The Relationship of Chronic Disease and Demographic Variables to Physical Activity in a Sample of Women Aged 65 to 79 Years

REFERENCES

• Adler , N. E. and Ostrove , J. M. 1999 . “ Socioeconomic status and health: What we know and what we don't ” . In Socioeconomic status and health in industrial nations: Social, psychological, and biological pathways Edited by: Adler , N. E. , Marmot , M. , McEwen , B. S. and Stewart , J. New York : New York Academy of Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Ashe , M. C. , Miller , W. C. , Eng , J. J. and Noreau , L. 2009 . Older adults, chronic disease and leisure-time physical activity . Gerontology , 55 : 64 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti , T. R. B. , Gonçalves , L. H. T. , Petroski , E. L. , Nassar , S. M. , Schwingel , A. and Chodzko-Zajko , W. 2008 . Aging in Brazil: Physical activity, socioeconomic conditions, and diseases among older adults in southern Brazil . J Appl Gerontol , 27 : 631 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Brownson , R. C. , Eyler , A. A. , King , A. C. , Brown , D. R. , Shyu , Y. L. and Sallis , J. F. 2000 . Patterns and correlates of physical activity among U.S. women 40 years and older . Am J Public Health , 90 : 264 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton , L. C. , Shapiro , S. and German , P. S. 1999 . Determinants of physical activity initiation and maintenance among community-dwelling older persons . Prev Med , 29 : 422 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute. 2008 . 2008 Physical activity monitor: Facts and figures. Retrieved June 4, 2010, from http://www.cflri.ca/eng/statistics/surveys/documents/PAM2008FactsFigures_Bulletin02_PA_among_CanadiansEN.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chad , K. E. , Reeder , B. A. , Harrison , E. L. , Ashworth , N. L. , Sheppard , M. S. Schultz , S. L. 2005 . Profile of physical activity levels in community dwelling older adults . Med Sci Sports Exerc , 37 : 1774 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , H. S. , MacPherson , K. , Merry , H. R. , Wentzel , C. and Rockwood , K. 2001 . Reliability and validity of questions about exercise in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging . Int Psychogeriatr , 13 : 177 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bourdeaudhuij , I. and Sallis , J. 2002 . Relative contribution of psychological determinants to the prediction of physical activity in three population based samples . Prev Med , 34 : 279 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eng , P. M. , Kawachi , I. , Fitzmaurice , G. and Rimm , E. B. 2005 . Effects of marital transitions on changes in dietary and other health behaviours in US male health professionals . J Epidemiol Community Health , 59 : 56 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field , A. 2009 . Discovering statistics using SPSS, , 3rd Edition 217 – 8 . London : Sage Publications Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbons , R. J. 2006 . Leading the elephant out of the corner: The future of health care presidential address at the American Heart Association 2006 Scientific Sessions . Circulation , 115 : 2221 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Gochman , D. S. 1997 . Handbook of health behavior research I: Personal and social determinants New York : Plenum Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Hagiwara , A. , Ito , N. , Sawai , K. and Kazuma , K. 2009 . Validity and reliablity of the Physical Activity Score for the Elderly (PASE) in Japanese elderly people . Geriatr Gerontol Int , 8 : 143 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawkley , L. C. , Thisted , R. A. and Cacioppo , J. T. 2009 . Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses . Health Psychol , 28 : 354 – 63 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosmer , D. and Lemeshow , S. 2000 . Applied logistic regression New York : John Wiley & Sons Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan , M. S. , Newsom , J. T. , McFarland , B. and Lu , L. 2001 . Demographic and psychosocial correlates of physical activity in late life . Am J Prev Med , 21 : 306 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzmarzyk , P. T. , Gledhill , N. and Shephard , R. J. 2000 . The economic burden of physical inactivity in Canada . Can Med Assoc J , 163 : 1435 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kesaniemi , Y. A. , Danforth , E. , Jensen , M. D. , Kopelman , P. G. , Lefebvre , P. and Reeder , B. A. 2001 . Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: An evidence-based symposium . Med Sci Sports Exerc , 33 : S351 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay , J. and Anderson , L. 2004 . Dementia/Alzheimer's disease . BMC Women's Health , 4 : S20 Retrieved June 4, 2010, from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472–6874/4/S1/S20
   Google Scholar
