes. Cem. Concer. Res. 2006, 36, 1744–1751.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Andrade Silva, F.; Mobasher, B.; Toledo Filho, R.D. Cracking mechanisms in durable sisal fiber reinforced cement composites. Cem. Concer. Compos. 2009, 31, 721–730.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, S.; Kundu, S.P.; Roy, A.; Basak, R.K.; Adhikari, B.; Majumder, S.B. Improvement of the mechanical properties of jute fibre reinforced cement mortar: A statistical approach. Construct. Build. Mater. 2013, 38, 776–784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savastano, H.; Santos, S.F.; Radonjic, M.; Soboyejo, W.O. Fracture and fatigue of natural fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. Cem. Concer. Compos. 2009, 31, 232–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundu, S.P.; Chakraborty, S.; Roy, A.; Adhikari, B.; Majumder, S.B. Chemically modified jute fibre reinforced non-pressure (NP) concrete pipes with improved mechanical properties. Construct. Build. Mater. 2012, 37, 841–850.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra, S.; Flodin, P. Interactions of polymers and organic admixtures on portland cement hydration. Cem. Concer. Res. 1987, 17, 875–890.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larbi, J.A.; Bijen, J.M. Interaction of polymers with Portland cement during hydration: a study of the chemistry of the pore solution of polymer-modified cement systems. Cem. Concer. Res. 1990, 20, 139–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborty, S.; Kundu, S.P.; Roy, A.; Adhikari, B.; Majumder, S.B. Polymer modified jute fibre as reinforcing agent controlling the physical and mechanical characteristics of cement mortar. Construct. Build. Mater. 2013, 49, 214–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pourjavadi, A.; Aghajani, V.; Ghasemzadeh, H. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behavior of chitosan-sucrose as a novel full-polysaccharide superabsorbent hydrogel. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 109, 2648–2655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, X.F.; Wei, J.F.; He, T.S. A method to repair concrete leakage through cracks by synthesizing super-absorbent resin in situ. Construct. Build. Mater. 2009, 23, 386–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, D.; Heimann, R.B., Alexander, D.B. Box-Behnken design applied to study the strengthening of aluminate concrete modified by a superabsorbent polymer/clay composite. Adv. Cem. Res. 1997, 9, 93–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, X.F.; Wei, J.F.; He, T.S. A novel method to improve sulfate resistance of concrete by surface treatment with super-absorbent resin synthesised in situ. Mag. Concrete Res. 2008, 60, 49–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuji, M.; Shitama, K.; Isobe, D. Basic studies on simplified curing technique, and prevention of initial cracking and leakage of water through cracks of concrete by applying superabsorbent polymers as new concrete admixture. J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Japan. 1999, 48, 1308–1315.
   Google Scholar
• Pourjavadi, A.; Fakoorpoor, S.M.; Hosseini, P.; Khaloo, A. Interactions between superabsorbent polymers and cement-based composites incorporating colloidal silica nanoparticles. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2013, 37, 196–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai, E.; Sugita, J. Composite mechanism of polymer modified cement. Cem. Concr. Res. 1995, 25, 127–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stancato, A.C.; Burke, A.K.; Beraldo, A.L. Mechanism of a vegetable waste composite with polymer-modified cement (VWCPMC). Cem. Concr. Compos. 2005, 27, 599–603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ormsby, R.; McNally, T.; O'Hare, P.; Burke, G.; Mitchell, C.; Dunne, N. Fatigue and biocompatibility properties of a poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Acta Biomater. 2012, 8, 1201–1212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuehn, K.D.; Ege, W.; Gopp, U. Acrylic bone cements: Composition and properties. Orthop. Clin. North Am. 2005, 36, 17–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ormsby, R.; McNally, T.; Mitchell, C.; Dunne, N. Influence of multiwall carbon nanotube functionality and loading on mechanical properties of PMMA/MWCNT bone cements. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2010, 21, 2287–2292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shvedova, A.A.; Kisin, E.R.; Porter, D.; Schulte, P.; Kagan, V.E.; Fadeel, B.; Castranova, V. Mechanisms of pulmonary toxicity and medical applications of carbon nanotubes: Two faces of Janus? Pharm. Therapeut. 2009, 121, 192–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z.; Dong, B.; Zhang, D. Influence of polarization on properties of 0–3 cement-based PZT composites. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2005, 27, 27–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newnham, R.E.; Safari, A.; Giniewicz, J.; Fox, B.H. Composite piezoelectric sensors. Ferroelectrics 1984, 60, 15–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, E.; Jones, L.D. Self-sensing control applied to smart material systems. In: Guran, A.; Tzou, H.S. eds. Structronic Systems—Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems Materials and Structures, Vol. 1, 1998; pp. 37–60.
