Publication Cover
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine
Volume 32, 2007 - Issue 2
475
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Two Dogmas of Research Ethics and the Integrative Approach to Human-Subjects Research

Pages 99-116 | Published online: 12 Apr 2007

REFERENCES

  • Brody , H. and Miller , F. G. 1998 . The internal morality of medicine: Explication and application to managed care . Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , 23 : 384 – 410 .
  • Brody , H. and Miller , F. G. 2003 . The clinician-investigator: Unavoidable but manageable tension . Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal , 13 ( 4 ) : 329 – 346 .
  • Chard , J. A. and Lilford , R. J. 1998 . The use of equipoise in clinical trials . Social Science and Medicine , 47 ( 7 ) : 981 – 998 .
  • Donagan , A. 1977 . Informed consent in therapy and experimentation . Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , 2 : 318 – 329 .
  • Emanuel , E. J. , Wendler , D. and Grady , C. 2000 . What makes clinical research ethical? . Journal of the American Medical Association , 283 ( 20 ) : 2701 – 2711 .
  • Evans , E. L. and London , A. J. 2006 . Equipoise and the criteria for reasonable action . Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics , In press
  • Freedman , B. 1987 . Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research . The New England Journal of Medicine , 317 : 141 – 145 .
  • Freedman , B. 1990 . Placebo controlled trials and the logic of clinical purpose . IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research , 12 ( 6 ) : 1 – 6 .
  • Fried , C. 1974 . Medical Experimentation: Personal Integrity and Social Policy , Amsterdam : North-Holland Publishing .
  • Gifford , F. 1986 . The conflict between randomized clinical trials and the therapeutic obligation . Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , 11 ( 4 ) : 347 – 366 .
  • Hellman , D. 2002 . Evidence, belief, and action: The failure of equipoise to resolve the ethical tension in the randomized clinical trial . Journal of Law, Medicine, and Ethics , 30 : 375 – 380 .
  • Jonas , H. 1969 . Philosophical reflections on experimenting with human subjects . Daedalus , 98 ( 2 ) : 219 – 247 .
  • Kadane , J. B. , ed. 1996 . Bayesian Methods and Ethics in a Clinical Trial Design , New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .
  • London , A. J. 2003 . Threats to the common good: Biochemical weapons and human subjects research . The Hastings Center Report , 33 ( 5 ) : 17 – 25 .
  • London , A. J. 2006 . Reasonable risk in clinical research: A critique and a proposal for the integrative approach . Statistics in Medicine , 25 ( 17 ) : 2869 – 2885 .
  • London , A. J. 2007 . “ Clinical equipoise: Foundational requirement or fundamental error? ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Bioethics , Edited by: Steinbock , B. 571 – 596 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • London , A. J. and Kadane , J.B. 2003 . Sham surgery and genuine standards of care: Can the two be reconciled? . The American Journal of Bioethics , 3 ( 4 ) : 61 – 64 .
  • London , A. J. and Kadane , J.B. 2006 . “ Sham surgery and reasonable risks ” . In Cutting to the Core: Exploring the Ethics of Contested Surgeries , Edited by: Benatar , D. 211 – 228 . New York : Rowman & Littlefield .
  • Marquis , D. 1983 . Leaving therapy to chance . Hastings Center Report , 13 ( 4 ) : 40 – 47 .
  • Miller , F. G. 2003 . Sham surgery: An ethical analysis . American Journal of Bioethics , 3 ( 4 ) : 41 – 48 .
  • Miller , F. G. and Brody , H. 2003 . A critique of clinical equipoise: Therapeutic misconception in the ethics of clinical trials . The Hastings Center Report , 33 ( 3 ) : 19 – 28 .
  • Miller , F. G. and Brody , H. 2007 . Clinical Equipoise and the Incoherence of Research Ethics . Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , 32 : 151 – 165 .
  • Miller , P. B. and Weijer , C. 2003 . Rehabilitating equipoise . Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal , 13 ( 2 ) : 93 – 118 .
  • Peto , R. , Pike , M. C. , Armitage , P. , Breslow , N. E. , Cox , D. R. , Howard , S. V. , Mantel , N. , McPherson , K. , Peto , J. and Smith , P. G. 1976 . Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. I. Introduction and design . British Journal of Cancer , 34 : 585 – 612 .
  • Rawls , J. 1982 . “ Social unity and the primary goods ” . In Utilitarianism and Beyond , Edited by: Sen , A. and Williams , B. 159 – 185 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Sen , A. 1979 . Utilitarianism and welfarism . The Journal of Philosophy , 76 ( 9 ) : 463 – 489 .
  • Weijer , C. and Miller , P. B. 2004 . When are research risks reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits? . Nature Medicine , 10 ( 6 ) : 570 – 573 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.