• Loland , N. W. 2002 . Reliability of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) . Eur J Sport Sci , 2 : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Martel , L. , Belanger , A. , Berthelot , J. M. and Carriere , Y. 2004 . “ Healthy aging ” . In Healthy today, healthy tomorrow? Findings from the National Population Health Survey. Ottawa, ON : Statistics Canada. .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , K. A. , Rejeski , W. J. , Miller , M. E. , James , M. K. , Ettinger , W. H. and Messier , S. P. 1999 . Validation of the PASE in older adults with knee pain and physical disability . Med Sci Sports Exerc , 31 : 627 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New England Research Institutes, Inc. 1991 . PASE: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Administration and scoring manual Watertown, MA : New England Research Institutes, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Newsom , J. T. , Kaplan , M. S. , Huguet , N. and McFarland , B. H. 2004 . Health behavior in a representative sample of older Canadians: Prevalences, reported change, motivation to change and perceived barriers . Gerontologist , 44 : 193 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan , S. I. , Cameron , C. , DesMeules , M. , Morrison , H. , Craig , C. L. and Jiang , X. 2009 . Individual, social, environmental, and physical environmental correlates with physical activity among Canadians: A cross-sectional study . BMC Public Health , 9 : 21 (Jan 16). Retrieved September 15, 2009, from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471–2458/9/21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkosewich , J. A. 2008 . Cardiac rehabilitation barriers and opportunities among women with cardiovascular disease . Cardiol Rev , 16 : 36 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Paterson , D. H. , Jones , G. R. and Rice , C. L. 2007 . Ageing and physical activity: Evidence to develop exercise recommendations for older adults . Appl Physiol Nutrit Metabol , 32 : S69 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettee , K. K. , Brach , J. J. , Kriska , A. M. , Boudreau , R. , Richardson , C. R. Colbert , L. H. 2006 . Influence of martial status on physical activity levels among older adults . Med Sci Sports Exerc , 38 : 541 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plonczynski , D. J. 2003 . Physical activity determinants of older women: What influences activity? . Medsurg Nurs , 12 : 213 – 21 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Public Health Agency of Canada. 2006 . Physical activity guide for the older adult Ottawa, ON : Health Canada . Retrieved October 16, 2009, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/paguide/older/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Salmon , J. , Owen , N. , Bauman , A. , Schmitz , M. K. H. and Booth , M. 2000 . Leisure-time, occupational, and household physical activity among professional, skilled, and less-skilled workers and homemakers . Prev Med , 30 : 191 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satariano , W. A. , Haight , T. J. and Tager , I. B. 2002 . Living arrangements and participation in leisure-time physical activities in an older population . J Aging Health , 14 : 427 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharff , D. P. , Homan , S. , Kreuter , M. and Brennan , L. 1999 . Factors associated with physical activity in women across the life span: Implications for program development . Women Health , 29 : 115 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spirduso , W. W. and Cronin , D. L. 2001 . Exercise dose-response effects on quality of life and independent living in older adults . Med Sci Sports Exerc , 33 ( 6 ) : S598 – 608 .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. 2001 . 2001 Census Guide. Ottawa, ON : Statistics Canada. .
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. 2002 . National Population Health Survey Household Component Cycle 4 Questionnaire Ottawa, ON : Statistics Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Trost , S. G. , Owen , N. , Bauman , A. E. , Sallis , J. F. and Brown , W. 2002 . Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: Review and update . Med Sci Sports Exerc , 34 : 1996 – 2001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuohy , C. H. 2002 . The costs of constraint and prospects for health care reform in Canada . Health Aff , 21 : 32 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2007 . World population ageing 2007 New York : United Nations. .
   Google Scholar
• Warburton , D. E. R. , Nicol , C. W. N. and Bredin , S. S. D. 2006 . Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence . Can Med Assoc J , 174 : 801 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Washburn , R. A. , McAuley , E. , Katula , J. , Mihalko , S. L. and Boileau , R. A. 1999 . The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): Evidence for validity . J Clin Epidemiol , 52 : 643 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Washburn , R. A. , Smith , K. W. , Jette , A. M. and Janney , C. A. 1993 . The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation . J Clin Epidemiol , 46 : 153 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wray , L. A. , Alwin , D. F. and McCammon , R. J. 2005 . Social status and risky health behaviors: Results from the Health and Retirement Study . J Gerontol , 60B ( special issue II ) : 85 – 92 .
   Google Scholar