   Google Scholar
• Nalwa, H.S. (ed.). Ferroelectric Polymers: Chemistry: Physics, and Applications. New York: CRC Press, 1995, 539–610.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, B.; Li, Z. Cement-based piezoelectric ceramic smart composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2005, 65, 1363–1371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marzouk, O.Y.; Dheilly, R.M.; Queneudec, M. Valorization of post-consumer waste plastic in cementitious concrete composites. Waste Manag. 2007, 27, 310–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akçaözoğlu, S.; Atiş, C.D.; Akçaözoğlu, K. An investigation on the use of shredded waste PET bottles as aggregate in lightweight concrete. Waste Manag. 2010, 30, 285–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frigione, M. Recycling of PET bottles as fine aggregate in concrete. Waste Manag. 2010, 30, 1101–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kou, S.C.; Lee, G.; Poon, C.S.; Lai, W.L. Properties of lightweight aggregate concrete prepared with PVC granules derived from scraped PVC pipes. Waste Manag. 2009, 29, 621–628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batayneh, M.; Marie, I.; Asi, I. Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes. Waste Manag. 2007, 27, 1870–1876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panyakapo, P.; Panyakapo, M. Reuse of thermosetting plastic waste for lightweight concrete. Waste Manag. 2008, 28, 1581–1588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweik, H.S.; Ziara, M.M.; Hadidoun, M.S. Enhancing concrete strength and thermal insulation using thermoset plastic waste. Int. J. Polym. Mater. 2008, 57, 635–656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elzafraney, M.; Soroushian, P.; Deru, M. Development of energy-efficient concrete buildings using recycled plastic aggregates. J. Archit. Eng. 2005, 11, 122–130.
   Google Scholar
• Palos, A.; D'Souza, N.A.; Snively, C.T.; Reidy, R.F. Modification of cement mortar with recycled ABS. Cem. Concr. Res. 2001, 31, 1003–1007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naik, T.R.; Singh, S.S.; Huber, C.O.; Brodersen, B.S. Use of post-consumer waste plastics in cement-based composites. Cem. Concr. Res. 1996, 26, 1489–1492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soroushian, P.; Plasencia, J.; Ravanbakhsh, S. Assessment of reinforcing effects of recycled plastic and paper in concrete. ACI Mater. J. 2003, 100 (3), 203–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S.B.; Yi, N.H.; Kim, H.Y.; Kim, J.H.J.; Song, Y.C. Material and structural performance evaluation of recycled PET fiber reinforced concrete. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2010, 32, 232–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo, B.W.; Park, S.K.; Kim, C.H. Mechanical properties of polyester polymer concrete using recycled polyethylene terephthalate. ACI Struct. J. 2006, 103, 219–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rebeiz, K.S.; Fowler, D.W.; Paul, D.R. Polymer concrete and polymer mortar using resins based on recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1992, 44, 1649–1655.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, V.C. On engineered cementitious composites (ECC). J. Adv. Concr. Technol. 2003, 1, 215–230.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q.; Li, V.C. Adhesive bonding of fire-resistive engineered cementitious composites (ECC) to steel. Construct. Build. Mater. 2014, 64, 431–439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, K.T.; White, C.C.; Hunston, D.L. An adhesion test method for sprayapplied fire resistive materials. Fire Mater. 2011, 35, 245–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, V.C.; Wang, S.; Wu, C. Tensile strain-hardening behavior of polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC). ACI Mater. J. 2001, 98, 483–492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, V.C.; Leung, C.K. Steady-state and multiple cracking of short random fiber composites. J. Eng. Mech. 1992, 118, 2246–2264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y.Y.; Kong, H.J.; Li, V.C. Design of engineered cementitious composite suitable for wet-mixture shotcreting. Mater. J. 2003, 100, 511–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu, Y.; Miki, S.; Soga, T.; Itoh, I.; Todoroki, H.; Hosono, T.; Koide, A. Multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced magnesium alloy composites. Scr. Mater. 2008, 58, 267–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polizu, S.; Savadogo, O.; Poulin, P.; Yahia, L.H. Applications of carbon nanotubes-based biomaterials in biomedical nanotechnology. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2006, 6, 1883–1904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, J.N.; Khan, U.; Blau, W.J.; Gunko, Y.K. Small but strong: A review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube–polymer composites. Carbon 2006, 44, 1624–1652.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuah, S.; Pan, Z.; Sanjayan, J.G.; Wang, C.M.; Duan, W.H. Nano reinforced cement and concrete composites and new perspective from graphene oxide. Construct. Build. Mater. 2014, 73, 113–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhan, G.D.; Mukherjee, A.K. Carbon nanotube reinforced alumina‐based ceramics with novel mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 2004, 1, 161–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, F.; Sanjayan, J.G. Early age strength and workability of slag pastes activated by NaOH and Na2CO3. Cem. Concr. Res. 1998, 28, 655–664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G.Y.; Wang, P.M.; Zhao, X. Pressure-sensitive properties and microstructure of carbon nanotube reinforced cement composites. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2007, 29, 377–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konsta-Gdoutos, M.S.; Metaxa, Z.S.; Shah, S.P. Multi-scale mechanical and fracture characteristics and early-age strain capacity of high performance carbon nanotube/cement nanocomposites. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2010, 32, 110–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konsta-Gdoutos, M.S.; Metaxa, Z.S.; Shah, S.P. Highly dispersed carbon nanotube reinforced cement based materials. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2010, 40, 1052–1059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Rub, R.K.A.; Tyson, B.M.; Yazdanbakhsh, A.; Grasley, Z. Mechanical properties of nanocomposite cement incorporating surface-treated and untreated carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. J. Nanomech. Micromech. 2011, 2, 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Tyson, B.M.; Abu Al-Rub, R.K.; Yazdanbakhsh, A.; Grasley, Z. Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers for enhancing the mechanical properties of nanocomposite cementitious materials. J. Mater. Civil. Eng. 2011, 23, 1028–1035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, B.; Yang, Z.; Shi, X.; Yu, X. Transport properties of carbon-nanotube/cement composites. J. Mater. Civil. Eng. Perform. 2013, 22, 184–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, F.; Lambert, J.; Duan, W.H. The influences of admixtures on the dispersion, workability, and strength of carbon nanotube-OPC paste mixtures. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2012, 34, 201–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Nicola, F.; Salvato, M.; Cirillo, C.; Crivellari, M.; Boscardin, M.; Scarselli, M.; Nanni, F.; Cacciotti, I.; De Crescenzi, M.; Castrucci, P. Record efficiency of air-stable multi-walled carbon nanotube/silicon solar cells. Carbon. 2016, 101, 226–234.
   Google Scholar
• Yu, J.; Grossiord, N.; Koning, C.E.; Loos, J. Controlling the dispersion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in aqueous surfactant solution. Carbon 2007, 45, 618–623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legrand, C.; Wirquin, E. Study of the strength of very young concrete as a function of the amount of hydrates formed—influence of superplasticizer. Mater. Struct. 1994, 27, 106–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagani, G.; Green, M.J.; Poulin, P.; Pasquali, M. Competing mechanisms and scaling laws for carbon nanotube scission by ultrasonication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 11599–11604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nochaiya, T.; Chaipanich, A. Behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the porosity and microstructure of cement-based materials. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2011, 257, 1941–1945.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, B.; Yu, X.; Ou, J. Multifunctional and smart carbon nanotube reinforced cement-based materials. In Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011, 1–47.
   Google Scholar
• Li, G.Y.; Wang, P.M.; Zhao, X. Mechanical behavior and microstructure of cement composites incorporating surface-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 2005, 43, 1239–1245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, D.D.L. Self-heating structural materials. Smart Mater. Struct. 2004, 13 (3), 562.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuan, C.Y.; Yehia, S. Evaluation of electrically conductive concrete containing carbon products for deicing. ACI Mater. J. 2004, 101, 287–293.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H.; Zhang, Q.; Xiao, H. Self-deicing road system with a CNFP high-efficiency thermal source and MWCNT/cement-based high-thermal conductive composites. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 2013, 86, 22–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang, Z.D.; Chen, T.; Li, Z.M.; Bian, X.C. Negative temperature coefficient of resistivity in lightweight conductive carbon nanotube/polymer composites. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2009, 294, 91–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q.; Li, H. Experimental investigation of road snow-melting based on CNFP self-heating concrete. In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials+Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring. International Society for Optical Photon. 2011, 797825–797825.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, H.K.; Nam, I.W.; Lee, H.K. Enhanced effect of carbon nanotube on mechanical and electrical properties of cement composites by incorporation of silica fume. Compos. Struct. 2014, 107, 60–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H.; Xiao, H.G.; Ou, J.P. Effect of compressive strain on electrical resistivity of carbon black-filled cement-based composites. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2006, 28, 824–828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvetat, J.P.; Bonard, J.M.; Thomson, N.H.; Kulik, A.J.; Forro, L.; Benoit, W.; Zuppiroli, L. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. A. 1999, 69, 255–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruoff, R.S.; Lorents, D.C. Mechanical and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes. Carbon 1995, 33, 925–930.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, K.; Sato, T.; Yamabe, T.; Okahara, K.; Uchida, K., Yumura, M.; Ikazaki, F. Electronic properties of carbon nanotube. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1994, 223, 65–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, X.; Kwon, E. A carbon nanotube/cement composite with piezoresistive properties. Smart Mater. Struct. 2009, 18, 055010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cromwell, J.R.; Harries, K.A.; Shahrooz, B.M. Environmental durability of externally bonded FRP materials intended for repair of concrete structures. Construct. Build. Mater. 2011, 25, 2528–2539.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S.; Wen, S.; Chung, D.D.L. Resistance heating using electrically conductive cements. Adv. Cem. Res. 2004, 16, 161–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derde, L.J.; Gomand, S.V.; Courtin, C.M.; Delcour, J.A. Moisture distribution during conventional or electrical resistance oven baking of bread dough and subsequent storage. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2014, 62, 6445–6453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, G.M.; Naeem, F.; Kim, H.K.; Lee, H.K. Heating and heat-dependent mechanical characteristics of CNT-embedded cementitious composites. Compos. Struct. 2016, 136, 162–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, J.L.; Duan, Z.D.; Zhao, T.J.; Li, Q.Y. Effect of compressive strain on electrical resistivity of carbon nanotube cement-based composites. Key Eng. Mater. 2011, 483, 579–583.
   Google Scholar
• Coppola, L.; Buoso, A.; Corazza, F. Electrical properties of carbon nanotubes cement composites for monitoring stress conditions in concrete structures. Appl. Mech. Mater. 2011, 82, 118–123.
   Google Scholar
• Han, B.; Yu, X.; Kwon, E.; Ou, J. Effects of CNT concentration level and water/cement ratio on the piezoresistivity of CNT/cement composites. J. Compos. Mater. 2012, 46, 19–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metaxa, Z.S.; Konsta-Gdoutos, M.S.; Shah, S.P. Carbon nanofiber cementitious composites: effect of debulking procedure on dispersion and reinforcing efficiency. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2013, 36, 25–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, B.; Zhang, K.; Yu, X.; Kwon, E.; Ou, J. Fabrication of piezoresistive CNT/CNF cementitious composites with superplasticizer as dispersant. J. Mater. Civil Eng. 2011, 24, 658–665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar